scholarly journals SCREENING OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF MALVA PARVIFLORA LINN. FRUIT EXTRACTS AGAINST RESPIRATORY TRACT PATHOGENS

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
SHIV SHANKER GAUTAM ◽  
NAVNEET, SANJAY KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Serial Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Malva Parviflora ◽  
Tract Infections

Malva parviflora fruit extracts was subjected for extraction with different solvents and tested for antibacterial property by agar well diffusion method against five bacterial pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections. From this plant, all the studied extracts revealed inhibitory action towards tested microorganisms. Highest inhibition was in methanol and ranged between 15.3±0.28 to 20.6±0.57 mm with uppermost activity against S. pneumoniae and lowest against P. aeruginosa respectively. The MIC were fixed by two-fold serial dilution method and recorded for methanol extracts at 3.12-12.5 mg/ml. Phytochemical study revealed the variable presence of secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenes, saponins and tannins. From the results, it can be concluded that M. parviflora has significant bioactivity against tested microorganisms and can be utilized in drug development against respiratory ailments.

Molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from MDR-TB patients of Northern Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the most common and severe infectious diseases in developing countries. Acinetobacter baumannii is the bacterium known as causative organism for respiratory tract infections in human populations. The Report suggests that co-infection of Acinetobacter baumannii with Mycobacterium tuberculosis together increases health complications in multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) positive patients and creates fatal damage to the ailing population. In our study, 106 sputum samples of MDR-TB positive patients from Northern Punjab were studied. The isolation of A. baumannii from sputum of MDR-TB patients was done on selective media and initially screened by Oxidase and Catalase based identification followed by microscopic examination. Afterward, only ten suspected isolates of A. baumannii were again selected for further characterization for MDR by using Disc diffusion method. Antibiograms against number of antibiotics were accurately determined. Of these 10 isolates, 8 sample were found resistant to levofloxacin and subjected to molecular characterization using bla-OXA-51 primers. Only 3 out of 106 (2.83 %) isolates were confirmed as MDR strains of A. baumannii. These results show the coexistence of MDR A. bauminnii with MDR-TB patients of Northern Punjab, Pakistan. In Northern Punjab regions a higher percentage (3 cases) of MDR- TB were detected, which were co-infected with Acinetobacter baumannii among hospitalized patients. These findings may show unhygienic hospital environment or practices which leads to the co-infection.

scholarly journals Ritkábban előforduló, alsó légúti fertőzést okozó Gram-negatív nem fermentáló pálcák

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Emese Juhász ◽  
Miklós Iván ◽  
Júlia Pongrácz ◽  
Katalin Kristóf
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract: Introduction: Glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria are ubiquitous environmental organisms. Most of them are identified as opportunistic, nosocomial pathogens in patients. Uncommon species are identified accurately, mainly due to the introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in clinical microbiology practice. Most of these uncommon non-fermenting rods are isolated from lower respiratory tract samples. Their significance in lower respiratory tract infections, such as rules of their testing are not clarified yet. Aim: The aim of this study was to review the clinical microbiological features of these bacteria, especially their roles in lower respiratory tract infections and antibiotic treatment options. Method: Lower respiratory tract samples of 3589 patients collected in a four-year period (2013–2016) were analyzed retrospectively at Semmelweis University (Budapest, Hungary). Identification of bacteria was performed by MALDI-TOF MS, the antibiotic susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion method. Results: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was revealed to be the second, whereas Acinetobacter baumannii the third most common non-fermenting rod in lower respiratory tract samples, behind the most common Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The total number of uncommon non-fermenting Gram-negative isolates was 742. Twenty-three percent of isolates were Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Beside Chryseobacterium, Rhizobium, Delftia, Elizabethkingia, Ralstonia and Ochrobactrum species, and few other uncommon species were identified among our isolates. The accurate identification of this species is obligatory, while most of them show intrinsic resistance to aminoglycosides. Resistance to ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam and carbapenems was frequently observed also. Conclusions: Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were found to be the most effective antibiotic agents. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(1): 23–30.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility of Streptococcus Pyogenes Isolated from Respiratory Tract Infections in Dakar, Senegal

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. MBI.S12996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makhtar Camara ◽  
Assane Dieng ◽  
Cheikh Saad Bouh Boye
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Group A ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Standard Disk

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is one of the major causes of respiratory tract infections. The objectives of this study were to identify isolates of S. pyogenes obtained from respiratory tract infections, and to assess their susceptibility to several antibiotics. A total of 40 strains were isolated and their susceptibility to 17 antibiotics was tested using a standard disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the E-test. All isolates were sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics including penicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalosporins. Macrolides remain active with the exception of spiramycin, which showed reduced susceptibility. Out of the 40 isolates, 100% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Interestingly, isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, teicoplanin, vancomycine, and levofloxacin, providing potential alternative choices of treatment against infections with S. pyogenes.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Gram-Negative Bacteria Causing Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Hyderabad, Sindh

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Ghulam Maka ◽  
Samreen Shah ◽  
Shaista Bano ◽  
Sarfraz Ali Tunio
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are important clinical problems and among the commonest infectious diseases throughout the world. Several factors including gender, age and season have been shown to influence the prevalence rates of RTIs. The current study aimed to isolate and identify bacteria causing of upper respiratory tract (URT) infections and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolated bacteria. A total of 201 sputum and swab samples were collected from patients from August 2015 to March 2016 and investigated for Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The antibiotic sensitivity of isolated bacteria was performed using Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method. Isolation and identification of the bacteria were carried out using conventional methods including microscopic, cultural and biochemical testing. Out of 201 samples, 29.85% (n=60) yielded bacterial growth in which 20.9% (n=42) belonged to male while 8.96% (n=18) were from female patients. Among the isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent bacteria accounting 48.33% (n=29), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 45% (n=27) and E. coli 6.67% (n=04). The data of antibiotic susceptibility profiling demonstrated that Cefoperazone sulbactam, Meropenem, Piperacillin Tazobactam and Amikacin were highly effective against all isolated bacteria. However, Ampicillin, Cephradine, Ofloxacin and Co-trimoxazole were found the least effective antibiotics against all isolated bacteria. In summary, an increasing trend in the resistance against antibiotics which are more frequently prescribed, such as Cephradine, Ampicillin and Co-trimoxazole was observed. Therefore, a continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance trends of pathogens is needed to ensure appropriate recommendations for the treatment of the URTIs.

scholarly journals Bronchopulmonary Disposition of the Ketolide Telithromycin (HMR 3647)

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 3104-3108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudette Muller-Serieys ◽  
Paul Soler ◽  
Cathy Cantalloube ◽  
Françoise Lemaitre ◽  
Hai Pham Gia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Median Concentration ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Telithromycin (HMR 3647) is the first member of a new family of antimicrobials, the ketolides, developed specifically for the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Telithromycin has proven in vitro activity against both common and atypical respiratory tract pathogens. The penetration of telithromycin into bronchopulmonary tissues and subsequent elimination from these sites were evaluated in four groups (groups A, B, C, and D) of six healthy male subjects who received telithromycin at 800 mg once daily for 5 days. Subjects in groups A, B, C, and D underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage 2, 8, 24, and 48 h after receipt of the last dose, respectively. The concentration of telithromycin in the alveolar macrophages, epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and plasma was determined by the agar diffusion method with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as the test organism. The concentration of telithromycin in alveolar macrophages markedly exceeded that in plasma, reaching up to 146 times the concentration in plasma 8 h after dosing (median concentration, 81 mg/liter). Telithromycin was retained in alveolar macrophages 24 h after dosing (median concentration, 23 mg/liter), and it was still quantifiable 48 h after dosing (median concentration, 2.15 mg/liter). Telithromycin median concentrations in ELF also markedly exceeded concentrations in plasma (median concentration in ELF, 3.7 mg/liter 8 h after dosing). Telithromycin achieves high and sustained concentrations in ELF and in alveolar macrophages, while it maintains adequate levels in plasma, providing an ideal pharmacokinetic profile for effective treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections caused by either common or atypical, including intracellular, respiratory tract pathogens.

scholarly journals Characterization and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Shukla Promite ◽  
Sajal K Saha ◽  
Sunjukta Ahsan ◽  
Marufa Zerin Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

The study was aimed to characterize bacterial isolates from respiratory tract infections (RTI) and   investigate their antibiotic sensitivity profile. Selective media and biochemical tests were used to characterize 40   bacterial isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was conducted using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. About   42.5% (17) RTI patients were infected by Klebsiella pneumoniae, 30% (12) by Escherichia coli and 27.5% (11) by   Pseudomonas aeruginosa with no significant gender variation (p-value <0.578). Overall, 47% (out of 20) antibiotics   were sensitive, whereas 48% were resistant. Surprisingly, 18% P. aeruginosa and 20% K. pneumoniae were   carbapenem-resistant and 4 out of 7 cephalosporin antibiotics were highly resistant irrespective of pathogens. E. coli   showed better sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (78%) and levofloxacin (89%), while K. pneumoniae was insensitive to   cotrimoxazole (88%), gentamycin (77%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (66%). On the other hand, P. aeruginosa did   not respond to P. aeruginosa to nalidixic acid (60%) and ciprofloxacin (60%). This study concludes that   nitrofurantoin, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, gentamycin and piperacillin/tazobactam antibiotics could be better   alternative in treating bacterial RTIs.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 235-244, 2017 (December)

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Florfenicol against Bovine and Porcine Respiratory Tract Pathogens

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2703-2705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Priebe ◽  
Stefan Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Porcine Respiratory ◽  
Microdilution Broth

ABSTRACT Florfenicol in vitro activities for a total of 756 bacterial isolates from respiratory tract infections of cattle and swine were comparatively investigated by the agar diffusion method and the microdilution broth method. Florfenicol showed high in vitro activity against Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Streptococcus suis, with all of the isolates inhibited by ≤2 μg of florfenicol per ml.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document