scholarly journals Trend analysis of rainfall-runoff regimes in selected headwater areas of the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Kliment ◽  
Milada Matoušková ◽  
Ondřej Ledvinka ◽  
Václav Královec
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals SHETRAN and HEC HMS Model Evaluation for Runoff and Soil Moisture Simulation in the Jičinka River Catchment (Czech Republic)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Vesna Đukić ◽  
Ranka Erić
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Hydrological Variable ◽  
Model Structures

Due to the improvement of computation power, in recent decades considerable progress has been made in the development of complex hydrological models. On the other hand, simple conceptual models have also been advanced. Previous studies on rainfall–runoff models have shown that model performance depends very much on the model structure. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of a complex hydrological model leads to more accurate results or not and to analyze whether some model structures are more efficient than others. Different configurations of the two models of different complexity, the Système Hydrologique Européen TRANsport (SHETRAN) and Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), were compared and evaluated in simulating flash flood runoff for the small (75.9 km2) Jičinka River catchment in the Czech Republic. The two models were compared with respect to runoff simulations at the catchment outlet and soil moisture simulations within the catchment. The results indicate that the more complex SHETRAN model outperforms the simpler HEC HMS model in case of runoff, but not for soil moisture. It can be concluded that the models with higher complexity do not necessarily provide better model performance, and that the reliability of hydrological model simulations can vary depending on the hydrological variable under consideration.

scholarly journals Incidence, mortality and survival of bladder neoplasms in the Czech Republic in the period 1977–2017: a time trend analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Pehalová ◽  
Denisa Krejčí ◽  
Tomáš Büchler ◽  
Jaroslav Janošek ◽  
Ladislav Dušek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Bladder Neoplasms ◽  
The Czech Republic

APPLICATION OF RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL: CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON RESERVOIR INFLOW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Knoppová ◽  
◽  
Daniel Marton ◽  
Petr Štěpánek ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Reservoir Inflow

The impacts of climate change are beginning to be felt in the Czech Republic. In recent years, we were challenging a dry period, which threatens to continue affecting Czech economy, agriculture and personal comfort of local people. The need to adapt to climate change is obvious. The groundwater resources are in continuous decline, consequently, the surface water supplies are increasing in importance. How would the quantity of available water change in the future? How much water would we be able to store within the year to manage it during the dry seasons? Rainfall-runoff models enable us to simulate future changes in hydrological conditions based on climate projections. One of such tools is Runoff Prophet, the conceptual lumped model being developed at the Institute of Landscape Water Management at Brno University of Technology. It is used to simulate time series of monthly river flow in a catchment outlet without the need to describe the morphological characteristics of the catchment. Runoff Prophet produced good results of calibration and proved its suitability for conceptual hydrological modelling in variable hydrological conditions of the Czech Republic. The aim of the paper was to assess the possible impact of climate change on future inflow into Vír I. Reservoir, one of the drinking water resources for Brno, a city of 380 000 inhabitants. The recently developed software Runoff Prophet was used to simulate future river flow time series. The model was calibrated on the catchment of gauging station Dalečín on Svratka River as the reservoir inflow. Prognoses of future river flow were performed using climate scenarios prepared by Global Change Research Institute of Czech Academy of Sciences. These scenarios (RCP types) are based on the outcomes from different regional climate models of Euro-CORDEX initiative. Characteristics of possible future air temperature and precipitation in the basin were evaluated in terms of its impact on reservoir management. The results of hydrological modelling gave the perspective of expected changes in Vír I. inflow yield. The options of using Vír I. Reservoir as a drinking water supply for Brno in coming decades were assessed.

scholarly journals Comparison of rainfall-runoff models for design discharge assessment in a small ungauged catchment

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vaššová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Kinematic Wave ◽  
Technical Standard ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
Runoff Hydrographs ◽  
Peak Discharges

Design discharges in a small experimental catchment in Žarošice (Czech Republic) were evaluated using various methods for peak discharge assessment applying 24-h storm rainfalls reduced to short duration. Rainfall-runoff models HEC-HMS based on standard Natural Resources Conservation Service hydrologic methods and KINFIL, which combines the Morel-Seytoux infiltration and kinematic wave direct runoff transformation, were used to compute runoff hydrographs. The approach of technical standard and Froehlich’s method determined the peak discharges only. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of these methods to predict design peak discharge in comparison with the data obtained from the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), which is the authority for providing hydrological data in the Czech Republic. The results demonstrate that the peak discharges computed by Froehlich’s method are mostly closest to the data provided by CHMI. For the 100-year flood, HEC-HMS based on the Curve Number method showed the best agreement.

scholarly journals Improvement of SCS-CN Initial Abstraction Coefficient in the Czech Republic: A Study of Five Catchments

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Caletka ◽  
Monika Šulc Michalková ◽  
Petr Karásek ◽  
Petr Fučík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Direct Runoff ◽  
Initial Abstraction ◽  
Universal Applicability ◽  
Scs Cn

The SCS-CN method is a globally known procedure used primarily for direct-runoff estimates. It also is integrated in many modelling applications. However, the method was developed in specific geographical conditions, often making its universal applicability problematic. This study aims to determine appropriate values of initial abstraction coefficients λ and curve numbers (CNs), based on measured data in five experimental catchments in the Czech Republic, well representing the physiographic conditions in Central Europe, to improve direct-runoff estimates. Captured rainfall-runoff events were split into calibration and validation datasets. The calibration dataset was analysed by applying three approaches: (1) Modifying λ, both discrete and interpolated, using the tabulated CN values; (2) event analysis based on accumulated rainfall depth at the moment runoff starts to form; and (3) model fitting, an iterative procedure, to search for a pair of λ, S (CN, respectively). To assess individual rainfall characteristics’ possible influence, a principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted. The results indicate that the CN method in its traditional arrangement is not very applicable in the five experimental catchments and demands corresponding modifications to determine λ and CN (or S, respectively). Both λ and CN should be viewed as flexible, catchment-dependent (regional) parameters, rather than fixed values. The acquired findings show the need for a systematic yet site-specific revision of the traditional CN method, which may help to improve the accuracy of CN-based rainfall-runoff modelling.

scholarly journals Revised Determination of the Rainfall-runoff Erosivity Factor R for Application of USLE in the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janeček Miloslav ◽  
Tippl Eliška Kubátová and Martin
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Average Value ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Erosive Rainfall

The evaluation of a series (1961–2000) of ombrographic records from 13 selected stations of Czech Hydrometeorological Institute provided long-term annual summation values and annual peaks of the rainfallrunoff erosivity factor R in the USLE. The evaluation indicated that by defining an erosive rainfall event as (a) rainfall ≥ 12.5 mm or (b) rainfall intensity > 6 mm per 15 minutes, there were on average 8 erosive rainfall events per station, varying from 1 to 25. The long-term summation values of R factor were in the range of 42 to 106 (average 66) and annual peaks ranged from 19 to 38 (average 29). If the criteria (a) and (b) were to be fulfilled simultaneously, there were on average more than 2 erosive rainfall events per year per station, the number varying from 0 to 12. The long-term summation values of R factor ranged from 25 to 67 (average 45), with annual peaks from 17 to 36 (average 27.5). The long-term investigations of soil losses by erosion on experimental runoff plots, near Třebsín (Prague-West district), caused by storms, reveal that these losses were mostly caused by rainfall events satisfying both criteria (a) and (b) at the same time. The results of this investigation suggest that the average value of the erosivity factor R = 20 recommended for the Czech Republic until now should be increased to R = 45 and/or 66, which in practical terms would necessitate more stringent conservation measures.

scholarly journals The comparison of water and matter flows in three small catchments in the Šumava Mountains

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (Special Issue 2) ◽  
pp. S75-S82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Procházka ◽  
J. Brom ◽  
L. Pechar
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
South West ◽  
Small Catchments

The comparisons of water and matter flows have been evaluated in three small catchments with different land uses in the Šumava Mountains in the south-west of the Czech Republic since 1999. The catchment of the Mlýnský stream was artificially drained, the areas of the catchment retaining the character of drained, semi‑intensive pasture. The catchment of the Horský stream is covered with forest, mowed meadows, and locations with natural succession (wetlands). The catchment of the Bukový stream is covered with forest, mostly with spruce monoculture. The highest amount of water was discharged from the drained Mlýnský catchment whereas the amounts of water discharged from the Horský and Bukový catchments were lower. The runoff maxima in the hydrologic year of 2002 were recorded in the Mlýnský stream catchment in August – at the time of the catastrophic floods. On the other hand, the maximum discharges in the Horský and Bukový stream catchments in August 2002 were comparable with those that occurred in the spring during the snow melt. In comparison, the water chemistry showed relationships between trends and features and the results of water runoff. The comparison of the runoff and matter flows in the catchments studied confirmed the influence of the land cover and management in both normal and extreme rainfall-runoff conditions.

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