Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Opportunistic Intestinal Parasites among HIV Positive and Negative Individuals in South Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

Aim. A case-control study was conducted to determine the prevalence of G. lamblia, Cryptosporidium, spp and E. histolytica/dispar in diarrheal children at Yirgalem Hospital from February 2011 to August. Subjects and Methods. A total of 230 children participated in the study of which 115 (50%) were cases and 115 (50%) were controls. A single stool sample was collected and examined by direct saline wet mount, formol-ether concentration, and modified Ziehl-Neelsen. Results. Eighty-four (36.52%) were positive for at least one intestinal parasites (57 (49.56%) from diarrheal children and 27 (23.47%) out of nondiarrheal children). The prevalence of G. lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp, and E. histolytica/dispar was 15.65%, 9.56%, and 4.35% in children with diarrhea and 1.74%, 5.21%, and 1.74% in those without it, respectively. Cryptosporidium spp and E. histolytica/dispar revealed higher infection in males (10.81% and 5.4%, resp.) than in females (7.32% and 2.43%, resp.). G. lamblia infection was higher in females (29.27%) than in males (8.11%). Cryptosporidium spp infection was higher in the age groups of ≤4 years old (53.84%). Significant difference was seen between 10 and 13 (7.69%) years old. Higher prevalence of E. histolytica/dispar was found in 5–9 years (85.71%) than ≤4 years old (14.28%). Conclusion. Cryptosporidium spp, E. histolytica/dispar, and G. lamblia were higher in children with diarrhea than in those without it.

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Case-control study to determine the associated risk factors of the presence of bubonic plague in Tunad, Hualabamba and El Gigante villages in San Bernardino district-San Pablocajamarca, Peru

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology ◽

10.1016/s0895-4356(97)87251-4 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. S27

Author(s):

Oswaldo Cabanillas Angulo ◽

Elena Vargas ◽

Jorge Benites

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Bubonic Plague ◽

San Bernardino ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Control Study

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FRI0438 Hospitalisation mortality and associated risk factors in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a retrospective case-control study

10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.4447 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

C. Wu ◽

Q. Wang ◽

L. HE ◽

E. Yang ◽

X. ZENG

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Control Study

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Malnutrition Concerning Geriatric Depression and Associated Risk Factors: A Community-based Case-control Study in Rural Elderly of Bangladesh

10.21203/rs.3.rs-127639/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Md Ziaul Islam ◽

Tasnim Disu ◽

Shatmin Farjana ◽

Mohammad Rahman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

The Elderly ◽

Case Control ◽

Rural Elderly ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Malnutrition and depression are highly prevalent in the elderly and can lead to disparaging outcomes. Analytical studies on malnutrition concerning geriatric depression (GD) are very scarce in Bangladesh, although the size of the elderly population is increasing fast in the country. The current study aimed to assess the association between malnutrition and depression and associated risk factors in the rural elderly.Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 600 elderly residents (aged ≥60 years) of three rural communities of Bangladesh from January to October 2019. Three hundred depressed elderly people were enrolled as cases and 300 non-depressed elderly individuals were included as community controls by matching the age and living area of the cases. We used a semi-structured questionnaire based on the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 and the Bangla version of Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form to collect data through face-to-face interviews. Measures included baseline and personal characteristics, malnutrition, GD, and associated risk factors. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify variables associated with the risk of GD.Results: The study found no significant difference in gender (male Vs. female) between cases (44.0% Vs. 56.0%) and controls (46.0% Vs. 54.0%). The study revealed that malnutrition was significantly (p<0.01) higher in cases (56.0%) than in controls (18.0%). The malnourished elderly had around three times AOR=3.155; 95% CI: 1.53-6.49, p=0.002) more (risk of having depression than the controls. The unemployed elderly (AOR=4.964; 95% CI: 2.361-10.440; p=0.0001) and the elderly of the lower and middle class (AOR=3.654; 95% CI: 2.266-7.767; p=0.001) were more likely to experience depression. The elderly having a poor diet were more likely to experience depression (AOR=3.384; 95% CI: 1.764-6.703; p=0.0001). The single elderly (AOR=2.368; 95% CI: 1.762-6.524; p=0.001) and the elderly tobacco users (AOR=2.332; 95% CI: 1.663-5.623; p=0.003) were more likely to experience depression.Conclusions: A significant association between malnutrition and depression is evident in the rural elderly individuals of Bangladesh. It will be a prolific initiative if policymakers merge malnutrition and the risk factors associated with geriatric depression in the provision of universal health care for better health and well-being of the rural elderly populations.

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Risk factors in lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow): a case-control study

Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) ◽

10.1177/1753193412442464 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 159-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

A. G. Titchener ◽

A. Fakis ◽

A. A. Tambe ◽

C. Smith ◽

R. B. Hubbard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Tennis Elbow ◽

Lateral Epicondylitis ◽

Case Control ◽

Smoking History ◽

Health Improvement ◽

Tunnel Syndrome ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Control Study

Lateral epicondylitis is a common condition, but relatively little is known about its aetiology and associated risk factors. We have undertaken a large case-control study using The Health Improvement Network database to assess and quantify the relative contributions of some constitutional and environmental risk factors for lateral epicondylitis in the community. Our dataset included 4998 patients with lateral epicondylitis who were individually matched with a single control by age, sex, and general practice. The median age at diagnosis was 49 (interquartile range 42–56) years . Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors associated with lateral epicondylitis were rotator cuff pathology (OR 4.95), De Quervain’s disease (OR 2.48), carpal tunnel syndrome (OR 1.50), oral corticosteroid therapy (OR 1.68), and previous smoking history (OR 1.20). Diabetes mellitus, current smoking, trigger finger, rheumatoid arthritis, alcohol intake, and obesity were not found to be associated with lateral epicondylitis.

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Psoriasis in France and Associated Risk Factors: Results of a Case-Control Study Based on a Large Community Survey

Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000182258 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 218 (2) ◽

pp. 103-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

P. Wolkenstein ◽

J. Revuz ◽

J.C. Roujeau ◽

G. Bonnelye ◽

J.J. Grob ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Community Survey ◽

Large Community ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Control Study

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Incidence of intrapartum stillbirth and associated risk factors in tertiary care setting of Nepal: a case-control study

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-016-0226-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ashish KC ◽

Johan Wrammert ◽

Uwe Ewald ◽

Robert B. Clark ◽

Jageshwor Gautam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Care Setting ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Case Control ◽

Intrapartum Stillbirth ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Tertiary Care Setting ◽

Control Study

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Risk Factors of Stunting Among Children Aged 6-59 Months In Bensa District ISTRICT, Sidama Region, South Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-283465/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

TEMESGEN TAFESSE ◽

AMANUEL YOSEPH ◽

KALEB MAYISO ◽

TAYE GARI

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Formal Education ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

Under Five ◽

South Ethiopia ◽

Male Sex ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Stunting remains one of the most common under-nutrition problems among children in the Ethiopia. Children aged 6-59 months share for 35–45% of the burden in endemic areas. Identifying the causes of stunting assists health planners to prioritize prevention strategies, and is a fundamental step for intervention. However, evidence scarce about risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-59 months in study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-59 months in Bensa district, South Ethiopia; 2019. Methods: A facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from January 10 to March 10, 2018 on a sample of 237(79 cases and 158 controls) children aged 6-59 months with their respective mothers. Data were collected using a structured, face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire and standard physical measurements. The data were entered using EPINFO version 7 and WHO Anthro software version 3.0.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square(X2) test was used to determine the overall association between explanatory and outcome variables. The variables were entered to the multivariable model using the backward stepwise regression approach. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with stunting. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed to evaluate the presence and strength of associations. Results: Diarrhea in past two weeks (AOR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.42-5.16) and male sex (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.224-4.59) were positively associated with stunting. The odds of stunting increased 2.7 times for children who had inappropriate exclusive breast feeding (AOR =2.07, 95%CI: 1.07-4.01) as compared to those who had the appropriate exclusive breast feeding. Having less than or equal to three under five children in the household (AOR = 2.18, 95%CI: 03-4.64), and mothers had no formal education (AOR =3.28, 95%CI: 1.56-6.924) were positively associated with stunting. Conclusions: Male sex, diarrhea in past two weeks, inappropriate exclusive breast feeding, number of the under five children in the household and mothers had no formal education were major predictors of the stunting. Educating mothers/care takers on Infant and Young Child Feeding practice. Findings support a focus on prevention of diarrhea as part of an overall public health strategy for improving child health and nutrition.

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