Correlations among Mucociliary Transport, Ciliary Function, and Ciliary Structure

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Jorissen
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Relevant Parameter ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Mucociliary transport is one of the most important defense mechanisms of the airway. Mucociliary transport time or rate, as measured using the saccharin test or the radioisotope technique, respectively, is clinically the most relevant parameter, although subject to large intra- and interindividual variability. There is no correlation between mucociliary transport in vivo and ciliary beat frequency ex vivo. Preliminary evidence demonstrates that mucociliary transport correlates with ciliary structure and orientation as investigated with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A correlation is presented between ciliary beat frequency and secondary ciliary abnormalities. This correlation can best be described according to the logistic sigmoid model (r = 0.69). Based on these functional data, an ultrastructural distinction is proposed among normal (less than 5%), light (5 to 15%), moderate (15 to 25%), and severe (more than 25%) secondary ciliary dyskinesia.

scholarly journals Differential effect of anesthetics on mucociliary clearance in vivo in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle S. Feldman ◽  
Eunwon Kim ◽  
Michael J. Czachowski ◽  
Yijen Wu ◽  
Cecilia W. Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sulfur Colloid ◽  
Ct System

AbstractRespiratory mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a key defense mechanism that functions to entrap and transport inhaled pollutants, particulates, and pathogens away from the lungs. Previous work has identified a number of anesthetics to have cilia depressive effects in vitro. Wild-type C57BL/6 J mice received intra-tracheal installation of 99mTc-Sulfur colloid, and were imaged using a dual-modality SPECT/CT system at 0 and 6 h to measure baseline MCC (n = 8). Mice were challenged for one hour with inhalational 1.5% isoflurane, or intraperitoneal ketamine (100 mg/kg)/xylazine (20 mg/kg), ketamine (0.5 mg/kg)/dexmedetomidine (50 mg/kg), fentanyl (0.2 mg/kg)/1.5% isoflurane, propofol (120 mg/Kg), or fentanyl/midazolam/dexmedetomidine (0.025 mg/kg/2.5 mg/kg/0.25 mg/kg) prior to MCC assessment. The baseline MCC was 6.4%, and was significantly reduced to 3.7% (p = 0.04) and 3.0% (p = 0.01) by ketamine/xylazine and ketamine/dexmedetomidine challenge respectively. Importantly, combinations of drugs containing fentanyl, and propofol in isolation did not significantly depress MCC. Although no change in cilia length or percent ciliation was expected, we tried to correlate ex-vivo tracheal cilia ciliary beat frequency and cilia-generated flow velocities with MCC and found no correlation. Our results indicate that anesthetics containing ketamine (ketamine/xylazine and ketamine/dexmedetomidine) significantly depress MCC, while combinations containing fentanyl (fentanyl/isoflurane, fentanyl/midazolam/dexmedetomidine) and propofol do not. Our method for assessing MCC is reproducible and has utility for studying the effects of other drug combinations.

Luffa Operculata Affects Mucociliary Function of the Isolated Frog Palate

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Aidar Menon-Miyake ◽  
Regiani Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho ◽  
Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva ◽  
Ossamu Butugan
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Transport Velocity ◽  
Mucociliary Function ◽  
Frog Palate ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Background Luffa operculata is a medicinal plant used in homeopathic and alternative medicine. In the United States, it is sold in a purified spray form, whereas a homemade L. operculata dry fruit infusion (DFI) is commonly used in Latin America. The L. operculata DFI is applied intranasally, inducing profuse mucous secretion and relieving nasal symptoms. Nevertheless, this medication may cause irritation of the nasal mucosa, as well as epistaxis or anosmia. Given the growing popularity of alternative medicine, a decision was made to evaluate the effects of this substance on mucous membranes. Methods The effects of L. operculata DFI on mucociliary transport velocity, ciliary beat frequency, and transepithelial potential difference (PD) were evaluated in an isolated frog palate preparation. We tested 46 palates immediately before immersion and again at 5 and 20 minutes after immersion. Four groups (n = 10) were tested in frog Ringer: control; L. operculata DFI, 60 mg/L; 600 mg/L; and 1200 mg/L. An additional group was tested using L. operculata DFI prepared with water (600 mg/L of H2O, n = 6). Epithelial samples were harvested for ultrastructural study. Results In treated palates, mucociliary transport velocity and ciliary beat frequency decreased significantly (p < 0.001 and p < 0.008, respectively). There was a dose-dependent decrease in PD modulus (p < .007). Our PD findings indicated ion-fluid transport abnormalities, which were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy that showed enlargement of interepithelial spaces. Conclusion In this ex vivo model, the L. operculata DFI infusion promoted significant changes in the mucociliary function of the epithelium, suggesting that it is potentially noxious to human nasal mucosa.

Nasal Mucociliary Transport: New Evidence for a Key Role of Ciliary Beat Frequency

2002 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbert M. Boek ◽  
Kees Graamans ◽  
Hanny Natzijl ◽  
Peter P. van Rijk ◽  
Egbert H. Huizing
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Cyanide levels found in infected cystic fibrosis sputum inhibit airway ciliary function

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1253-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrika Nair ◽  
Amelia Shoemark ◽  
Mario Chan ◽  
Sarah Ollosson ◽  
Mellissa Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Frequency Measurements ◽  
Air Liquid Interface ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Ciliary Beat

We have previously reported cyanide at concentrations of up to 150 μM in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients infected withPseudomonas aeruginosaand a negative correlation with lung function. Our aim was to investigate possible mechanisms for this association, focusing on the effect of pathophysiologically relevant cyanide levels on human respiratory cell function.Ciliary beat frequency measurements were performed on nasal brushings and nasal air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures obtained from healthy volunteers and cystic fibrosis patients.Potassium cyanide decreased ciliary beat frequency in healthy nasal brushings (n = 6) after 60 min (150 μM: 47% fall, p<0.0012; 75 μM: 32% fall, p<0.0001). Samples from cystic fibrosis patients (n = 3) showed similar results (150 μM: 55% fall, p = 0.001). Ciliary beat frequency inhibition was not due to loss of cell viability and was reversible. The inhibitory mechanism was independent of ATP levels. KCN also significantly inhibited ciliary beat frequency in ALI cultures, albeit to a lesser extent. Ciliary beat frequency measurements on ALI cultures treated with culture supernatants fromP. aeruginosamutants defective in virulence factor production implicated cyanide as a key component inhibiting the ciliary beat frequency.If cyanide production similarly impairs mucocilliary clearancein vivo, it could explain the link with increased disease severity observed in cystic fibrosis patients with detectable cyanide in their airway.

Endonasal Sinus Surgery Improves Mucociliary Transport in Severe Chronic Sinusitis

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernol Hafner ◽  
Spiros Davris ◽  
Herbert Riechelmann ◽  
Wolf J. Mann ◽  
Ronald G. Amedee
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Endonasal Sinus Surgery ◽  
Saccharine Test ◽  
Interference Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Respiratory Cells ◽  
Ciliary Beat

A total of 22 patients with extensive chronic sinusitis were examined before and 7.2 ± 1.1 months after microscopic endonasal sinus surgery. Pre- and postoperative nasal mucociliary transport was measured using a modified saccharine test and ciliary beat frequency of nasal respiratory cells using video interference contrast microscopy. In patients suffering from chronic sinusitis, nasal ciliary beat frequency was significantly lower (8.0 ± 1.8 Hz) than in normals (9.5 ± 1.7 Hz, p < 0.02). Following endonasal sinus surgery, ciliary beat frequency in patients with chronic sinusitis remained reduced (8.3 ± 1.2 Hz). Nasal mucociliary transport time was significantly (p < 0.05) longer (20.9 ± 9.4 minutes) in patients with chronic sinusitis than in normals (14.9 ± 8.4 minutes). Nasal mucociliary transport improved significantly (p < 0.05) to 13.8 ± 8.4 minutes in 17 of 22 patients without recurrent sinusitis and remained prolonged (20.6 ± 7.7 minutes) in 5 of 22 patients with recurrent disease. These data suggest that ciliary beat frequency of nasal respiratory cells and nasal mucus transport are impaired in patients suffering from chronic sinusitis. After microscopic endonasal sinus surgery, impaired mucociliary transport is improved, and ciliary beat frequency remains lower than in normals.

The Correlation between Ciliary Ultrastructure and Ciliary Beat Frequency in Experimental Chronic Sinusitis

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Czaja ◽  
Thomas V. McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Middle Meatal Antrostomy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ciliary Ultrastructure ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Ciliary ultrastructural abnormalities secondary to chronic sinusitis may cause abnormal mucociliary transport clearance. We examined the relationship between anatomic abnormalities of ciliary ultrastructure secondary to chronic sinusitis and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) before and after middle meatal antrostomy (MMA) in rabbits. Ultrastructural abnormalities of cilia included absence of axoneme membrane, blebs of the axoneme membrane, compound cilia, and ciliary orientation. Two groups of rabbits were studied: Uninfected (group A control, n = 3) and infected (group B, n = 10); 108 CFU S. pneumoniae were used to infect the animals in group B after sinus ostial occlusion and chronic sinusitis developed. After 6 weeks with infection, 6 of 10 group B animals underwent MMA and were restudied 6 weeks later. Uninfected animals had mean CBF = 11.75 Hz. Animals with chronic sinusitis had mean CBF = 8.5 Hz (p < 0.05). Six weeks after MMA, mean CBF = 11.82 Hz. This was not different from control. There were significant changes in ciliary ultrastructure when uninfected and infected rabbits were compared. These changes were reversed with MMA. Changes in ciliary ultrastructure correlated significantly with changes in CBF for all animals. Abnormalities in ciliary ultrastructure may account for the abnormal mucociliary transport clearance seen in chronic sinusitis in rabbits.

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