scholarly journals TINGGALAN PERTAHANAN JEPANG DI KOTA KENDARI: MASA PERANG PASIFIK-DAI TOA SENSO SENKUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Amaluddin Sope ◽  
Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
East Indies ◽  
Netherlands East Indies

Perang Dunia II di Asia dikenal dengan istilah Perang Pasifik, namun dipihak Jepang (Nippon) memakai istilah Perang Asia Timur Raya (Dai Toa Senso Senkum) dengan maksud propaganda Asia Untuk Orang Asia. Penyerangan Jepang atas Ford Island, Pearl Harbour, Hawaii menjadi penanda dimulainya perhelatan Perang Pasifik. Netherlands East Indies (Hindia Belanda) atau yang saat ini dikenal dengan nama Indonesia tidak terlepas dari imperialisme Jepang (Nippon) di masa Perang Pasifik. Kendari adalah salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang terkena imbas imperialisme Jepang. Dalam mempertahankan wilayah kekuasaannya setelah pendudukan, Jepang membangun berbagai fasilitas pertahanan. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang tinggalan masa Perang Pasifik dari pihak Jepang yang masih dapat disaksikan saat ini, yaitu pillbox. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola sebaran dan fungsi bangunan pillbox di Kota Kendari. Dalam mencapai tujuan penelitian, digunakan metode survei yang didukung dengan data pustaka, dan informasi masyarakat. Hasil analisis arkeologis dan spasial yang dipadukan dengan analisis medan model COCOA menunjukan 21 bangunan pillbox yang tersebar di enam kecamatan di Kota Kendari membentuk pola mengelompok dan acak. Bangunan tersebut dibangun Jepang (Nippon) berfungsi sebagai fasilitas pertahanan, perlindungan, pemantauan, menghalau pergerakan militer sekutu, serta penguasaan area strategis di Kendari.

“Asia for the Asians,” Bushido, and Japanese War Crimes in the Netherlands East Indies, 1942 to 1946

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred L. Borch
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
East Asian ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
White Race ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
Netherlands East Indies ◽  
Important Exception ◽  
Political Economic

The 300,000 Europeans and Eurasians residing in the Indies in March 1942 soon learned that the Japanese occupiers planned to implement political, economic, and cultural policies that would integrate the newly “liberated” colony into the “Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere.” This goal of “Japanization” was to transform everyone living in the Indies into loyal subjects of the Emperor, with one important exception: “Asia for the Asians” meant there was no place for the white race in the Netherlands East Indies (NEI). Additionally, the Japanese in the archipelago were true believers in the warrior code of Bushido, which led to widespread mistreatment of prisoners of war and spilled-over into the treatment of civilian internees. This chapter explains how the Japanese intended to eradicate Dutch civilization and how the “Asia for the Asians” philosophy and Bushido code of behavior resulted in the commission of horrific war crimes, especially against whites and Eurasians.

Setting the Stage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred L. Borch
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
Netherlands East Indies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
The Impact

Explores the role of the Dutch in the Indies from 1595, when sailors from Amsterdam first arrived in the islands, to 1942, when the Japanese invaded the colony and inflicted a devastating defeat upon the Dutch. The history of the Dutch in the Indonesian archipelago is critical to understanding the impact of the Japanese occupation after 1942, and the nature of the war crimes committed by the Japanese. This is because the ultimate goal of the Japanese occupiers was to erase all aspects of Dutch culture and influence the islands. The chapter begins with an examination of the early Dutch settlement of the islands, and the development of the colonial economy. It then discusses the so-called “Ethical Policy,” which sought to unify the islands under Dutch rule and implement European ideas about civilization, culture, and prosperity. The chapter looks at the colony’s social structure prior to World War II and closes with a discussion of the colony’s preparations for war with the Japanese in 1942. A short postscript explains what occurred between August 1945, when the Japanese surrendered, and December 1949, when the Netherlands East Indies ceased to exist.

Exile, Mobility, and Re-territorialisation in Aceh and Colonial Indonesia

Itinerario ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Joshua Gedacht
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Netherlands East Indies ◽  
Training Schools

For centuries, trading companies and colonial officials have sought to manipulate indigenous Asian kingdoms by banishing recalcitrant elites, thereby discouraging resistance and ensuring compliance. Less examined by scholars is how colonial officials adapted this tool in their efforts to manage mobility and achieve territorialisation at the turn of the twentieth century. Applying Josiah Heyman and Howard Campbell's framework of “re-territorialisation” to make sense of how states harness mobile flows for the purpose of redrawing boundaries and producing new political spaces, this article will examine Dutch strategies for incorporating the sultanate of Aceh into the Netherlands East Indies. Site of an infamous multi-decade war of insurgency and pacification between 1873 and the early 1900s, this Sumatran kingdom had long resisted imperial subjugation. Dutch authorities eventually moved to complete its elusive ambition of conquest by leveraging distance and forcibly sending Acehnese elites to “training schools” in Java. By fusing exile with pedagogy, colonial officials hoped to transform Acehnese elites into loyal servants of the colonial centre. Rancorous debates about the deposed Acehnese sultan, however, illustrated the limitations of such re-territorialisation schemes and the resiliency of alternative Asian geographies.

Hajj Transportation of Netherlands East Indies, 1910-1940

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-147
Author(s):  
Erlita Tantri
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Netherlands East Indies ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Historical Phenomenon

This article is about Hajj transportation of Netherland Indies in during the years of 1910-1940. The focus of this article is the mechanism of the Hajj transportation and its significance since eighteenth century. It is based on that historical phmomenon, that this paper will examine the hajj transportation in the past related to regulation and problem and why it was important to control hajj ship transportation by using archives and authorities' report as main sources and other secondary sources. Historically, since eighteenth century, even until today, going to hajj or pilgrimage was very interesting and attractive for native Muslim in Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia), especially for gaining religious requirement, social pride and Islamic ideas. The phenomenon can be seen from the increase and the stable number of the pilgrims from Indonesia which had attracted much interest from many parts of stake holders such as from Hijaz (Arabian government). In relation to that, it is worth noting that ship was an important transport to convey pilgrim from and to Indonesia and thus, business of hajj transportation become a field of contention between state authority and private ship businesses. It is based on that historical phenomenon, that this paper will examine the hajj transportation in the past related to regulation and problems and why it was important to control hajj ship transportation by using archives and authorities report as main sources and other secondary sources. Hajj transportation was a profitable business (even until today) that increased competition among British, Malay, Arabic, and Dutch shipping companies. Completion and regulation from ships and authority did not give better services for native pilgrims besides poor condition, discomfort and suffering of pilgrimage. However, hajj transportation had to be controlled, especially to restrain problems of moekimans and movement ideas from Hijaz.

Japan's Drive against the Netherlands East Indies

1942 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Karl J. Pelzer
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Netherlands East Indies
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