Endoscopic Surgery of a Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma: Surgical Strategy, Follow-up, and Recurrence Rate

Background Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is noted for its high rate of recurrence and malignant transformation. Although many clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the endoscopic approach for SNIP, the surgical strategy has been the subject of much debate. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the endoscopic endonasal approach in SNIP. Methods A systematic review of patients with a diagnosis of SNIP and who had surgery at our institution from June 2005 to March 2013 was performed. All the patients who had postoperative follow-up for >2 years were enrolled. Each case was categorized into one of four stages as reported by Krouse. Demographic and tumor date, operative approach, complications, and recurrence rates were collected. Results A total of 125 patients were included in this study. There were 17 patients in stage 1, 40 in stage 2, 57 in stage 3, and 11 in stage 4. The overall recurrence rate was 8.0%. There was no significant difference in recurrence among the stages (all p > 0.05). Recurrence after endoscopic endonasal approach (8.4%) and a combined endoscopic and open exposure procedure (5.6%) were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The recurrence rate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in patients with revision (15.6%) than in patients in the primary cases (3.8%). A common site of tumor origin was recorded to be from the maxillary sinus (40.2%). Twenty percent of recurrences were observed up to 5 years after surgery. Conclusion Endoscopic surgery may be preferred for treating SNIP. The elevated recurrence rate after revision emphasized the significance of the first surgery. We encourage a follow-up period of at least 5 years.

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Excision of Greater Superficial Petrosal Nerve Schwannoma Via a Pure Endoscopic Endonasal Approach

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/01455613211026397 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014556132110263

Author(s):

Zhenlin Wang ◽

Siyuan Zhang ◽

Yan Qi ◽

Lianjie Cao ◽

Pu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Middle Cranial Fossa ◽

Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach ◽

Endonasal Approach ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal ◽

Greater Superficial Petrosal Nerve ◽

Clinical Records

Greater superficial petrosal nerve (GSPN) schwannomas are an exceedingly rare nerve sheath tumor. The current literature search was conducted using Medline and Embase database by key search terms. Only 31 cases have been reported in the literature so far. Facial palsy, hearing loss, and xerophthalmia accounted for 48.4% (15), 41.9% (13), and 29% (9) of all cases, respectively. The middle cranial fossa approach was used in all previous reports. A retrospective review of 2 GSPN schwannomas patients treated by endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) in our center was collected. Clinical records, including clinical features, pre- and postoperative images, surgery, and follow-up information, were reviewed. In all cases, clinical features including facial numbness and headache were found, with tinnitus in case 1, hearing loss, xerophthalmia in case 2. Imaging studies showed a solid mass that originated in the anterior of the petrous bone. Two patients were treated by EEA. Furthermore, no recurrence was found during the follow-up period (15-29 months) in both of the 2 cases after the operation. Complete resection of GSPN schwannomas can be achieved via the pure EEA. Endoscopic endonasal approach for radical removal of tumors is safe and feasible.

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Clinical Implications of Carcinoma In Situ in Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599819883298 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 161 (6) ◽

pp. 1036-1042 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ivy W. Maina ◽

Charles C. L. Tong ◽

Esther Baranov ◽

Neil N. Patel ◽

Vasiliki Triantafillou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malignant Transformation ◽

Recurrence Rate ◽

Carcinoma In Situ ◽

Inverted Papilloma ◽

Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma ◽

Definitive Surgery ◽

Severe Degree ◽

Multiple Recurrences

Objective Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a typically benign sinonasal tumor with a tendency to recur and the potential for malignant transformation. Varying degrees of dysplasia may be present, of which carcinoma in situ (CIS) is most advanced. We hereby describe the biological and clinical behavior of IP with CIS (IPwCIS). Study Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Tertiary academic referral center. Subjects and Methods Patients who underwent surgical resection for IP between 2002 and 2017. Pertinent clinical data were obtained, and all IPwCIS cases were histologically confirmed. Results In total, 37 of 215 cases (17.2%) were identified with IPwCIS. Mean age was 57 years and 86.5% of patients were male. Median follow-up was 82 months, and the recurrence rate was 27%. The maxillary sinus was the most common primary site (37.8%) and 14 tumors (37.8%) demonstrated multifocal attachment, which was associated with recurrence (odds ratio [OR], 9.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-112.8; P = .028). IPwCIS was also associated with multiple recurrences (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.246-5.814; P = .021). Most patients were treated with surgery alone (89.1%) and 4 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy (8.1%). Only 1 patient (2.7%) demonstrated malignant transformation after definitive surgery. Conclusions IPwCIS represents the most severe degree of dysplasia prior to malignant transformation and is associated with higher recurrence rate and multifocal involvement but low rate of conversion to invasive carcinoma. The need for adjuvant therapy remains controversial, and further research into the etiology of the disease is warranted.

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Primary temporal inverted papilloma with premalignant change

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215110001829 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 206-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

H Zhou ◽

Z Chen ◽

H Li ◽

G Xing

Keyword(s):

Recurrence Rate ◽

Radical Resection ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Inverted Papilloma ◽

Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma ◽

Sinonasal Papilloma

AbstractObjectives:To explore the pathology, diagnosis, therapeutic strategies and prognosis of primary temporal inverted papilloma.Methods:We present one of the first reported cases of primary temporal inverted papilloma with premalignant change. The available data are reviewed.Results:To the best of our knowledge, only 10 evaluable cases of this tumour have been reported. The recurrence rate is higher for this tumour than for sinonasal inverted papilloma.Conclusion:Primary temporal inverted papilloma is extremely rare, and its diagnosis should be made only following clinical exclusion of sinonasal papilloma. Therapy mainly comprises radical resection of the lesion, and long-term post-operative follow up is mandatory.

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Machine learning–based prediction of outcomes of the endoscopic endonasal approach in Cushing disease: is the future coming?

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/2020.3.focus2060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. E5

Author(s):

Matteo Zoli ◽

Victor E. Staartjes ◽

Federica Guaraldi ◽

Filippo Friso ◽

Arianna Rustici ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Complex Data ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach ◽

Endonasal Approach ◽

Cushing Disease ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal ◽

Internal Validation

OBJECTIVEMachine learning (ML) is an innovative method to analyze large and complex data sets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ML to identify predictors of early postsurgical and long-term outcomes in patients treated for Cushing disease (CD).METHODSAll consecutive patients in our center who underwent surgery for CD through the endoscopic endonasal approach were retrospectively reviewed. Study endpoints were gross-tumor removal (GTR), postsurgical remission, and long-term control of disease. Several demographic, radiological, and histological factors were assessed as potential predictors. For ML-based modeling, data were randomly divided into 2 sets with an 80% to 20% ratio for bootstrapped training and testing, respectively. Several algorithms were tested and tuned for the area under the curve (AUC).RESULTSThe study included 151 patients. GTR was achieved in 137 patients (91%), and postsurgical hypersecretion remission was achieved in 133 patients (88%). At last follow-up, 116 patients (77%) were still in remission after surgery and in 21 patients (14%), CD was controlled with complementary treatment (overall, of 131 cases, 87% were under control at follow-up). At internal validation, the endpoints were predicted with AUCs of 0.81–1.00, accuracy of 81%–100%, and Brier scores of 0.035–0.151. Tumor size and invasiveness and histological confirmation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)–secreting cells were the main predictors for the 3 endpoints of interest.CONCLUSIONSML algorithms were used to train and internally validate robust models for all the endpoints, giving accurate outcome predictions in CD cases. This analytical method seems promising for potentially improving future patient care and counseling; however, careful clinical interpretation of the results remains necessary before any clinical adoption of ML. Moreover, further studies and increased sample sizes are definitely required before the widespread adoption of ML to the study of CD.

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Endoscopic surgical management of sinonasal inverted papilloma extending to the frontal sinuses

Otolaryngologia Polska ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0009.3801 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 26-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yukiko Takahashi ◽

Fumi Shoji ◽

Yukio Katori ◽

Hiroshi Hidaka ◽

Naoya Noguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Management ◽

Endoscopic Surgery ◽

Late Complications ◽

Inverted Papilloma ◽

Surgical Approaches ◽

Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma ◽

Endoscopic Guidance ◽

Frontal Sinuses ◽

Draf Iii

Objective: Sinonasal inverted papilloma has been traditionally managed with external surgical approaches. Advances in imaging guidance systems, surgical instrumentation, and intraoperative multi-visualization have led to a gradual shift from external approaches to endoscopic surgery. However, for anatomical and technical reasons, endoscopic surgery of sinonasal inverted papilloma extending to the frontal sinuses is still challenging. Here, we present our experience in endoscopic surgical management of sinonasal inverted papilloma extending to one or both frontal sinuses. Methods: We present 10 cases of sinonasal inverted papilloma extending to the frontal sinuses and successfully removed by endoscopic median drainage (Draf III procedure) under endoscopic guidance without any additional external approach. Results: The whole cavity of the frontal sinuses was easily inspected at the end of the surgical procedure. No early or late complications were observed. No recurrence was identified after an average follow-up period of 39.5 months. Conclusion: Use of an endoscopic median drainage approach to manage sinonasal inverted papilloma extending to one or both frontal sinuses is feasible and seems effective.

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Expanding indications for the extended endoscopic endonasal approach to hypothalamic gliomas: preliminary report

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/2014.7.focus14317 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. E11 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Matteo Zoli ◽

Diego Mazzatenta ◽

Adelaide Valluzzi ◽

Gianluca Marucci ◽

Nicola Acciarri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Tumor Resection ◽

Small Sample ◽

Anterior Communicating Artery ◽

Moderate Increase ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach ◽

Endonasal Approach ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal

Object In the last decade the indications for the endoscopic endonasal approach have been progressively expanded to include lesions that have not been traditionally considered amenable to resection through the transsphenoidal route. In this study, the authors analyze their experience with hypothalamic gliomas treated via the endoscopic endonasal approach. Methods Consecutive cases of hypothalamic gliomas treated since 2007 via an endoscopic endonasal approach were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative neuroimaging as well as endocrinological, neurological, and visual symptoms were analyzed to assess the surgical outcome. Signs and symptoms of hypothalamic dysfunction including body mass index (BMI), memory, sleep-wake rhythm, and polyphagia were prospectively collected pre- and postoperatively to assess hypothalamic function. Quality of life was evaluated using the Katz scale. Results In the initial phase the endoscopic endonasal approach was adopted in 3 cases with a palliative intent, to obtain a biopsy sample or for debulking of the mass followed by radio- or chemotherapy. In 2 later cases it was successfully adopted to achieve gross-total tumor resection. Complications consisted of 2 postoperative CSF leaks, which required an endoscopic endonasal reintervention. Visual deficit improved in 3 cases and normalized in the other 2. Four patients developed diabetes insipidus, and 3 an anterior panhypopituitarism. All patients had a moderate increase in BMI. No patients presented with any other signs of hypothalamic damage, and their quality of life at follow-up is normal. Conclusions Despite the limitations of a short follow-up and small sample, the authors’ early experience with the endoscopic endonasal approach has revealed it to be a direct, straightforward, and safe approach to third ventricle astrocytomas. It allowed the authors to perform tumor resection with the same microsurgical technique: dissecting the tumor with 2 hands, performing a central debulking, and controlling the bleeding with bipolar coagulation. The main limitations were represented by some anatomical conditions, such as the position of the chiasm and the anterior communicating artery complex and, finally, by the challenge of watertight plastic repair. To definitively evaluate the role of this approach in hypothalamic gliomas, a comparison with transcranial series would be necessary, but due to the rarity of these cases such a study is still lacking. The authors observed that more aggressive surgery is associated with a worse endocrinological outcome; thus they consider it to be an open question (in particular in prepubertal patients) whether radical removal is an advisable goal for hypothalamic gliomas.

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Pseudocapsule-Based Resection for Pituitary Adenomas via the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.812468 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Yuefei Zhou ◽

Jialiang Wei ◽

Feng Feng ◽

Jianguo Wang ◽

Pengfei Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Tumor Resection ◽

Csf Leak ◽

Safe Procedure ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach ◽

Endonasal Approach ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal ◽

Csf Leakage ◽

Extracapsular Resection

IntroductionThe endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is a safe and effective treatment for pituitary adenomas (PAs). Since extracapsular resection (ER) of PAs improves tumor resection and endocrine remission rates, the interface between the pseudocapsule and gland draws increasing attention. However, it is difficult to precisely dissect the tumor along the exact boundary, and complete removal of the tumor increases the risks of normal tissue damage and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. In this study, we investigated the extracapsular resection as well as the pseudocapsule histology to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pseudocapsule-related surgical interventions.MethodsFrom December 2017 to December 2019, 189 patients of PAs via EEA in our single center were analyzed retrospectively. The images, operative details, and clinical follow-up of patients were collected. Sixty-four patients underwent pseudocapsule-based ER, and 125 patients also underwent traditional intracapsular resection (IR) with or without intensive excision for FPAs. The clinical characteristics, tumor resection, endocrinological outcomes, and postoperative morbidities of the two groups were compared. Informed consent for publication of our article was obtained from each patient. Histological examination of pseudocapsule was performed using hematoxylin and eosin and reticulin staining.ResultsThe gross total recession was 62 (96.9%) in the ER group and 107 (85.6%) cases in the IR group, whereas the endocrine remission rate was 29/31 (93.5%) and 40/53 (75.5%) cases, respectively. Anterior pituitary functions were not aggravated postoperatively in any patient, but transient diabetes insipidus (DI) occurred more in the IR group (64.0%) than in ER (48.4%). Pseudocapsule specimens were obtained in 93 patients, and clusters of small cell aggregation were detected in 11 pseudocapsule specimens (11.8%) whereas other patients showed no remarkable developed pseudocapsule. Intraoperative CSF leak occurred more in the ER group (28.1%) than in the IR group (13.6%), but no difference was seen between two groups postoperatively. No case of intracranial hematoma or pituitary crisis occurred in both groups. After a mean follow-up of 22.8 months, tumor recurrence was observed in 4 (2.1%) cases.ConclusionPseudocapsule-based extracapsular resection of PAs via EEA is an effective and safe procedure to achieve complete resection with high and sustained endocrine remission and without deteriorating pituitary function.

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Clinical Analysis of 382 Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma Cases Treated at A Single Tertiary Medical Center

Journal of Rhinology ◽

10.18787/jr.2020.00309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 102-107

Author(s):

Soo Kyoung Park ◽

Geonho Lee ◽

Min Su Kim ◽

Yong Min Kim ◽

Ki-Sang Rha

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Recurrence Rate ◽

Surgical Approach ◽

Medical Center ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Inverted Papilloma ◽

Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma ◽

Associated Malignancy ◽

Risk Factors For Recurrence

Background and Objectives: Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign tumor with a locally aggressive nature and a propensity to recur. Many risk factors for recurrence have been reported, but they are still controversial. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the demographic data, clinical features, and potential risk factors for recurrence of IP.Subjects and Method: This work is a retrospective review of 382 patients diagnosed with and treated for sinonasal inverted papilloma between 1986 and 2017 at a single tertiary medical center. Demographic data, presence of associated malignancy, information about previous surgeries, tumor location, Krouse stage, surgical approach, follow-up duration, and data on recurrence were obtained.Results: In our study, 31 of 382 cases (8.1%) were associated with malignancy. Mean age was significantly higher in patients with associated malignancy compared to the benign IP group. Of the 351 benign cases, 263 (74.9%) were primary, and 88 (25.1%) were revision cases (residual or recurrent disease). Although the proportion of patients with high Krouse stage or multifocal involvement was high in the revision cases, there was no significant difference in recurrence rate. The 226 patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were included for recurrence analysis. Recurrence rate was significantly higher in the conventional surgery group (17.4%) compared to that of the endoscopic and combined surgery groups (8.1% and 3.6%, respectively). Also, the recurrence group showed significantly larger proportion of patients with high Krouse stage and multifocal involvement.Conclusion: Risk factors for recurrence of IP found in this study are comparable to those previously published. Generally, the factors associated with recurrence of IP were prior surgery, clinical stage, involved site, and surgical approach. Therefore, surgeons should always consider these risk factors to reduce the chance of recurrence.

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Long Term Follow-up after Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for the Treatment of Cushing's Disease

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B Skull Base ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1669956 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 (03) ◽

pp. 306-309

Author(s):

Alexandre Bossi Todeschini ◽

Américo Rubens Leite dos Santos ◽

Ricardo Landini Lutaif Dolci ◽

José Viana Lima Junior ◽

Nilza Maria Scalissi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cushing’S Disease ◽

Early Years ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Cushing's Disease ◽

Csf Leak ◽

Sustained Remission ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach ◽

Endonasal Approach ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal

Introduction Surgery has been the standard treatment for Cushing's disease. Currently, the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is the most widely used technique. However, among some endocrinologists and neurosurgeons used to the microscope assisted technique, there are still questions about the effectiveness and safety of transitioning to the EEA. We aim to show our initial experience with such transition. Method Retrospective review of medical records of patients, who underwent EEA in our center as a first treatment for Cushing's disease, and with a minimum 18 months of follow-up, from March 2004 to March 2014 Results Our cohort had 16 patients (14 females and 2 males), with a mean age of 33.7 years. The mean follow-up was 52.0 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified an adenoma in 93.8% of the patients (56.2% microadenomas and 37.5% macroadenomas). Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak was observed in two patients (12.5%). No new neurological deficits were present after surgery. The early remission and sustained remission rates after a single procedure were 87.5 and 68.75%, respectively. Weight reduction, improved control of blood pressure, and lower serum glucose levels were documented in 68.75, 60, and 55.5% of patients, respectively, after remission. Conclusion Despite the need for specialized training, equipment and team building by ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat) and neurosurgery, the transition from microscope assisted pituitary surgery to endoscopic endonasal approach is possible and safe. The clinical outcomes, even in the early years, are similar to the previous microscope assisted treatment, and over time, with greater experience and knowledge, there is a tendency for improvement.

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