scholarly journals Improvement of SCS-CN Initial Abstraction Coefficient in the Czech Republic: A Study of Five Catchments

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Caletka ◽  
Monika Šulc Michalková ◽  
Petr Karásek ◽  
Petr Fučík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Direct Runoff ◽  
Initial Abstraction ◽  
Universal Applicability ◽  
Scs Cn

The SCS-CN method is a globally known procedure used primarily for direct-runoff estimates. It also is integrated in many modelling applications. However, the method was developed in specific geographical conditions, often making its universal applicability problematic. This study aims to determine appropriate values of initial abstraction coefficients λ and curve numbers (CNs), based on measured data in five experimental catchments in the Czech Republic, well representing the physiographic conditions in Central Europe, to improve direct-runoff estimates. Captured rainfall-runoff events were split into calibration and validation datasets. The calibration dataset was analysed by applying three approaches: (1) Modifying λ, both discrete and interpolated, using the tabulated CN values; (2) event analysis based on accumulated rainfall depth at the moment runoff starts to form; and (3) model fitting, an iterative procedure, to search for a pair of λ, S (CN, respectively). To assess individual rainfall characteristics’ possible influence, a principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted. The results indicate that the CN method in its traditional arrangement is not very applicable in the five experimental catchments and demands corresponding modifications to determine λ and CN (or S, respectively). Both λ and CN should be viewed as flexible, catchment-dependent (regional) parameters, rather than fixed values. The acquired findings show the need for a systematic yet site-specific revision of the traditional CN method, which may help to improve the accuracy of CN-based rainfall-runoff modelling.

scholarly journals The Effects of Rainfall Intensities and Duration on SCS-CN Model Parameters under Simulated Rainfall

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Xiaoxian Wang ◽  
Huaxing Bi
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Initial Abstraction ◽  
Scs Cn

The Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) method has been widely used in rainfall-runoff modelling; however, the direct effects of rainfall intensities and duration, which are major factors in hydrological engineering design, on its parameters (initial abstraction ratio (λ) and potential maximum storage (S), the latter is transformed into curve number (CN)) have seldom been studied. In this study, we chose simulated rainfall experiments on runoff plots (30 mm/h, 180 min; 60 mm/h, 90 min; 90 mm/h, 60 min) to obtain synchronized rainfall-runoff data and calculated the parameters using general model fitting and event analysis methods every ten minutes throughout the duration. The results indicate that the parameters changed with rainfall intensities and duration. S decreased as the rainfall intensities increased. Under the same rainfall intensity, the S increased with the duration overall. The corresponding λ changed with rainfall intensities and duration, and has no obvious relationship under different rainfall intensities. Initial abstraction in the event analysis method is the same as the actual situation and we chose these parameters obtained with the event analysis method as our selected parameters. These selected parameters and the parameters obtained using Fu et al.’s method which was based on the standardized procedure in NEH-630 were evaluated by the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), the percentage deviation coefficient (PBIAS), and the ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR). The results show that the statistics for the selected parameters satisfied the evaluating standard, and have a better value, while the statistics for the parameters obtained by Fu et al.’s method declined as the rainfall intensity increased, and PBAIS was out of the standard range under 90 mm/h rainfall intensity condition. This indicates that the rainfall intensities and duration have important effects on the parameters of the model, and the parameters vary dynamically with the rainfall intensity and duration. These results could be useful for hydrological design in which engineers consider the return period (i.e., rainfall intensities and duration).

scholarly journals Research on the SCS-CN initial abstraction ratio using rainfall-runoff event analysis in the Three Gorges Area, China

CATENA ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hua Shi ◽  
Li-Ding Chen ◽  
Nu-Fang Fang ◽  
De-Fu Qin ◽  
Chong-Fa Cai
Keyword(s):  
Event Analysis ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Three Gorges Area ◽  
Runoff Event ◽  
Initial Abstraction ◽  
The Three Gorges ◽  
Scs Cn

scholarly journals SHETRAN and HEC HMS Model Evaluation for Runoff and Soil Moisture Simulation in the Jičinka River Catchment (Czech Republic)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Vesna Đukić ◽  
Ranka Erić
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Hydrological Variable ◽  
Model Structures

Due to the improvement of computation power, in recent decades considerable progress has been made in the development of complex hydrological models. On the other hand, simple conceptual models have also been advanced. Previous studies on rainfall–runoff models have shown that model performance depends very much on the model structure. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of a complex hydrological model leads to more accurate results or not and to analyze whether some model structures are more efficient than others. Different configurations of the two models of different complexity, the Système Hydrologique Européen TRANsport (SHETRAN) and Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), were compared and evaluated in simulating flash flood runoff for the small (75.9 km2) Jičinka River catchment in the Czech Republic. The two models were compared with respect to runoff simulations at the catchment outlet and soil moisture simulations within the catchment. The results indicate that the more complex SHETRAN model outperforms the simpler HEC HMS model in case of runoff, but not for soil moisture. It can be concluded that the models with higher complexity do not necessarily provide better model performance, and that the reliability of hydrological model simulations can vary depending on the hydrological variable under consideration.

scholarly journals Morphological variability between diploid and tetraploid taxa of the genus Betula L. in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Rostislav ◽  
Kuneš Ivan ◽  
Baláš Martin ◽  
Gallo Josef
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Blade Width ◽  
The Bohemian Forest ◽  
Classification Function

The aim of this work was to suggest a reliable method for distinguishing between diploid and tetraploid taxa of the genus Betula Linnaeus, based on leaf measurements. In total, 97 individuals from 6 locations within the Bohemian Forest region (Czech Republic) were selected. Four leaves from each individual were evaluated. On each leaf, twenty parameters were measured. Each sample was analysed by flow cytometry to determine its actual ploidy. Measured parameters were analysed by principal component analysis and tested for differences between diploid and tetraploid taxa. For actual ploidy prediction, a classification function was designed. The reliability of the classification function was verified on samples from three different regions of the Czech Republic and compared with functions as suggested by other authors. The classification function designed in this work (based on 3 parameters – blade width in the upper 1/4 of blade length, first vein angle and number of leaf teeth between 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> vein) correctly determined actual ploidy in 89% of all tested samples.

COMPARISON OF POLISH, CZECH AND SLOVAK SKI RESORTS USING THE FREE DISPOSABLE HULL ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 11-31
Author(s):  
Marek Nowacki
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. The aim of this study is: (1) to compare the features of ski resorts in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia in relation to the prices of ski passes, (2) to indicate the best ski resorts in these countries in terms of value for money - the ratio of offered quality to the price of ski passes, (3) to compare of differences in value for money (e.g. offered quality compared to the price of a ski pass) in these countries. Method. Data for analysis were features of quality and prices of one-day ski passes for 245 ski resorts in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The data was obtained from the websites of the surveyed ski resorts and web pages: skiinfo.pl, holidayinfo.cz and holidayinfo.sk. The quality index of ski resorts was constructed using Principal Component Analysis of the seventeen quality features regarding the studied resorts. The comparison of ski resorts was conducted using the Free Disposable Hull analysis. Differences in the level of quality of the resorts' and ski pass prices were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis H nonparametric test. Findings. Eleven features of the eighteen surveyed locations were differentiated between surveyed countries (including the price of the ski pass: Polish ski passes are the most expensive and the cheapest are in Slovakia). The FDH analysis revealed the existence of eight effective – from the skiers' point of view – ski resorts, i.e. those that offer the given quality at the lowest price (value for money). Polish ski resorts are characterized by significantly higher quality than Czech or Slovak resorts. Research and conclusion limitations. The analysis did not take the impact that congestion and queues to lifts, prices of accommodation, restaurants and nightlife in the resort (except night skiing) might have had on the skiers decision into account. The results may also be influenced by the method of quality index construction. Practical implications. The results of FDH analysis enable the identification of inefficient ski resorts in the analysed countries and indication of the differences existing in terms of quality between ski resorts. The conclusions allow to select the most efficient ski resorts which can be helpful in the design of tourist offers and it may also indicate the need for adjustments in prices of ski passes at some ski resorts. Originality. No comparative analyses of Polish, Czech and Slovak ski resorts were found in the literature to date. Type of paper. The article presents the results of empirical research.

scholarly journals Economic Differences of Border Regions in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-582
Author(s):  
Jitka Svobodová ◽  
Ludmila Dömeová ◽  
Andrea Jindrová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Border Region ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Neighbouring Country ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Three Components

The article deals with the economically weak regions in the border areas of the Czech Republic (CR). The main goal is the selection and application of the most important variables, as the methodology of selection and evaluation of economically weak regions is not united. The following research question was formulated as whether the border regions are economically weaker when compared with the Czech Republic average of selected indicators. Two working hypotheses were set: whether the situation of the border regions is different from each other among the border regions and whether the economy of the neighbouring country impacts these disparities in border regions. The secondary goal of this article is to find homogenous clusters and describe these clusters of border regions. The result of the principal component analysis was determination of three components Labour market, Transnational commuters and Population migration. The variables that set up the component Labour Market was found to be the most important for economically weak border regions. The three components were used for cluster analysis and the territories were broken up into four clusters, none of which is above average of the CR with the result that the situation in the border region is dependent on the neighbouring country.

scholarly journals Assessment of subjective aspects of the quality of life in the various regions of the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Poláčková ◽  
Andrea Jindrová
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Czech Republic

The paper is focused on the methodological approaches to assess subjective aspects of the quality of life in the various regions. Besides, directly measurable indicators, which may not always correspond with the quality of life of the individuals in the regions, the subjective aspects of well-being are also in the spotlight. The pilot analysis examined the answers to questions such as: Are you satisfied with the health and social services, the cost of living, safety of public spaces, affordability of housing, or your personal job situation? These answers were used for an assessment of the quality of life in the different regions of the Czech Republic. We used multivariate modeling to explicitly account for the hierarchical structure of respondents within the Czech Republic, and for understanding patterns of variation between regions. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used for the general analysis of regional differences. The overall goal of principal component analysis is to reduce the dimensionality of a data set, while simultaneously retaining the information present in the data. The differences were illustrated by cartographic visualization and by scatter plots of the first three principal components. The cluster analysis was used to discover similarities and differences of the quality of life within various regions of the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Trend analysis of rainfall-runoff regimes in selected headwater areas of the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Kliment ◽  
Milada Matoušková ◽  
Ondřej Ledvinka ◽  
Václav Královec
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Coupling the modified SCS-CN and RUSLE models to simulate hydrological effects of restoring vegetation in the Loess Plateau of China

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4193-4233 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Y. Gao ◽  
B. J. Fu ◽  
Y. H. Lü ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Rusle Model ◽  
Initial Abstraction ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
Scs Cn ◽  
Runoff Production

Abstract. Predicting event runoff and soil loss under different land covers is essential to quantitatively evaluate the hydrological responses of vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau of China. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) models are widely used in this region to this end. This study incorporated antecedent moisture condition (AMC) in runoff production and initial abstraction of the SCS-CN model, and considered the direct effect of runoff on event soil loss by adopting a rainfall-runoff erosivity factor in the RUSLE model. The modified SCS-CN and RUSLE models were coupled to link rainfall-runoff-erosion modeling. The effects of AMC, slope gradient and initial abstraction ratio on curve number of SCS-CN, as well as those of vegetation cover on cover-management factor of RUSLE were also considered. Three runoff plot groups covered by sparse young trees, native shrubs and dense tussock, respectively, were established in the Yangjuangou catchment of Loess Plateau. Rainfall, runoff and soil loss were monitored during the rainy season in 2008–2011 to test the applicability of the proposed approach. The original SCS-CN model significantly underestimated the event runoff, especially for the rainfall events that have large 5-day antecedent precipitation, whereas the modified SCS-CN model could predict event runoff well with Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (EF) over 0.85. The original RUSLE model overestimated low values of measured soil loss and under-predicted the high values with EF only about 0.30. In contrast to it, the prediction accuracy of the modified RUSLE model improved satisfactorily with EF over 0.70. Our results indicated that the AMC should be explicitly incorporated in runoff production, and direct consideration of runoff should be included in predicting event soil loss. Coupling the modified SCS-CN and RUSLE models appeared to be appropriate for runoff and soil loss simulation at plot scale in the Loess Plateau. The limitations and future study scopes of the proposed models were also indicated.

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