scholarly journals Streaming Potential Coefficient Measurements in Porous Rocks Saturated by Divalent Electrolytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luong Duy Thanh ◽  
Nguyen Manh Hung ◽  
Dang Thi Minh Hue ◽  
Tran Thi Chung Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Electric Double Layer ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Porous Rocks ◽  
Similar Form ◽  
Potential Coefficient ◽  
Rock System

Streaming potential in a water-rock system is generated by the relative motion between water and solid surfaces and is directly related to the existence of an electric double layer between water and solid grain surfaces of porous media. The streaming potential measurements have great potential in geophysical applications. Most porous rocks are filled by ground water containing various types of electrolytes. Therefore, it is important to understand the variation of the streaming potential with types of electrolytes for specific rocks. In this work, we have carried out streaming potential measurements for three consolidated rocks saturated by three divalent electrolytes at different electrolyte concentrations. The experimental result shows that the streaming potential coefficient in magnitude of all samples decreases with increasing electrolyte concentration. Additionally, an empirical relation between the streaming potential coefficient and the electrolyte concentration is obtained and it has a similar form to those available in literature for monovalent electrolytes.

scholarly journals Streaming Potential in Unconsolidated Samples Saturated with Monovalent Electrolytes

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luong Duy Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Effective Conductivity ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Formation Factor ◽  
Potential Coefficient ◽  
Silica Surfaces ◽  
Fluid Concentration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rock Parameters

The streaming potential coefficient of liquid-rock systems is theoretically a very complicated function depending on many parameters including temperature, fluid concentration, fluid pH, as well as rock parameters such as porosity, grain size, pore size, and formation factor etc. At a given porous media, the most influencing parameter is the fluid conductivity or electrolyte concentration. Therefore, it is useful to have an empirical relation between the streaming potential coefficient and electrolyte concentration. In this work, the measurements of the streaming potential for four unconsolidated samples (sandpacks) saturated with four monovalent electrolytes at six different electrolyte concentrations have been performed. From the measured streaming potential coefficient, the empirical expression between the streaming potential coefficient and electrolyte concentration is obtained. The obtained expression is in good agreement with those available in literature. Additionally, it is seen that the streaming potential coefficient depends on types of cation in electrolytes and on samples. The dependence of the streaming potential coefficient on types of cation is qualitatively explained by the difference in the binding constant for cation adsorption on the silica surfaces. The dependence of the streaming potential coefficient on samples is due to the variation of effective conductivity and the zeta potential between samples.

scholarly journals A study on the variation of zeta potential with mineral composition of rocks and types of electrolyte

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Luong Duy Thanh ◽  
Rudolf Sprik
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Physical Review ◽  
Surface Site ◽  
Porous Rocks ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Potential Coefficient ◽  
Electrokinetic Phenomena ◽  
Site Density

Streaming potential in rocks is the electrical potential developing when an ionic fluid flows through the pores of rocks. The zeta potential is a key parameter of streaming potential and it depends on many parameters such as the mineral composition of rocks, fluid properties, temperature etc. Therefore, the zeta potential is different for various rocks and liquids. In this work, streaming potential measurements are performed for five rock samples saturated with six different monovalent electrolytes. From streaming potential coefficients, the zeta potential is deduced. The experimental results are then explained by a theoretical model. From the model, the surface site density for different rocks and the binding constant for different cations are found and they are in good agreement with those reported in literature. The result also shows that (1) the surface site density of Bentheim sandstone mostly composed of silica is the largest of five rock samples; (2) the binding constant is almost the same for a given cation but it increases in the order KMe(Na+) < KMe(K+) < KMe(Cs+) for a given rock.References Corwin R. F., Hoovert D.B., 1979. The self-potential method in geothermal exploration. Geophysics 44, 226-245. Dove P.M., Rimstidt J.D., 1994. Silica-Water Interactions. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 29, 259-308. Glover P.W.J., Walker E., Jackson M., 2012. Streaming-potential coefficient of reservoir rock: A theoretical model. Geophysics, 77, D17-D43. Ishido T. and Mizutani H., 1981. Experimental and theoretical basis of electrokinetic phenomena in rock-water systems and its applications to geophysics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86, 1763-1775. Jackson M., Butler A., Vinogradov J., 2012. Measurements of spontaneous potential in chalk with application to aquifer characterization in the southern UK: Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology, 45, 457-471. Jouniaux L. and T. Ishido, 2012. International Journal of Geophysics. Article ID 286107, 16p. Doi:10.1155/2012/286107. Kim S.S., Kim H.S., Kim S.G., Kim W.S., 2004. Effect of electrolyte additives on sol-precipitated nano silica particles. Ceramics International 30, 171-175. Kirby B.J. and Hasselbrink E.F., 2004. Zeta potential of microfluidic substrates: 1. Theory, experimental techniques, and effects on separations. Electrophoresis, 25, 187-202. Kosmulski M., and Dahlsten D., 2006. High ionic strength electrokinetics of clay minerals. Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicocemical and Engineering Aspects, 291, 212-218. Lide D.R., 2009, Handbook of chemistry and physics, 90th edition: CRC Press. Luong Duy Thanh, 2014. Electrokinetics in porous media, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Luong Duy Thanh and Sprik R., 2016a. Zeta potential in porous rocks in contact with monovalent and divalent electrolyte aqueous solutions, Geophysics, 81, D303-D314. Luong Duy Thanh and Sprik R., 2016b. Permeability dependence of streaming potential coefficient in porous media. Geophysical Prospecting, 64, 714-725. Luong Duy Thanh and Sprik R., 2016c. Laboratory Measurement of Microstructure Parameters of Porous Rocks. VNU Journal of Science: Mathematics-Physics 32, 22-33. Mizutani H., Ishido T., Yokokura T., Ohnishi S., 1976. Electrokinetic phenomena associated with earthquakes. Geophysical Research Letters, 3, 365-368. Ogilvy A.A., Ayed M.A., Bogoslovsky V.A., 1969. Geophysical studies of water leakage from reservoirs. Geophysical Prospecting, 17, 36-62. Onsager L., 1931. Reciprocal relations in irreversible processes. I. Physical Review, 37, 405-426. Revil A. and Glover P.W.J., 1997. Theory of ionic-surface electrical conduction in porous media. Physical Review B, 55, 1757-1773. Scales P.J., 1990. Electrokinetics of the muscovite mica-aqueous solution interface. Langmuir, 6, 582-589. Behrens S.H. and Grier D.G., 2001. The charge of glass and silica surfaces. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 115, 6716-6721. Stern O., 1924. Zurtheorieder electrolytischendoppelschist. Z. Elektrochem, 30, 508-516. Tchistiakov A.A., 2000. Physico-chemical aspects of clay migration and injectivity decrease of geothermal clastic reservoirs: Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, 3087-3095. Wurmstich B., Morgan F.D., 1994. Modeling of streaming potential responses caused by oil well pumping. Geophysics, 59, 46-56. 

scholarly journals Electro-Osmotic Behavior of Polymeric Cation-Exchange Membranes in Ethanol-Water Solutions

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
V. María Barragán ◽  
Juan P. G. Villaluenga ◽  
Víctor Morales-Villarejo ◽  
M. Amparo Izquierdo-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Joule Effect ◽  
Potential Coefficient ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Onsager Reciprocity ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Reciprocity Relations

The aim of this work is to apply linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics to study the electrokinetic properties of three cation-exchange membranes of different structures in ethanol-water electrolyte solutions. To this end, liquid uptake and electro-osmotic permeability were estimated with potassium chloride ethanol-water solutions with different ethanol proportions as solvent. Current–voltage curves were also measured for each membrane system to estimate the energy dissipation due to the Joule effect. Considering the Onsager reciprocity relations, the streaming potential coefficient was discussed in terms of ethanol content of the solutions and the membrane structure. The results showed that more porous heterogeneous membrane presented lower values of liquid uptake and streaming potential coefficient with increasing ethanol content. Denser homogeneous membrane showed higher values for both, solvent uptake and streaming coefficient for intermediate content of ethanol.

Toward phenomenological universality of the mechanical behavior of arbitrarily anisotropic porous rocks

Geophysics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. WA167-WA183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick N. J. Rasolofosaon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Porous Rocks ◽  
Porous Network ◽  
Hooke’S Law ◽  
Fluid Content ◽  
Elastic Hysteresis ◽  
Hydraulic Hysteresis ◽  
Hooke's Law

The great diversity of the microstructures of rocks impedes the use of a universal rock physics model with idealized geometry to correctly describe the mechanical behavior of rocks. In this quest for universality, by ignoring the detailed description of the causes of the observed phenomenon and only focusing on the empirical relation between the cause (applied stress) and the effect (resulting strain), phenomenological models such as the linear elastic Hooke’s law roughly describe the mechanical behavior of rocks of contrasted microstructures. However, in detail, numerous laboratory experiments covering broad frequency and strain ranges (both typically more than eight orders of magnitude) on various types of rocks have also shown deviations from Hooke’s law due to anisotropy, frequency dependence, nonlinearity, possibly with the presence of hysteresis, and poroelasticity. A phenomenological model has been recently proposed that synthesizes all these behaviors in a single model, but unfortunately does not integrate the porous nature of rocks. The new model is based on a reformulation in modified spectral decomposition of the previous work using the 7D poroelastic tensor linking the dynamic parameters (i.e., the six stress components and fluid pressure) and the kinematic parameters (i.e., the six strain components and the local increase of fluid content ζ). In addition to the elastic hysteresis of the stress-strain curves, the model also predicts the existence of a second hysteresis, or hydraulic hysteresis, of the curve fluid pressure p versus fluid content ζ, qualitatively similar to the first one. Indeed, the elastic hysteresis is due to the opening and the closure of some compliant pores at different stress levels. These pores represent possible access radii for the saturating fluid; the hysteresis in the geometry of the porous network also induces the hydraulic hysteresis in the p-ζ curves.

scholarly journals Saturation Dependence of the Streaming Potential Coefficient

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-100
Author(s):  
Laurence Jouniaux ◽  
Vincent Allègre ◽  
Renaud Toussaint ◽  
Fabio Zyserman
Keyword(s):  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Potential Coefficient

Seismo-electric Conversion in Sandstones and Shales using 2 Different Experimental Approaches, Modelling and Theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Glover ◽  
Rong Peng ◽  
Piroska Lorinczi ◽  
Bangrang Di
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Potential Coefficient

&lt;p&gt;The development of seismo-electric (SE) exploration techniques relies significantly upon being able to understand and quantify the strength of frequency-dependent SE conversion. However, there have been very few SE measurements or modelling carried out. In this paper we present two experimental methods for making such measurements, and examine how the strength of SE conversion depends on frequency, porosity, permeability, and why it is unusual in shales. The first is based on an electromagnetic shaker and can be used in the 1 Hz to 2 kHz frequency range. The second is a piezo-electric water-bath apparatus which can be used in the 1kHz to 500 kHz frequency range.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first apparatus has been tested on samples of Berea sandstone. Both the in-phase and in-quadrature components of the streaming potential coefficient have been measured with an uncertainty of better than &amp;#177;4%. The experimental measurements show the critical frequency at which the quadrature component is maximal, and the frequency of this component is shown to agree very well with both permeability and grain size. The experimental measurements have been modelled using several different methods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second apparatus was used to measure SE coupling as a function of porosity and permeability, interpreting the results using a micro-capillary model and current theory. We found a general agreement between the theoretical curves and the test data, indicating that SE conversion is enhanced by increases in porosity over a range of different frequencies. However, SE conversion has a complex relationship with rock permeability, which changes with frequency, and which is more sensitive to changes in the petrophysical properties of low-permeability samples. This observation suggests that seismic conversion may have advantages in characterizing low permeability reservoirs such as tight gas and tight oil reservoirs as well as shale gas reservoirs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We have also carried out SE measurements on Sichuan Basin shales (permeability 1.47 &amp;#8211; 107 nD), together with some comparative measurements on sandstones (0.2 &amp;#8211; 60 mD). Experimental results show that SE conversion in shales is comparable to that exhibited by sandstones, and is approximately independent of frequency in the seismic frequency range (&lt;1 kHz). Anisotropy which arises from bedding in the shales results in anisotropy in the streaming potential coefficient. Numerical modelling has been used to examine the effects of varying zeta potential, porosity, tortuosity, dimensionless number and permeability. It was found that SE conversion is highly sensitive to changes in porosity, tortuosity and zeta potential in shales. Numerical modelling suggests that the cause of the SE conversion in shales is enhanced zeta potentials caused by clay minerals, which are highly frequency dependent. This is supported by a comparison of our experimental data with numerical modelling as a function of clay mineral composition from XRD measurements. Consequently, the sensitivity of SE coupling to the clay minerals suggests that SE exploration may have potential for the characterization of clay minerals in shale gas and shale oil reservoirs.&lt;/p&gt;

Adsorption Processes at Solid Surfaces-Studied by Electrokinetic Investigations

2006 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Bellmann ◽  
Anja Caspari
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Multicomponent Mixtures ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Different Shapes

The process of electrophoretic deposition depends strongly on the electrokinetic properties and with it the surface properties of the material that will be processed. Different additives, conditioners but also the suspending liquid influence the surface of the applied material by adsorption. Electrokinetic investigations reflect changes in properties at the outermost solid surface very sensitive. Streaming potential measurements are especially suited for studying such changes of surface chemistry at solids with different shapes. Two approaches are applicable: 1. The adsorption process was done before measuring. The result of this process should be shown. In this case it will be interesting to see differences in the functionality of the solid surface. The zeta potential will be measured versus different pH value. 2. The adsorption process will be studied directly. The zeta potential will be determined versus the concentration of the adsorptive. The second approach can be used for investigation of adsorption of multicomponent mixtures. Competing adsorption processes are detectable.

scholarly journals Frequency-Dependent Streaming Potential of Porous Media—Part 1: Experimental Approaches and Apparatus Design

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. J. Glover ◽  
J. Ruel ◽  
E. Tardif ◽  
E. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Potential Coefficient ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Electrokinetic Phenomena ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Design Build ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Piezoelectric Drive

Electrokinetic phenomena link fluid flow and electrical flow in porous and fractured media such that a hydraulic flow will generate an electrical current andvice versa. Such a link is likely to be extremely useful, especially in the development of the electroseismic method. However, surprisingly few experimental measurements have been carried out, particularly as a function of frequency because of their difficulty. Here we have considered six different approaches to make laboratory determinations of the frequency-dependent streaming potential coefficient. In each case, we have analyzed the mechanical, electrical, and other technical difficulties involved in each method. We conclude that the electromagnetic drive is currently the only approach that is practicable, while the piezoelectric drive may be useful for low permeability samples and at specified high frequencies. We have used the electro-magnetic drive approach to design, build, and test an apparatus for measuring the streaming potential coefficient of unconsolidated and disaggregated samples such as sands, gravels, and soils with a diameter of 25.4 mm and lengths between 50 mm and 300 mm.

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