scholarly journals The Impact of Human Capital on Economic Growth: A case study of (Middle East and North Africa - excluding High income countries)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Khalil Gh. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Basic Skills ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
High Income ◽  
Investment Spending ◽  
Quality Learning ◽  
The Impact

The study aims at estimating and analyzing the impact of human capital investments in economic growth in (Middle east and north Africa (excluding High income countries) for the period (1990-2018) to test the hypothesis that investment spending on the development of the human resource has a positive effect on economic growth. A long run cointegration relationship between the variables has been found, the results indicate that all of the explanatory variables are statistically significant at the 5% level or less, but while the impact of (EMP, SES, SET, GCFG) is positive, it was found that (SEP) has a negative effect in economic growth.so providing schools that fail to teach basic skills does no promote output growth. So, providing schools that fail to teach basic skills does no promote output growth. Therefore, slowing the pace of the provision of schools to a rate that also permits the development of quality learning appears to be a best choice for a good solution. So, providing schools that fail to teach basic skills does no promote output growth. Therefore, slowing the pace of the provision of schools to a rate that also permits the development of quality learning appears to be a best choice for a good solution.

The Impact Of Financial Sector Development On Economic Growth In The Middle East And North Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
محمد سعيد محمود بللور ◽  
عامر عبدالفتاح زكريا باكير
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Financial Sector Development ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Environmental Performance and Economic Growth in Middle East and North Africa Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hichem Dkhili
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
The Impact

Background. Studies on environmental performance/quality and economic growth show inconclusive results. Objective. The aim of the present study is to assess the non-linear relationship between environmental performance and economic growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 2002–2018. Methods. A sample of fourteen (14) MENA countries was used in the present analysis. However, due to important differences between countries in this region, the whole sample was divided into two sub-samples; nine Middle Eastern countries (MEAS) and five North African countries (NAF). We performed the panel smooth transition regression model as an econometric approach. Discussion. Empirical results indicate a threshold effect in the environmental performance and economic growth relationship. The threshold value differs from one group of countries to another. More specifically, we found that the impact of environmental performance and economic growth is positive and significant only if a certain threshold level has been attained. Until then, the effect remains negative. Conclusions. The findings of the present study are of great importance for policymakers since they determine the optimal level of environmental performance required to act positively on the level of economic growth. MENA countries should seek to improve their environmental performance index in order to grow output. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Effect of Government Spending Policies on Education on Human Capital Accumulation and Economic Growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): أثر سياسات الإنفاق الحكومي على التعليم على مراكمة رأس المال البشري والنمو الاقتصادي في دول الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا (MENA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 65-90
Author(s):  
Emad Adnan Matyori Emad Adnan Matyori
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
The Government

This study aims to estimates the effect of government spending on education and its policies on the accumulation of human capital and then economic growth, for this purpose, we use the econometric method, and employed the simultaneous equations model, for a sample of fourteen countries from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) For the period (1980- 2019); The study concluded, in the first estimates stage of the model, that most of the government spending policies on education used in the study positively affect the accumulation of human capital, except, government spending policy on education at basic educational levels, which had a negative impact. And in the second estimates stage of the model, The study concluded, a positive impact of the accumulated human capital due to government spending on education and its policies on economic growth; Consequently, government spending policies on education positively affect economic growth through the channel of human capital accumulation, expressed in the composite index based on the Barrow- Lee database of average years of schooling for the working- age population, adjusted for the quality and return of education. The study made the following recommendations: interest to international education indicators data, as it is the basis for managing the educational system. Study more government spending policies on education to reveal its role in human capital accumulation and economic growth.: interest to human capital when formulating government policies, targeting its development, and increasing its contribution to GDP.

Measuring and Analyzing the Impact of Investment Spending on Achieving Growth for the Real Iraqi GDP

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Younus Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Weak Efficiency ◽  
Real Output ◽  
The Real ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Investment Spending ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Weakness

The study aim to measurement Investment spending in economic activity Via its effect on the production of sectors of the national economy, and due to the fact that investment spending is linked to public revenues, especially petroleum, because of the economy’s direction, its direction has made investment spending allocations fluctuate with the fluctuation of these revenues and then Its weak impact on the real output in Iraq and then a weakness in achieving the real economic growth aims that are expected from this spending, as the research reached a significant weakness in the impact of investment spending on the real output with and without petroleum, as the increases did not match The big investment spending with real output growth with and without petroleum. which indicates weak efficiency and performance of the national economy in achieving the required real economic growth and a lot of use of the policy of transfer between expenditures as well as the lack of a long and short-term balance relationship between investment spending and real output with and without petroleum.

scholarly journals Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in the Middle East and North Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Raggl
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
North African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
North African Countries

AbstractA decomposition of output growth rates of Middle Eastern and North African countries shows that the contributions of human capital-augmented labor and physical capital to output growth are comparably small and stable over time and that in most countries a considerable share of output growth is attributed to growth in total factor productivity. This paper empirically assesses the determinants of total factor productivity in the Middle East and North Africa region between 1980 and 2009. The findings suggest that human capital is not only an input factor of production but also a quantity that changes the efficiency by which existing input factors are used. Domestic innovations appear to be efficient only if a certain level of educational attainment is reached by a country. In addition, human capital contributes to the ability of efficient adoption of technology from abroad and allows a faster catch-up with technological leaders. Globalization, in combination with a (comparably low) threshold endowment of human capital, is estimated to increase total factor productivity in Middle Eastern and North African countries.

scholarly journals Influence of COVID-19 on lifestyle behaviors in the Middle East and North Africa Region: a survey of 5896 individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abouzid ◽  
◽  
Dina M. El-Sherif ◽  
Nael Kamel Eltewacy ◽  
Nesrine Ben Hadj Dahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected health and lifestyle behaviors of people globally. This project aims to identify the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle behavior of individuals in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during confinement. Methods We conducted an online survey in 17 countries (Egypt, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Yemen, Syria, Palestine, Algeria, Morocco, Libya, Tunisia, Iraq, and Sudan) from the MENA region on August and September 2020. The questionnaire included self-reported information on lifestyle behaviors, including physical activity, eating habits, smoking, watching television, social media use and sleep before and during the pandemic. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle behaviors. Results A total of 5896 participants were included in the final analysis and 62.8% were females. The BMI of the participants was 25.4 ± 5.8 kg/m2. Around 38.4% of the participants stopped practicing any physical activities during the confinement (P < 0.001), and 57.1% reported spending more than 2 h on social media (P < 0.001). There were no significant changes in smoking habits. Also, 30.9% reported an improvement in their eating habits compared with 24.8% reported worsening of their eating habits. Fast-food consumption decreased significantly in 48.8% of the study population. This direct/indirect exposure to COVID-19 was associated with an increased consumption of carbohydrates (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.02–1.17; P = 0.01), egg (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.02–1.16; P = 0.01), sugar (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.02–1.16; P = 0.02), meat, and poultry (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.06–1.20; P < 0.01). There was also associated increase in hours spent on watching television (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.02–1.12; P < 0.01) and social media (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.01–1.18; P = 0.03). However, our results showed a reduction in sleeping hours among those exposed to COVID-19 infection (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.77–0.94; P < 0.01). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in food consumption and sedentary life. Being exposed to COVID-19 by direct infection or through an infected household is a significant predictor of amplifying these changes. Public health interventions are needed to address healthy lifestyle behaviors during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cuba's “Equity without Growth” Dilemma and the 2011 Lineamientos

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 157-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Corrales
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Bicycle Industry ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Sectors

Abstract Cuba faces a development dilemma: it promotes equity and human capital while failing to deliver economic growth. For the government, the country's equity and human capital achievements are a source of pride, a sign that its priorities are right. This essay argues instead that this “equity without growth” dilemma is a sign of malaise. Theory and evidence suggest that high levels of equity and human capital should produce high levels of economic growth. Because growth is often weak or negative, some onerous barriers to development must be present. These barriers, it is argued, are restrictions on property and political rights. By comparing Cuba and China across two sectors, the bicycle industry and Internet access, this article shows how these restrictions have hindered growth. It also assesses how Cuba's latest economic reforms, the so-called Lineamientos, will address Cuba's development dilemma. The impact may be minimal, but perhaps more lasting than previous reforms.

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