scholarly journals Making Meaning Count: A Phenomenological Approach to Understanding Student Meaning-Making Processes and Academic Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Tang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Sociology Of Education ◽  
Making Meaning ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Student Meaning ◽  
Low Income Households

The income-gap between Canadian families has widened in recent years. Students from low-income households often start their educational careers behind their peers. This gap in educational attainment and advantage often follows them throughout the duration of their educational development (Davies and Guppy 2010). While these systemic inequalities continue to perpetuate social processes resulting in the limitations of student capabilities, this paper works towards establishing a phenomenological lens which may be used to mitigate the disparity in the academic performance of students from low-income households compared to those of their peers – in particular, the ways in which poverty impacts self-concept and, ensuingly, academic performance amongst students. To establish this framework, this paper explores the phenomenological concepts of the life-world and the theory of embodiment. References: Davies, S., & Guppy, N. (2010). The schooled society: An introduction to the sociology of education. Oxford University Press. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016  

scholarly journals CRIME, URBAN POVERTY, AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Bobo
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Racial Divide

Todd R. Clear, Imprisoning Communities: How Mass Incarceration Makes Disadvantaged Neighborhoods Worse. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. 255 pages, ISBN: 978-0-19-538720-9. Paper, $21.95.Sudhir Venkatesh, Gang Leader for a Day: A Rogue Sociologist Takes to the Streets. New York: Penguin Press, 2008. 303 pages, ISBN: 978-1-59420-150-9. Cloth, $25.95.In recent years, sociologists have conducted enormously important research on the intersection of urban poverty, crime, and the racial divide. Quantitative stratification sociologist Bruce Western provides a meticulous tracing of the emergence of mass incarceration, tracking its steady development and identifying how and why—both economically and politically—this trend has fallen so heavily on low-income Black communities (Western 2006). Quantitative stratification sociologist Devah Pager carries out remarkably innovative and compelling field experiments showing the terrible toll incarceration takes on the employment prospects and, therefore, the greater life chances of former felons, particularly those who are Black (Pager 2007). And the combined efforts of quantitative criminologist Chris Uggen and quantitative political sociologist Jeff Manza reveal the extraordinary distortion of our local and national politics that results from the practice of felon disfranchisement (Manza and Uggen, 2006).

Indirect reports as semantic-pragmatic games

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-475
Author(s):  
Sepideh Yasrebi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Main Condition ◽  
Situational Context ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
The Common

Abstract This paper examines indirect reports from the lens of socio-cognitive approach (SCA) to pragmatics. Indirect reports have the capacity to re-mold the substance of the original utterance as a whole. In direct reporting, the original utterance is produced in an actual situational context, and then, it is being reported by a different speaker in a new situational context. So, the utterance which was initially produced is only interpretable in the light of the common ground A whereas the reported utterance is only interpretable in the light of common ground B. We have it from Kecskes (2013. Intercultural pragmatics. New York: Oxford University Press: 159) that “common ground is both an a priori existing and a cooperatively constructed mental abstraction. Likewise, the main condition of reporting is the need of the hearer: there would be no need for reported speech if the audience were already aware of the content of the report. For that reason, the process of meaning making in reporting, that is, the transmission and simultaneously creation of meaning is inextricably bound with the question of context, salience, common ground, pragmatics, semantics and syntax, not to mention all those bodily gestures and expressions that can, or more importantly, cannot be registered in language.

Bounded rationality and the ineffectiveness of big push policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xiao ◽  
Junyi Xu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
High Income ◽  
Poverty Trap ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Optimal Decisions ◽  
Big Push

Abstract If a poverty trap exists, can a big-push policy lift the economy out of it? This paper applies Sargent’s [Sargent, Thomas J. 1993. Bounded Rationality in Macroeconomics. New York: Oxford University Press] bounded rationality approach to study the post-policy transition of an economy from a low-income equilibrium to a high-income equilibrium. The effectiveness of the policy diminishes if individuals are adaptive learners who cannot make optimal decisions instantaneously. This paper contributes to the renewed discussion on the effectiveness of massive aid policies for developing countries from a theoretical perspective.

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