KOMPARASI PRINSIP VERIFIKASI POSITIVISME LOGIS DAN PENERAPAN HUKUM QIYAS

The view of the logical positivism group regarding science is based on the development of exact sciences, scientific truth can be measured positively, namely the truth must be real, concrete, logical, accurate and useful, but the effect behind everything abstract and metaphysical in the dimensions of life is ignored and regardless of observation. The main idea of logical positivism that was promoted by Alfred Jules Ayer, one of which is the principle of verification. In the application of the verification principle, it can also be taken for study studies in the determination of Qiyas law, namely by analogizing a law that has not yet been stipulated in the text, by testing and observing by verifying the causes of its similarity with the established law, determining the similarity of causes with logical parameters. and also empirical. The analogy in Qiyas must go through a verification stage, namely because it must be a real and visible nature by the five senses, and logic, as well as through the empirical proof stage. According to logical positivism and qiyas, the main condition is that it must be something that is visible, and get rid of pseudo-problems. Keywords: Logical positivism, Verification, Qiyas.

Quality management of biosampling and data collection from women at different stages of pregnancy for the search for early biomarkers of preterm birth: predicting errors and risk management

The main condition for ensuring effective sampling for creating a bioresource collection is quality management, which implies careful planning and predicting errors at all stages. Risk management of samples and data loss is ensured by correct logistics, circumspect algorithms and standardization of processes. Features of the logistic processes for creating biosample collection from the pregnant women are described in this article.

PRICE THE MAIN CONDITION FOR COFFEE EXPORTS AN ANALYSIS WITH GOOD NEWS AND BAD NEWS APPROACHES IN INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze the effect of prices and income of the United States of America on 5 superior commodities in Indonesia and see between good news and bad news. The research data uses quarterly data from 2005Q1-2017Q4. The research model uses the TGARCH model. The results show that the income per capita of the United States, the previous price per commodity and previous exports have a positive and significant influence on commodity exports. However, the effect of per capita income on superior rubber commodities was found to have a negative and significant effect. This indicates an increase in foreign income will reduce rubber exports. Extreme volatility shocks occur in palm oil and other agriculture. High volatility is only cocoa commodity. Meanwhile, for coffee and rubber, the volatility is low. 3 commodities that have symmetrical information are coffee, cocoa, and other agriculture. Asymmetric information on palm oil and rubber commodities.

A study on otorhinolaryngological manifestations in pregnant women

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnancy is characterized by various endocrinological and physiological changes affecting different organs including ear, nose and throat. Otorhinolaryngological manifestations in pregnant women are mainly due to changes in levels of sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. While majority of these conditions are benign and reverse after parturition, some do not. The study was conducted with an objective to find the incidence of various otorhinolaryngological manifestations among pregnant women and to create awareness among the medical professionals to diagnose these conditions.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: This is a hospital based cross sectional study of 240 pregnant women who presented to the department of otorhinolaryngology with ENT symptoms. Detailed history, general physical examination and complete ENT examination was done on all subjects.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: 47.9% of the study cases had otological manifestations among which otitis media was the main finding.</p><p>16.7 % of the cases had nasal symptoms among which rhinits was the main condition predominantly observed in the 3^rd trimester. 19.6% of the cases had oral cavity lesions with stomatitis being the most commonly found cause. 15.8% of the cases had throat complaints, among which gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was the most common cause found during 2^nd and 3^rd trimester.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Recognition and understanding of pregnancy related ear, nose throat complaints will allow otolaryngologist to reassure and manage these patients, improving their experience of the gestational period.</p>

Semantic Transformation of French Phraseological Units

The actualization of phraseological units, mainly the creation of humor or humor in a particular text, is based on a general stylistic need. This type of actualization is distinguished by the fact that the compound is understood simultaneously, in the same text in the sense of a phrase and in the sense of a free compound. There are two ways to understand and use a compound in a person's speech. The main condition for two different understandings is the situational context, extra-linguistic factors. The media is rich in such contextual contexts.

Automation and digitalization of healthy fruit and berry plants reproduction

High-quality planting material is a condition for increasing productivity and labor productivity in the cultivation of agricultural products. High-quality planting material is material that is free from harmful pathogens. The process of plant healing requires significant time and material costs. However, with the proper organization, plant healing can be significantly accelerated and cheapened. The main condition for accelerating this process is maximum automation and digitalization of all stages of clonal micropropagation. The article shows the results of many years of work on the cultivation of healthy planting material. Variants of possible improvement of planting stock recovery are proposed with the introduction of the necessary hardware and software at specific stages of recovery and reproduction.

Describing agreement in the Main Condition coding field using Canadian ICD-11 inpatient data

IntroductionCountries use varying coding standards, which impact international coded data comparability. The `main condition' (MC) field is coded within the Discharge Abstract Database as "reason for admission" or "largest resource use". ObjectiveWe offer a preliminary analysis on the frequency of and contributing factors to MC definition agreements within an inpatient Canadian dataset. MethodsSix professional coders performed a chart review between August 2016 and June 2017 on 3,000 randomly selected inpatient charts from three acute care hospitals in Calgary, Alberta. Coders classified the MC as "reason for admission", "largest resource use" or "both". Patients were admitted between 1st January and 30th June 2015 and met the inclusion criteria if they were >18 years, had an Alberta personal health care number, and had an inpatient visit for any service outside of obstetrics. Agreement between the two MC definitions was stratified by length of stay (LOS), emergency department admission, hospital of origin, discharge location, age, sex, procedures, and comorbidities. Chi-square analysis and frequency of inconsistencies were reported. ResultsOnly 34 (1.51%) of the 2,250 patient charts had disagreeing MC definitions. Age, emergency visit on admit, LOS, hospital, and discharge location were associated with MC agreement. Chronic conditions were seen more often in MC definition agreements, and acute conditions seen within those disagreeing. ConclusionThere was a small proportion of cases in which the condition bringing the patient to hospital was not also the condition occupying the largest resources. Within disagreements, further research using a larger sample size is needed to explore the presence of MC in a secondary/tertiary condition, the association between patient complexity and disagreeing MC definitions, and the nature of the conditions seen in the inconsistent MC definitions.

TAXATION OF CASH PAYMENTS AS A MEANS OF LIMITING THE DEMAND FOR CASH AND DE-SHADOWING THE ECONOMY

Studies have shown that the policy of the National Bank of Ukraine to reduce cash in circulation is not consistent. Its priority is to meet the growing demand for cash, rather than taking measures to limit cash flow. This opinion is confirmed by the data for 2020, when there was a rapid growth of cash in circulation, the ratio of which to GDP increased from 9.7% (at the level agreed with the IMF at 9.5%) to 12.3%. In Ukrainian realities, there is a direct relationship between the amount of cash in circulation and the level of the shadow economy. The more cash in circulation, the larger the shadow economy, the higher the level of corruption, the greater the number of criminal offenses. The NBU has in fact become an institution that forms the main condition of the shadow economy: it supplies a sufficient amount of cash for shadow circulation. Responding to the growing demand for cash requires significant funds to produce new cash. Such expenses are included in the NBU's administrative expenses estimate. In case of lack of own revenues of the NBU, financing of its losses should be carried out from the budget of the next year. To cover the possible deficit of the NBU, it is proposed to introduce a fee for cash payments. Its introduction is seen as a tool to limit the demand for cash in economic turnover, rather than as an ever-growing source of filling the budget. The payers of the fee will be persons who pay for the purchased goods in cash. The introduction of such a fee will stimulate the reduction of cash payments, and hence the shadow economy.

Determination of the Occlusal Plane in Complete Denture: About the Paterson Technic

The rehabilitation by complete removable denture is commonly used for edentulous patients. The respect of operating procedures represents the main condition for therapeutic success.Among these procedures, the determination and the orientation of occlusal plane remain an important step to respect minutelyIndeed, it is one of the most stages for obtaining an optimal smile esthetic, a facial harmony and improve the oral functions.Various technics were reported by many authors: anatomical, radiographic, and physiologic methods such as piezography and Paterson technic.This later consists on the determination of the individualized occlusal plane according to the registration of physiological movements.In this context, we will describe Paterson method via a case report and discuss its feasibility, clinical effectiveness as well as its advantages compared to others technics.