A note on a seed sterile nutmeg from the secondary center of domestication

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
B Sasikumar, K V Saji, J Rema

A unique nutmeg accession having normal fruit, but with rudimentary, sterile seed and finely packed mace having a human brain like appearance was collected from a farmer’s garden from the secondary center of domestication of the crop and characterized. Seed (female) sterility in a dioecious or emerging monoecious plant like nutmeg is hitherto not recorded and is a novelty. This unique accession is conserved at the germplasm conservatory of tree spices at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala.  

Author(s):  
Douglass F. Taber

Gang Zhao of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and Gang Zou of the East China University of Science and Technology devised (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 3129) an elegant catalyst for the direct enantioselective epoxidation of a simple acyclic enone 1. Ismail Ibrahem and Armando Córdova of Mid Sweden University and Stockholm University prepared (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 3114) 6 by combining three catalysts to effect the enantioselective addition of 5 to 4. Giovanni Casiraghi and Franca Zanardi of the Università degli Studi di Parma used (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 10291) a silver catalyst to mediate the addition of 8 to 7 to give 9. Keiji Maruoka of Kyoto University condensed (Nature Chem. 2011, 3, 642) the diazo ester 10 with an aldehyde 4, leading, after reduction of the initial adduct and protection, to the diamine 11. Christoph Schneider of the Universität Leipzig effected (Synthesis 2011, 4050) the vinylogous addition of 13 to an imine 12, setting both stereogenic centers of 14. In the course of the coupling of 16 with the diol 15, Michael J. Krische of the University of Texas established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 12795) four new stereogenic centers. By adding (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 10557) an α-nitro ester 18 to the maleimide 19, Professor Maruoka established both the alkylated secondary center and the N-substituted quaternary center of 20. Srinivas Hotha of the Indian Institute of Science Education & Research and Torsten Linker of the University of Potsdam showed (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 10434) that the readily prepared lactone 21 could be opened to 23 without disturbing the stereogenic center adjacent to the carbonyls. Allan D. Headley and Bukuo Ni of Texas A&M University-Commerce devised (Synthesis 2011, 1993) a recyclable catalyst for the addition of an aldehyde 7 to a nitroalkene 24 in water to give 25. Alexandre Alexakis of the University of Geneva effected (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 7212) the triply convergent coupling of 26, 27, and 28 to give 29 as a single dominant diastereomer.


2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Baggio ◽  
Carmelo M. Vicario

AbstractWe agree with Christiansen & Chater (C&C) that language processing and acquisition are tightly constrained by the limits of sensory and memory systems. However, the human brain supports a range of cognitive functions that mitigate the effects of information processing bottlenecks. The language system is partly organised around these moderating factors, not just around restrictions on storage and computation.


2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
M. H. Gokhale

AbstractData on sunspot groups have been quite useful for obtaining clues to several processes on global and local scales within the sun which lead to emergence of toroidal magnetic flux above the sun’s surface. I present here a report on such studies carried out at Indian Institute of Astrophysics during the last decade or so.


Author(s):  
K.S. Kosik ◽  
L.K. Duffy ◽  
S. Bakalis ◽  
C. Abraham ◽  
D.J. Selkoe

The major structural lesions of the human brain during aging and in Alzheimer disease (AD) are the neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and the senile (neuritic) plaque. Although these fibrous alterations have been recognized by light microscopists for almost a century, detailed biochemical and morphological analysis of the lesions has been undertaken only recently. Because the intraneuronal deposits in the NFT and the plaque neurites and the extraneuronal amyloid cores of the plaques have a filamentous ultrastructure, the neuronal cytoskeleton has played a prominent role in most pathogenetic hypotheses.The approach of our laboratory toward elucidating the origin of plaques and tangles in AD has been two-fold: the use of analytical protein chemistry to purify and then characterize the pathological fibers comprising the tangles and plaques, and the use of certain monoclonal antibodies to neuronal cytoskeletal proteins that, despite high specificity, cross-react with NFT and thus implicate epitopes of these proteins as constituents of the tangles.


Author(s):  
C. S. Potter ◽  
C. D. Gregory ◽  
H. D. Morris ◽  
Z.-P. Liang ◽  
P. C. Lauterbur

Over the past few years, several laboratories have demonstrated that changes in local neuronal activity associated with human brain function can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Using these methods, the effects of sensory and motor stimulation have been observed and cognitive studies have begun. These new methods promise to make possible even more rapid and extensive studies of brain organization and responses than those now in use, such as positron emission tomography.Human brain studies are enormously complex. Signal changes on the order of a few percent must be detected against the background of the complex 3D anatomy of the human brain. Today, most functional MR experiments are performed using several 2D slice images acquired at each time step or stimulation condition of the experimental protocol. It is generally believed that true 3D experiments must be performed for many cognitive experiments. To provide adequate resolution, this requires that data must be acquired faster and/or more efficiently to support 3D functional analysis.


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