scholarly journals Why the Level-Free Forced-Choice Binary Measure of Brand Benefit Beliefs Works So Well

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Rossiter ◽  
Sara Dolnicar ◽  
Bettina Grün
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Scale Measure ◽  
Binary Measure

The level-free version of the Forced-Choice Binary measure of brand benefit beliefs was introduced in a recent article in IJMR (Dolnicar et al. 2012) and was shown to yield more stable – hence more reliable and trustworthy – results than the shorter ‘Pick-Any’ measure and the longer ‘7-Point Scale’ measure. The aims of the present article are (1) to explain how and why the Level-Free Forced-Choice Binary measure works so well, and (2) to point out its advantages over other belief measure formats - advantages that, importantly, include prevention of all forms of response bias.

scholarly journals ‘Pick Any’ Measures Contaminate Brand Image Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Dolnicar ◽  
John R. Rossiter ◽  
Bettina Grün
Keyword(s):  
Brand Image ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Scale Measure ◽  
Answer Format ◽  
Stability Results ◽  
Binary Measure ◽  
Poor Stability

Brand image measures using the typical ‘pick any’ answer format have been shown to be unstable (Rungie et al. 2005). In the present study, we find that these poor stability results are mainly caused by the pick-any measure itself because it allows consumers to evade reporting true associations. Using a forcedchoice binary measure, we find that stable brand attribute associations are in fact present with much higher incidence (70%), thus outperforming both the measures predominantly used in industry (pick-any, 41%) and academia (7-point scale measure, 59%). Under simulated optimal conditions, the forced-choice binary measure leads to 90% stability of brand-attribute associations and is therefore recommended as the optimal answer format for brand image studies.

Chaucer's Reeve and Miller

PMLA ◽  
1920 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-209
Author(s):  
Walter Clyde Curry
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Thesis

My recent article, The Secret of Chaucer's Pardoner, was the first of a series of studies advanced in support of the general thesis that Chaucer, in his choice of physical peculiarities that would fittingly correspond to the characters of his Canterbury Pilgrims, made use of, or at least was influenced by, the rules and regulations laid down in the universally popular Physiognomies of his time. More specifically, I attempted to show that the Pardoner is a typical example of what the physiognomists would call a eunuchus ex nativitate. The present article demonstrates that Chaucer's Reeve and Miller, in the exact correspondence of their respective personal appearances and characters, are also “scientifically” correct according to the specifications of physiognomical lore, and that the quarrel between these traditional and professional enemies cannot properly be understood unless scanned from the medieval point of view.

scholarly journals Pre-print #3

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Samuel Schwarzkopf ◽  
Nonie J Finlayson ◽  
Benjamin de Haas
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Decision Criteria ◽  
Response Modality ◽  
Multiple Alternative ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Response Biases ◽  
Perceptual Factors

Perceptual bias is inherent to all our senses, particularly in the form of visual illusionsand aftereffects. However, many experiments measuring perceptual biases may besusceptible to non-perceptual factors, such as response bias and decision criteria. Here wequantify how robust Multiple Alternative Perceptual Search (MAPS) is for disentanglingestimates of perceptual biases from these confounding factors. First our results show thatwhile there are considerable response biases in our four-alternative forced choice design,these are unrelated to perceptual biases estimates, and these response biases are notproduced by the response modality (keyboard versus mouse). We also show that perceptualbias estimates are reduced when feedback is given on each trial, likely due to feedbackenabling observers to partially (and actively) correct for perceptual biases. However, thisdoes not impact the reliability with which MAPS detects the presence of perceptual biases.Finally, our results show that MAPS can detect actual perceptual biases and is not adecisional bias towards choosing the target in the middle of the candidate stimulusdistribution. In summary, researchers conducting a MAPS experiment should use a constantreference stimulus, but consider varying the mean of the candidate distribution. Ideally,they should not employ trial-wise feedback if the magnitude of perceptual biases is ofinterest.

Self-Administered Field Surveys on Sensitive Topics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Matthew Nanes ◽  
Dotan Haim
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Sensitive Topics ◽  
Sensitive Question ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
A Priority

Abstract Research on sensitive topics uses a variety of methods to combat response bias on in-person surveys. Increasingly, researchers allow respondents to self-administer responses using electronic devices as an alternative to more complicated experimental approaches. Using an experiment embedded in a survey in the rural Philippines, we test the effects of several such methods on response rates and falsification. We asked respondents a sensitive question about reporting insurgents to the police alongside a nonsensitive question about school completion. We randomly assigned respondents to answer these questions either verbally, through a “forced choice” experiment, or through self-enumeration. We find that self-enumeration significantly reduced nonresponse compared to direct questioning, but find little evidence of differential rates of falsification. Forced choice yielded highly unlikely estimates, which we attribute to nonstrategic falsification. These results suggest that self-administered surveys can be effective for measuring sensitive topics on surveys when response rates are a priority.

scholarly journals Observation of a Most Phenomenal Computed Calligraphy in Quran

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Baback Khodadoost
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Mathematical Structure ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Computational Structure ◽  
The Given ◽  
Word Frequencies ◽  
Mathematical Design

<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Observation of a multifaceted mathematical-computational structure of Quran through analysis of its letter and word frequencies and important implications of such observations have been extensively explained and discussed in a recent article: </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">“Khodadoost B. (2015) The Computed Scripture: Exponentially Based Fourier Regulated Construct of Quran and its fundamentally important Consequences"</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">. In the present article we report observation of yet another facet of this mathematical structure of Quran which is a phenomenal "parametric name-printing”. This observation has been made through a systematic compute-plot algorithm which uses the given name and chapter frequencies of letters in Quran as its input and shows in the output, calligraphic printing in Arabic of the same name. Several names of God, Major Prophets, and even some physicists are shown to clearly manifest these calligraphic effects. Sensitivities of these observations to changes in letter frequencies in Quran are so high that increase or decrease of even one letter and only in one chapter of Quran can completely demolish the calligraphic effects. These astonishing observations not only are extremely important and interesting in their own right, but also point to an immensely complicated and intricate super-intelligent mathematical design of Quran and reinforce "Mathematically Fully constrained Writing" or MFCW identity of this scripture and its consequences, as have been explained in the above article.</span>

Validation of a detector of response bias on a forced-choice test of nonverbal ability.

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard I. Frederick ◽  
Stephen D. Sarfaty ◽  
J. Dennis Johnston ◽  
Jeffrey Powel
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Nonverbal Ability

Correcting Two-Alternative Forced-Choice Data for Response Bias

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Choice Data

A method for correcting two-alternative forced-choice data for response bias is presented which requires only a table of integrals of a normal distribution.

scholarly journals Assessing the Influence of Reversed Items and Force-Choice on the Work and Meaning Inventory [Evaluación de la influencia de los ítems invertidos y de elección forzosa en el Inventario de trabajo significativo]

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Maria da Glória Lima Leonardo ◽  
Michelle Morelo Pereira ◽  
Felipe Valentini ◽  
Clarissa Pinto Pizarro de Freitas ◽  
Michael F. Steger
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Organizational Psychology ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
Positive Organizational Psychology ◽  
Latent Dimension

AbstractResponse biases are issues in inventories in positive organizational psychology. The study aims to control the response bias in the assessment of meaning of work through two methods: reversed key items and forced-choice format. The sample consisted of 351 professionals; women constituted 60.0 % of the sample. The participants answered two versions of the instrument for meaning of work: Likert-type items and forced-choice. For both versions, the unifactorial model was the most appropriate for the data available. The results indicate that the random intercepts model fit the Likert data (CFI = .92), as well as the forced-choice model (CFI = .97). Besides, the latent dimension of the forced-choice version did not correlate with acquiescence index (r < .08; p > .05), and approximately 20 % of the variance of the items might be due to the method (Likert or forced-choice). The present study illustrates the importance of response bias control in self-report instruments. ResumenLos sesgos de respuesta son problemas en los inventarios de la psicología organizacional positiva. El estudio tiene como objetivo controlar el sesgo de respuesta en la eva­luación del trabajo significativo a través de dos métodos: ítems clave invertidos y formato de elección forzosa. La muestra estuvo formada por 351 profesionales; las muje­res constituyeron el 60.0 % de la muestra. Los participan­tes respondieron dos versiones del instrumento de signifi­cado del trabajo: ítems tipo Likert y elección forzosa. Para ambas versiones, el modelo unifactorial fue el más apro­piado para los datos disponibles. Los resultados indican que el modelo de intersecciones aleatorias se ajusta a los datos Likert (CFI = .92), así como al modelo de elección forzada (CFI = .97). Además, la dimensión latente de la versión de elección forzada no se correlacionó con el ín­dice de aquiescencia (r < .08; p > .05), y aproximada­mente el 20 % de la varianza de los ítems podría deberse al método (Likert o forzado). elección). El presente estu­dio ilustra la importancia del control del sesgo de res­puesta en los instrumentos de autoinforme.

scholarly journals Problems associated with the use of the term “antibiotics”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Seifert ◽  
Bastian Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Entire Field ◽  
Narrow Spectrum ◽  
Drug Classes

AbstractThe term “antibiotics” is a broadly used misnomer to designate antibacterial drugs. In a recent article, we have proposed to replace, e.g., the term “antibiotics” by “antibacterial drugs”, “antibiosis” by “antibacterial therapy”, “antibiogram” by “antibacteriogram”, and “antibiotic stewardship” by “antibacterial stewardship” (Seifert and Schirmer Trends Microbiol, 2021). In the present article, we show that many traditional terms related to antibiotics are used much more widely in the biomedical literature than the respective scientifically precise terms. This practice should be stopped. Moreover, we provide arguments to end the use of other broadly used terms in the biomedical literature such as “narrow-spectrum antibiotics” and “reserve antibiotics”, “chemotherapeutics”, and “tuberculostatics”. Finally, we provide several examples showing that antibacterial drugs are used for non-antibacterial indications and that some non-antibacterial drugs are used for antibacterial indications now. Thus, the increasing importance of drug repurposing renders it important to drop short designations of drug classes such as “antibiotics”. Rather, the term “drug” should be explicitly used, facilitating the inclusion of newly emerging indications such as antipsychotic and anti-inflammatory. This article is part of an effort to implement a new rational nomenclature of drug classes across the entire field of pharmacology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document