scholarly journals Medication Reconciliation Limitations: Observation of the Medication Reconciliation Process in the Emergency Department by Two Immersion Pharmacy Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chong ◽  
Amanda Haile
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Medication Reconciliation ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Patient Profiles ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
Reconciliation Process

Multiple medical records may exist for a particular individual based on the various health services he or she receives. Maintaining updated, accurate records remains the responsibility of both practitioners and patients. Medication reconciliation, defined as the process to accurately depict the patient’s current orders and medications, 2 seeks to avoid errors in duplicity, interactions and dosing errors. Medication histories at Moses Cone Hospital are currently recorded by pharmacy technicians who follow specific standards, for instance they cannot remove “house meds”, which are prescribed medications with an active prescription attached. Technicians instead mark these medications for removal, leaving reconciliation to the physician. The physicians in the emergency department are not required to complete a full reconciliation for patient's profiles as this is a task left for the admitting physician. This leads to the question whether the reconciliation process in the emergency department (ED) needs to be re-evaluated. Patients’ “After Visit Summary” reports were used to analyze patient profiles in determining medication reconciliation statuses (whether fully reconciled, partially reconciled, or unreconciled). 280 patients’ profiles were used. 243 records (86.79%) were found unreconciled, 18 (6.43%) were partially reconciled, and 19 (6.79%) were fully reconciled. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties   Type: Student Project

scholarly journals Medical Spanish in U.S. Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey A Mospan ◽  
Carrie L Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Pharmacy Curriculum ◽  
Spanish Education

Objective: To determine characteristics of Medical Spanish education provided to pharmacy students in schools and colleges of pharmacy in the United States. Methods: A survey of U.S. pharmacy schools and colleges was performed to determine availability of Medical Spanish in pharmacy curriculum, course(s) containing Medical Spanish education, and characteristics of Medical Spanish courses. Additional follow-up questions were asked if a school did not offer Medical Spanish. Results: 61 out of 138 institutions completed the survey (response rate = 44%). 36% (22/61) of respondents reported Medical Spanish education was offered in their curriculum. The most common barrier to offering a Medical Spanish course included a lack of personnel to teach the course (n=21, 54%) or no room in the curriculum (n=15, 38%). Conclusion: While there is a limited number of institutions that provide Medical Spanish education to their pharmacy students, results of this survey provide a basic description of Medical Spanish education in schools and colleges of pharmacy in the United States. Data obtained from this survey can be used to refine or initiate Medical Spanish courses, including the teaching and assessment methods used. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties   Type: Original Research

Pharmacy Students and Pharmacy Technicians in Medication Reconciliation: A Review of the Current Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Champion ◽  
Julia A. Loosen ◽  
Korey A. Kennelty
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Medication Reconciliation ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
Reconciliation Process

Objective: A literature review was conducted to examine how pharmacy students and technicians have been utilized in medication reconciliation processes in an effort to evaluate expanded roles for pharmacy students and technicians. Data were summarized on accuracy of obtaining medication histories, time requirements, discrepancy identification, and cost savings. Limitations and areas for future research also were identified. Data Sources: A search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PsycINFO and a manual searching of bibliographies were performed. Study Selection: Articles were included in this literature review if they focused on medication reconciliation with pharmacy student or technician outcomes independent of pharmacist involvement, they are available in English from any country, and the outcomes were empirical. Data Synthesis: Of 2112 identified studies, 32 met the inclusion criteria. The literature review revealed pharmacy technicians or students were involved in several medication reconciliation activities. Trained pharmacy students and technicians were able to obtain thorough medication histories as well as identify medication history discrepancies and take appropriate action to correct these discrepancies. Through the use of pharmacy students and technicians in the medication reconciliation process, hospitals experienced cost savings and other health-care professionals had more time for other patient care activities as well as an increased trust in the accuracy of medication histories. Conclusion: These findings suggest that pharmacy students and technicians are accurate, time efficient, decrease costs, and provide support to other health-care professionals when they are included in the medication reconciliation process.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Analysis of Student Pharmacists’ Response after an Auditory Hallucination Simulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Genevieve L Ness ◽  
J. Michael McGuire ◽  
Prisca Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Question Prompt

Objectives: The goal of this research was to evaluate pharmacy students’ experiences and reactions when exposed to an auditory hallucination simulator. Methods: A convenient sample of 16 pharmacy students enrolled in the Advanced Psychiatry Elective at a private, faith-based university in the southeastern United States was selected. Students participated in an activity in which they listened to an auditory hallucination simulator from their personal laptop computers and completed a variety of tasks. Following the conclusion of the simulator, students composed a reflection guided by a five-question prompt. Qualitative analysis of the reflections was then completed to identify and categorize overarching themes. Results: The overarching themes identified included: 1) students mentioned strategies they used to overcome the distraction; 2) students discussed how the voices affected their ability to complete the activities; 3) students discussed the mental/physical toll they experienced; 4) students identified methods to assist patients with schizophrenia; 5) students mentioned an increase in their empathy for patients; 6) students reported their reactions to the voices; 7) students recognized how schizophrenia could affect the lives of these patients; and 8) students expressed how their initial expectations and reactions to the voices changed throughout the course of the simulation. Overall, the use of this simulator as a teaching aid was well received by students. Summary: In conclusion, pharmacy students were impacted by the hallucination simulator and expressed an increased awareness of the challenges faced by these patients on a daily basis. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.   Type: Original Research

scholarly journals Online Tools to Improve Faculty Collaboration and Time Efficiency Inside and Outside the Classroom

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sally A Arif ◽  
Huma Nizamuddin
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Faculty Collaboration ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Teaching Goals ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Best Fit

The optimization of time is a valuable commodity to achieve scholarly and teaching goals. Embracing technology and the use of online tools can assist with focused communication and project collaboration with both students and faculty. An innovative approach to connecting virtually is more relevant today, as a majority of current pharmacy students are millennial-learners who are technologically proficient and more likely to adopt online tools. The aim of this commentary is to highlight the advantages of using such tools, while also stressing the considerations one should have when navigating the best fit to a faculty member’s needs. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.   Type: Commentary

scholarly journals Reflections from the Jury Box: Improving Evidence Based Practice through a Comparison with Our Legal System

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Valerie Coppenrath
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Jury Duty ◽  
Evidenced Based ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Evidenced Based Medicine

Background: An experience serving jury duty prompted reflection on the parallels between evidenced based medicine and our legal system. Findings: The steps of the legal system can be tied to each step of the practice of evidenced based medicine. Implications: Patients should be included in evidence based decisions. Pharmacists can act as resources for other providers practicing evidenced based medicine. Educators can use this analogy to teach evidence based medicine. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.   Type: Commentary

scholarly journals Facilitating Community Engagement in Academic Pharmacy Careers

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C Palombi
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Junior Faculty ◽  
Community Partnerships ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Teaching Research ◽  
Financial Interests

Despite the recognized value of community engagement in academic pharmacy, the implementation of sustainable and fruitful community partnerships can be challenging. This manuscript will highlight a junior faculty member’s journey with community engagement, sharing the ways that community engagement can guide an academic career and the benefits of community engagement in teaching, research and service. Also highlighted is the role – and argued responsibility - of the academic institution in community engagement, as well as an identification of the barriers that might be interfering with pharmacy faculty community engagement. Considerations for the development of faculty members striving to more fully incorporate engagement into their teaching, research, and service are provided. Conflict of Interest I declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.   Type: Commentary

scholarly journals Pharmacy Students as Health Coaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominick P Trombetta ◽  
Heidi Yanoski
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
School Year ◽  
Smart Goals ◽  
Health Coaches ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Academic School ◽  
Care Costs

Chronic diseases are the main contributor to both health care costs and mortality in the United States, with medication non-adherence and lifestyle modifications being leading causes. To motivate patients with several co-morbidities, the longitudinal care class was used to educate on maintaining adherence to prescribed regimens. Twenty pharmacy students were trained in health coaching and motivational interviewing methods. Specifically, students were to provide patients with education sheets, apply the teach-back method, and motivate the patient to develop and reach SMART goals made with the pharmacy student over a course of one academic school year. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.   Type: Note

scholarly journals Injudicious Provision of Subtherapeutic Doses of Antibiotics in Community Pharmacies

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed E Amin ◽  
Amira Amine ◽  
Mohammad Shoukry Newegy
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Group A

Background: Egyptian pharmacists routinely provide antibiotics without a prescription. A few pills of common cold products are offered under the name “cold group”. A cold group may contain one or more pills of antibiotics. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of pharmacies that provide subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics in community pharmacies as part of a CG or upon direct request from a simulated client. Methods: A probability sample of community pharmacies in Alexandria, Egypt was selected. A simulated client approached pharmacy staff using a standardized scenario. He initially requested a cold group and followed by requesting two antibiotic pills.Results: The simulated client visited 104 pharmacies and was sold an antibiotic at 68 pharmacies in total. A cold group with one or more antibiotic pills was provided in 31 pharmacies. Upon request for two antibiotic pills, 2-8 antibiotic pills were provided in 30 pharmacies whereas an antibiotic carton was provided in three pharmacies. In four pharmacies, the simulated client was sold a cold group containing an antibiotic as well as another antibiotic upon request. Beta-lactam antibiotics comprised 76% of antibiotics provided. In five encounters, the simulated client was told that the cold group contained an antibiotic when, in fact, it did not. Conclusions: Subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics are provided at dangerous rates in Alexandria’s community pharmacies. Interventions are urgently needed to tackle different factors contributing to this dangerous practice. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties   Type: Original Research

Implementation and Impact of Pharmacist-Initiated Home Medication Ordering in an Emergency Department Observation Unit

2019 ◽  
pp. 089719001987925
Author(s):  
Jennifer Koehl ◽  
Aaron Steffenhagen ◽  
Joe Halfpap
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Medication Reconciliation ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Observation Unit ◽  
Admission Process ◽  
Home Medication ◽  
Inpatient Medicine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Efficiency Data ◽  
Reconciliation Process

Purpose: To design and evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of a medication reconciliation workflow incorporating pharmacist home medication ordering. Methods: Designed and implemented an admission medication reconciliation workflow that expanded the pharmacists’ role to include an initial ordering of home medications. Performed a prospective, pre–post cohort analysis comparing preimplementation accuracy and efficiency data from inpatient medicine and cardiology patients to postimplementation accuracy and efficiency data from our emergency department observation unit. Accuracy for the preimplementation group was defined by the number of unintentional discrepancies identified by pharmacists between the prescriber admission orders and the reconciled home medication lists. Accuracy for the postimplementation group was defined by the prescriber acceptance of pharmacist-ordered home medications. Efficiency was measured by pharmacist time to complete the admission medication reconciliation process. Results: Prescribers accepted 98% of home medication orders placed by pharmacists, which correlated with a significant decrease in the occurrence of home medication orders containing a medication-related problem or discrepancy (46.4% vs 1.3%, P < .0001). The mean pharmacist time spent completing medication reconciliation per admission decreased from 64 to 23 minutes ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Implementation of an admission process that incorporates pharmacist ordering of home medications increased prescribing accuracy and efficiency.

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