scholarly journals Three-dimensional assessment of enamel and dentine in mouse molar teeth during masseter muscle hypofunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Balanta-Melo ◽  
Maximilian Bemmann ◽  
Viviana Toro Ibacache ◽  
Kornelius Kupczik ◽  
Sonja Buvinic
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
The Right

Background: Mouse molar is a widely used model for teeth development. However, the effect of masticatory function on enamel and dentine in adult individuals remains poorly understood. As reported, the unilateral masseter hypofunction induced by botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) resulted in mandibular bone damage and signs of unilateral chewing in adult mice. Objective: We aimed to assess the amount of enamel and dentine in the first molar (M1) during the unilateral masseter hypofunction in mice, using high-resolution X-ray microtomography (μCT) as threedimensional approach. Materials and methods: Mandibles of adult BALB/c mice, located either in a Control-group (without intervention) or a BoNTA-group, were ex-vivo scanned using μCT. Treated individuals received each one BoNTA intervention in the right masseter, and saline solution in the left masseter (intra-individual control). Enamel and dentine from M1 were segmented, and volume, thickness and mesial root length were quantified. Results: Enamel volume from treated side resulted unchanged after 2 weeks of unilateral masseter hypofunction. No differences for enamel volume were found between both sides of control individuals, and between these and samples from hypofunctional side in BoNTA-group. Enamel volume from saline-injected side was reduced when compared with experimental side (p<0,01). No differences in dentine volume, thickness of enamel and dentine, and mesial root length were found for any group. Conclusion: The amount of enamel in hypofunctional molars remains unaffected after unilateral BoNTA intervention in the masseter, but contralateral side showed reduced enamel volume. Therefore, increased functional wearing during unilateral chewing after BoNTA intervention should be considered.

scholarly journals A Novel Technique to Assess Rotational Deformities in Lower Extremities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Bakhshayesh ◽  
Ugwunna Ihediwa ◽  
Sukha Sandher ◽  
Alexandros Vris ◽  
Nima Heidari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moving Objects ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
New Technique ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Digital Technique ◽  
The Right ◽  
Im Nailing

Abstract Introduction: Rotational deformities following IM nailing of tibia has a reported incidence of as high as 20%. Common techniques to measure deformities following IM nailing of tibia are either based on clinical assessment, plain X-rays or CT-scan comparing the treated leg with the uninjured contralateral side. All these techniques are based on examiners manual calculation inherently subject to bias. Following our previous rigorous motion analysis and symmetry studies on hemi pelvises, femurs and orthopaedic implants, we aimed to introduce a novel fully digital technique to measure rotational deformities in the lower legs.Material and Methods: Following formal institutional approval from the Imperial College, CT images of 10 pairs of human lower legs were retrieved. Images were anonymized and uploaded to a research server. Three dimensional CT images of the lower legs were bilaterally reconstructed. The mirrored images of the left side were merged with the right side proximally as stationary and distally as moving objects. Discrepancies in translation and rotation were automatically calculated.Results: Our study population had a mean age of 54 ± 20 years. There were six males and four females. We observed a greater variation in translation (mm) of Centre of Mass (COM) in sagittal plane (CI: -2.959--.292) which was also presented as rotational difference alongside the antero-posterior direction or Y axis (CI: .370-1.035). In other word the right lower legs in our study were more likely to be in varus compared to the left side. However, there were no statistically significant differences in coronal or axial planes.Conclusion: Using our proposed fully digital technique we found that lower legs of the human adults were symmetrical in axial and coronal plane. We found sagittal plane differences which need further addressing in future using bigger sample size. Our novel recommended technique is fully digital and commercially available. This new technique can be useful in clinical practice addressing rotational deformities following orthopaedic surgical intervention. This new technique can substitute the previously introduced techniques.

scholarly journals Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of muscle contractures secondary to acute spinal cord injury in a young cat

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 205511692092264
Author(s):  
Robert I McGeachan ◽  
Tobias Schwarz ◽  
Danièlle A Gunn-Moore ◽  
Katia Marioni-Henry
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Thoracic Limb ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Right

Case summary A 4-month-old male entire domestic shorthair cat presented for sudden onset of right thoracic monoparesis following a fall; within 18 h, the clinical signs progressed to non-ambulatory right hemiplegia with absent sensation in the distal right thoracic limb and left hemiparesis. MRI revealed changes consistent with a C6–C7 acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion with suspected secondary C5–C7 spinal cord haemorrhage. Rehabilitation exercises were started immediately after the diagnosis of acute spinal cord trauma. Sensation in the right thoracic limb improved and, with the help of a splint applied to that limb, the cat was ambulatory on all four limbs. Unfortunately, clinical signs started to progress over the course of 10 days. The cat developed progressive discomfort on manipulation of the right elbow and carpus, and a hyperflexion of the right carpus. Radiographs revealed no skeletal abnormalities. Muscle contractures were suspected. Under general anaesthesia the triceps and flexor muscles of the carpus and digits were injected with a total of 100 U of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). No complications were associated with the procedure and 24 h after the injection the carpal hyperflexion resolved. Relevance and novel information The use of BTX-A to treat muscle contractures in human medicine is an established and increasingly used technique. For example, in subacute stroke patients with a non-functional arm, BTX-A forearm injection appears to prevent disabling finger stiffness, likely by minimising the development of contractures. Here, we demonstrate that intramuscular BTX-A is an effective treatment for acquired muscle contractures in a cat.

scholarly journals Botulinum Toxin Type A for Lumbar Sympathetic Ganglion Block in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjae Yoo ◽  
Chang-Soon Lee ◽  
Jungsoo Kim ◽  
Dongwon Jo ◽  
Jee Youn Moon
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglion ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ganglion Block ◽  
Relative Temperature

Background The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that botulinum toxin would prolong the duration of a lumbar sympathetic block measured through a sustained increase in skin temperature. The authors performed a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial to investigate the clinical outcome of botulinum toxin type A for lumbar sympathetic ganglion block in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Methods Lumbar sympathetic ganglion block was conducted in patients with lower-extremity complex regional pain syndrome using 75 IU of botulinum toxin type A (botulinum toxin group) and local anesthetic (control group). The primary outcome was the change in the relative temperature difference on the blocked sole compared with the contralateral sole at 1 postoperative month. The secondary outcomes were the 3-month changes in relative temperature differences, as well as the pain intensity changes. Results A total of 48 participants (N = 24/group) were randomly assigned. The change in relative temperature increase was higher in the botulinum toxin group than in the control group (1.0°C ± 1.3 vs. 0.1°C ± 0.8, respectively; difference: 0.9°C [95% CI, 0.3 to 1.5]; P = 0.006), which was maintained at 3 months (1.1°C ± 0.8 vs. –0.2°C ± 1.2, respectively; P = 0.009). Moreover, pain intensity was greatly reduced in the botulinum toxin group compared with the control group at 1 month (–2.2 ± 1.0 vs. –1.0 ± 1.6, respectively; P = 0.003) and 3 months (–2.0 ± 1.0 vs. –0.6 ± 1.6, respectively; P = 0.003). There were no severe adverse events pertinent to botulinum toxin injection. Conclusions In patients with complex regional pain syndrome, lumbar sympathetic ganglion block using botulinum toxin type A increased the temperature of the affected foot for 3 months and also reduced the pain. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Effect of botulinum toxin on quality of life of patients with chronic myofascial pain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edivaldo Miotto ◽  
Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ◽  
Aline Akemi Mori ◽  
Fabricio Pinelli Valarelli ◽  
Ricardo Cesar Gobbi de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Study

Aim: This prospective controlled clinical study aimed to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin Type A (BTX-A) on pain control and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic myofascial pain. Materials & methods: Patients with chronic myofascial pain were randomly divided into two groups (n = 20): counseling and self-care and Michigan-type occlusal splint (MOS) (CG-control group) or BTX-A injection (BTX-AG). The pain was evaluated with visual analogue scale and QoL with the oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Results: In both groups, the pain was reduced, and QoL improved after 30 days. The results of social disability and handicap were better for patients treated with counseling and self-care and MOS. Conclusion: Minimally invasive strategies and BTX-A application improved QoL and alleviated myofascial pain.

Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection on Lower Facial Contouring Evaluated Using a Three-Dimensional Laser Scan

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 2161-2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
WOO HYUN SHIM ◽  
SEUNG HYUN YOON ◽  
JU HYUN PARK ◽  
YOUNG-CHAN CHOI ◽  
SEONG TAEK KIM
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of the Spread of Local Anesthetic Solution after Ultrasound-guided Lateral Thoracic Paravertebral Blockade

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 1106-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Marhofer ◽  
Peter Marhofer ◽  
Stephan C. Kettner ◽  
Edith Fleischmann ◽  
Daniela Prayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: This study was designed to examine the spread of local anesthetic (LA) via magnetic resonance imaging after a standardized ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral blockade. Methods: Ten volunteers were enrolled in the study. We performed ultrasound-guided single-shot paravertebral blocks with 20 ml mepivacaine 1% at the thoracic six level at both sides on two consecutive days. After each paravertebral blockade, a magnetic resonance imaging investigation was performed to investigate the three-dimensional spread of the LA. In addition, sensory spread of blockade was evaluated via pinprick testing. Results: The median (interquartile range) cranial and caudal distribution of the LA relative to the thoracic six puncture level was 1.0 (2.5) and 3.0 (0.75) [=4.0 vertebral levels] for the left and 0.5 (1.0) and 3.0 (0.75) [=3.5 vertebral levels] for the right side. Accordingly, the LA distributed more caudally than cranially. The median (interquartile range) number of sensory dermatomes which were affected by the thoracic paravertebral blockade was 9.8 (6.5) for the left and 10.7 (8.8) for the right side. The sensory distribution of thoracic paravertebral blockade was significantly larger compared with the spread of LA. Conclusions: Although the spread of LA was reproducible, the anesthetic effect was unpredictable, even with a standardized ultrasound-guided technique in volunteers. While it can be assumed that approximately 4 vertebral levels are covered by 20 ml LA, the somatic distribution of the thoracic paravertebral blockade remains unpredictable. In a significant percentage, the LA distributes into the epidural space, prevertebral, or to the contralateral side.

Three-Dimensional Stereophotogrammetric Method of Quantifying the Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections on Masseter Hypertrophy

2012 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 376e-378e
Author(s):  
Jo Adriaens ◽  
Bram van Loon ◽  
Koen J. Ingels ◽  
Stefaan J. Bergé ◽  
Thomas J. Maal
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type

scholarly journals Prevention of hematomas in the induction of injection cosmetology interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
M. V. Zhuchkov ◽  
E. E. Bolshakova ◽  
D. B. Sonin ◽  
U. V. Zhuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hemorrhagic Complication ◽  
Hematoma Formation ◽  
Hemorrhagic Complications ◽  
Preventive Efficacy ◽  
Brimonidine Tartrate ◽  
Injection Procedure

The aim of the study was to assess the preventive efficacy of using topical brimonidine tartrate in individuals who underwent cosmetic cosmetology injections in terms of reducing the risk of skin hematoma formation at injection sites.Materials and methods. The study included 296 patients; the average age of patients in the study was 36.3 ± 7.4 years. The criterion for the inclusion of patients in the study was either the presence of indications for the use of botulinum toxin type A drugs, or fillers. Patients were divided into groups of preventive use of topical brimonidine tartrate and a control group. The evaluation was carried out to achieve the end for patients — the onset of an episode of hemorrhagic complication of the injection procedure.Results and conclusions. The study demonstrated a reduction in the risk of hemorrhagic complications in patients who underwent contour plastic with previous preventive prescription of topical brimonidine tartrate.

scholarly journals The use of Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of refractory chronic migraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Torres Oliveira Lemos ◽  
Gabriel das Chagas Benevenuto ◽  
Gabriela Guy Duarte ◽  
Bruno Alves Pinto ◽  
Ivan Magalhães Viana
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
Type A ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Refractory Chronic Migraine

Background: Chronic migraine is a neurological disorder described as refractory to preventive treatments. Based on the PREEMPT study, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the FDA approved, in 2010, the use of Botulinum Toxin type A (BoNT/A) to treat refractory chronic migraine. Objectives: To review the effectiveness of the use of BoNT/A in the treatment of refractory migraine. Methods: Bibliographic review based on PubMed database, using the descriptors “migraine” and “botulinum toxin”. Clinical trials, meta-analyzes and randomized controlled tests, from the last five years, were defined as inclusion criteria. Results: Sanz et al., (2016) infiltrated BoNT/A in 69 patients - mean age 43 years old, 88.4% women, mean infiltration rate was 2,0. The reduction of headache days and pain intensity was 48.5% and 20.5%, respectively, both statistically significant (p <0.006). Ion et al., (2018) intervened 61 patients - mean age 50 years old, 87% women, mean infiltration of 3.5. 73% showed a reduction greater than 50% for the frequency of migraine episodes, 48% for headache days and 48% for drug use. Dodick et al., (2019) applied BoNT/A in 688 patients - 696 received placebo. The severity and frequency of pain showed a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.001) after the first week of treatment in relation to the control group. Conclusions: The use of BoNT/A to treat refractory chronic migraine proves to be effective, although there is need for studies with larger samples to ensure its effectiveness.

scholarly journals THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ANAL FISSURES WITH FISSURE EXCISION AND BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A INJECTION (ISRCTN97413456)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Tkalich ◽  
A. A. Ponomarenko ◽  
O. Yu. Fomenko ◽  
K. I. Arslanbekova ◽  
R. Yu. Khryukin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Anal Fissure ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Chronic Anal Fissure ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pneumatic Balloon Dilatation

AIM: to assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A for chronic anal fissure.PATIENTS AND METHODS: the study included 80 patients randomized by random number generation in 2 groups. Forty patients underwent fissure excision in combination with injections of botulinum toxin type A into the internal sphincter (main group) and 40 – in combination with pneumatic balloon dilatation of the anal sphincter (control group).RESULTS: there were no statistically significant differences in the intensity of postoperative pain after defecation and during the day between the groups, p=0.45 and p=0.39, respectively. The groups were comparable in the complications such as perianal skin hematomas (p=0.84), external hemorrhoid thrombosis (p=0.1), urinary retention (p=0.46), long-term non-healing wounds (p=0.76). Transitory weakening of the anal sphincter was significantly more often in the control group. On day 30, the transitory anal incontinence in the main group was detected in 6 (21%), in the control group – in 18 (75%) patients, p=0.0002. On day 60, the weakness of the anal sphincter remained in the main group in 3 (10.7%), in the control group – in 10 (41%) patients, p=0.02.CONCLUSION: botulinum toxin type A and pneumatic balloon dilatation have equal effectiveness in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. The use of botulinum toxin type A can reduce the incidence of transitory weakening of the anal sphincter function in patients with chronic anal fissure.

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