The Role of Married Women's Labor Supply on Family Earnings Distribution in Japan

2007 ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Yukiko Abe ◽  
Akiko S. Oishi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
The United States ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Earnings Distribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women’S Labor Supply

In this article, we empirically examine the impact of wives' participation in the labor market on family earnings inequality, by paying attention to the dynamic aspect of labor supply by wives. We find that wives' earnings have a moderate equalizing effect on family earnings inequality. Unlike in the United States, cohort effects in earnings inequality are relatively small in Japan. The correlation between husbands' and wives' earnings is small for almost every cohort in our cross-sectional data. The analysis of panel data suggests that married women's employment has a strong persistence, which has a significant impact on the level of family earnings.

scholarly journals Shocking Labor Supply: A Reassessment of the Role of World War II on Women's Labor Supply

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Goldin ◽  
Claudia Olivetti
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women’S Labor Supply

The most prominent feature of the female labor force across the past hundred years is its enormous growth. But many believe that the increase was discontinuous. Our purpose is to identify the short- and long-run impacts of WWII on the labor supply of women who were currently married in 1950 and 1960. Using WWII mobilization rates by state, we find a wartime impact on weeks worked and the labor force participation of married white (non-farm) women in both 1950 and 1960. The impact, moreover, was experienced almost entirely by women in the top half of the education distribution.

scholarly journals Taxes, Transfers, and Women’s Labor Supply in the United States

2017 ◽  
pp. 452-480
Author(s):  
Melanie Guldi ◽  
Lucie Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tax And Transfer System ◽  
Women’S Labor Supply

The US tax and transfer system generates revenue and provides safety net programs that move millions out of poverty. Since women are more likely to live in poverty, they are more likely to qualify for means-tested transfers. The structure of taxation in the United States often penalizes secondary earners, who are usually women. These programs alter work incentives and consequently may affect labor supply decisions. In this chapter, we examine the empirical evidence on the effects of taxes and transfers on the labor supply of women in the United States. We show that much has changed since 1990, with the biggest shift being a change from cash transfers via welfare to refundable tax credits to workers. Overall, the evidence we review shows women have higher labor force participation and are less responsive to changes in after-tax wages than they were before 1990, but the labor supply effects vary substantially by program considered.

scholarly journals Women's Economic Advancement in the Twentieth-Century United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-486
Author(s):  
MARTHA J. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women’S Labor Supply

The integration of women into formal labor markets was one of the most salient changes of the twentieth century. The “female century,” in the words ofThe Economist, witnessed an extraordinary transformation of women's opportunities and outcomes both in and outside the household. My dissertation explores both the causes and the consequences of women's move from home to market in the United States during three episodes of rapid change. It begins by documenting demand-side shifts during the 1940s that increased the earnings and occupational choices of African-American women; then demonstrates the impact of contraceptive technology on the extent and intensity of women's participation in the formal labor market after 1960; and, finally, estimates the consequences of shifts in women's labor supply for the growth of earnings inequality in the United States during the 1980s.

scholarly journals Examining the Impact of Legal Arizona Worker Act on Native Female Labor Supply in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Gunadi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Native Workers ◽  
Skilled Immigration ◽  
Skilled Immigrant ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLow-skilled immigration has been argued to lower the price of services that are close substitutes for household production, reducing barriers for women to enter the labor market. Therefore, policies that reduce the number of low-skilled immigrants who work predominantly in low-skilled service occupations may have an unintended consequence of lowering women’s participation in the labor market. This article examines the labor supply impact of the Legal Arizona Workers Act (LAWA), which led to a large decline in the low-skilled immigrant workforce of the state. The analysis shows no evidence that LAWA statistically significantly affected US-born women’s labor supply in Arizona. This finding is partly explained by an increase in native workers in household service occupations due to LAWA, which offset the decline in immigrants in these occupations and caused the cost of household services to be relatively uninfluenced by the passage of LAWA.

The link between coronavirus, anxiety, and religious beliefs in the United States and United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Rigoli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
The Impact

Research has shown that stress impacts on people’s religious beliefs. However, several aspects of this effect remain poorly understood, for example regarding the role of prior religiosity and stress-induced anxiety. This paper explores these aspects in the context of the recent coronavirus emergency. The latter has impacted dramatically on many people’s well-being; hence it can be considered a highly stressful event. Through online questionnaires administered to UK and USA citizens professing either Christian faith or no religion, this paper examines the impact of the coronavirus crisis upon common people’s religious beliefs. We found that, following the coronavirus emergency, strong believers reported higher confidence in their religious beliefs while non-believers reported increased scepticism towards religion. Moreover, for strong believers, higher anxiety elicited by the coronavirus threat was associated with increased strengthening of religious beliefs. Conversely, for non-believers, higher anxiety elicited by the coronavirus thereat was associated with increased scepticism towards religious beliefs. These observations are consistent with the notion that stress-induced anxiety enhances support for the ideology already embraced before a stressful event occurs. This study sheds light on the psychological and cultural implications of the coronavirus crisis, which represents one of the most serious health emergencies in recent times.

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