Kidney Stone Disease of Non Gouty Origin in 264 Popes (34-2005 AD): A Historical Review

A total of 11 non-gouty popes out of 264 (4.1%) died of kidney stones (very probably calcium stones) between the years 34-2005 AD. The prevalence of kidney stones was lower than expected on the basis of recent population-based data. The discrepancy might be due to the changing nutritional habits. Causes of death included acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and stroke. The disease was highly recurrent in 9 of 11 (88.1%). Recurrences were observed 1 to 30 years after the first attack. Mean age at death was 63.1 years, much shorter than expected in popes. Clinically recurrent back-flank-groin pain emerged as a hallmark indicator of kidney stones in the narratives. It was sometimes associated with fever, hematuria, purulent urine and/or frequent urination and dysuria. Some popes were obese, sedentary, voracious and wine drinkers; others were lean, took long walks, ate frugal meals and practiced restraint when it came to drinking alcohol. They were cured with bed rest, diets, donkey milk, mineral waters, decongestant, purgatives, thermal baths, blood-letting, and surgery.

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Acute kidney injury in infants with hypothermia‐treated hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy: an observational population‐based study

Acta Paediatrica ◽

10.1111/apa.16078 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katarina Robertsson Grossmann ◽

Peter Bárány ◽

Mats Blennow ◽

Milan Chromek

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study

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Risk of Acute Kidney Injury From Oral Acyclovir: A Population-Based Study

American Journal of Kidney Diseases ◽

10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.12.008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 723-729 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Ngan N. Lam ◽

Matthew A. Weir ◽

Zhan Yao ◽

Peter G. Blake ◽

Michael M. Beyea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Population Based ◽

Oral Acyclovir ◽

Population Based Study

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Visceral obesity: A new risk factor for stone disease

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.3145 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (11-12) ◽

pp. 795 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ilker Akarken ◽

Hüseyin Tarhan ◽

Rahmi Gökhan Ekin ◽

Özgür Çakmak ◽

Gökhan Koç ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Flank Pain ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Introduction: We examined the relationship between stone disease and the amount of visceral adipose tissue measured with unenhanced computed tomography (CT).Methods: We included 149 patients with complaints of flank pain and kidney stones detected by CT, from August 2012 to April 2013. In addition, as the control group we included 139 healthy individuals, with flank pain within the same time period, with no previous history of urological disease and no current kidney stones identified by CT. Patients were analyzed for age, gender, body mass index, amount of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and serum level of low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride.Results: There were no differences between groups in terms of gender and age (p = 0.27 and 0.06, respectively). Respective measurements for the stone and control groups for body mass index were 29.1 and 27.6 kg/m2; for visceral fat measurement 186.0 and 120.2 cm2; and for subcutaneous fat measurements 275.9 and 261.9 cm2 (p = 0.01; 0.01 and 0.36, respectively). Using multivariate analysis, the following factors were identified as increasing the risk of kidney stone formation: hyperlipidemia (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.001), and ratio of visceral fat tissue to subcutaneous fat tissue (p = 0.01). Our study has its limitations, including its retrospective nature, its small sample size, possible selection bias, and missing data. The lack of stone composition data is another major limitation of our study.Conclusion: The ratio of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue, in addition to obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, was identified as an emerging factor in the formation of kidney stones.

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FO067ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND 1-YEAR MORTALITY AFTER COLORECTAL CANCER SURGERY:A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfy104.fo067 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. i47-i47

Author(s):

Charlotte Slagelse ◽

Henrik Gammelager ◽

Lene Iversen ◽

Henrik Soerensen ◽

Christian Christiansen

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Population Based

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Postoperative acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy and outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting: a nationwide cohort study

Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery ◽

10.1186/s13019-021-01704-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tak Kyu Oh ◽

In-Ae Song

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Renal Replacement Therapy ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Population Based ◽

Bypass Grafting ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Postoperative Aki

Abstract Background Previous studies reported that patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) after cardiac surgery were at a higher risk of postoperative mortality. However, the impact of AKI and CRRT on long-term mortality has not yet been identified. Therefore, we investigated whether postoperative AKI requiring CRRT was associated with one-year all-cause mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods For this population-based cohort study, we analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Service database in South Korea. The cohort included all adult patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease who underwent isolated CABG between January 2012 and December 2017. Results A total of 15,115 patients were included in the analysis, and 214 patients (1.4%) required CRRT for AKI after CABG during hospitalization. They received CRRT at 3.1 ± 8.5 days after CABG, for 3.1 ± 7.8 days. On multivariable Cox regression, the risk of 1-year all-cause mortality in patients who underwent CRRT was 7.69-fold higher. Additionally, on multivariable Cox regression, the 30-day and 90-day mortality after CABG in patients who underwent CRRT were 18.20-fold and 20.21-fold higher than the normal value, respectively. Newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) 1 year after CABG in patients who underwent CRRT was 2.50-fold higher. In the generalized log-linear Poisson model, the length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients who underwent CRRT was 5% longer. Conclusions This population-based cohort study showed that postoperative AKI requiring CRRT was associated with a higher 1-year all-cause mortality after CABG. Furthermore, it was associated with a higher rate of 30-day and 90-day mortality, longer LOS, and higher rate of CKD requiring RRT 1 year after CABG. Our results suggest that CRRT-associated AKI after CABG may be associated with an increased risk of mortality; hence, there should be interventions in these patients after hospital discharge.

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Subsequent urinary stone events are predicted by the magnitude of urinary oxalate excretion in enteric hyperoxaluria

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa281 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew R D’Costa ◽

Annamaria T Kausz ◽

Kevin J Carroll ◽

Jóhann P Ingimarsson ◽

Felicity T Enders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Stones ◽

Failure Time ◽

Population Based ◽

Accelerated Failure Time ◽

Urinary Oxalate ◽

Diagnostic Codes ◽

Time Modeling ◽

The Relationship ◽

Annual Risk

Abstract Data directly demonstrating the relationship between urinary oxalate (UOx) excretion and stone events in those with enteric hyperoxaluria (EH) are limited. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between UOx excretion and risk of kidney stone events in a retrospective population-based EH cohort. In all, 297 patients from Olmsted County, Minnesota were identified with EH based upon having a 24-h UOx ≥40 mg/24 h preceded by a diagnosis or procedure associated with malabsorption. Diagnostic codes and urologic procedures consistent with kidney stones during follow-up after baseline UOx were considered a new stone event. Logistic regression and accelerated failure time modeling were performed as a function of UOx excretion to predict the probability of new stone event and the annual rate of stone events, respectively, with adjustment for urine calcium and citrate. Mean ± standard deviation age was 51.4 ± 11.4 years and 68% were female. Median (interquartile range) UOx was 55.4 (46.6–73.0) mg/24 h and 81 patients had one or more stone event during a median follow-up time of 4.9 (2.8–7.8) years. Higher UOx was associated with a higher probability of developing a stone event (P < 0.01) and predicted an increased annual risk of kidney stones (P = 0.001). Estimates derived from these analyses suggest that a 20% decrease in UOx is associated with 25% reduction in the annual odds of a future stone event. Thus, these data demonstrate an association between baseline UOx and stone events in EH patients and highlight the potential benefit of strategies to reduce UOx in this patient group. Background Data directly demonstrating the relationship between urinary oxalate (UOx) excretion and stone events in those with enteric hyperoxaluria (EH) are limited. Methods We assessed the relationship between UOx excretion and risk of kidney stone events in a retrospective population-based EH cohort. In all, 297 patients from Olmsted County, Minnesota were identified with EH based upon having a 24-h UOx ≥40 mg/24 h preceded by a diagnosis or procedure associated with malabsorption. Diagnostic codes and urologic procedures consistent with kidney stones during follow-up after baseline UOx were considered a new stone event. Logistic regression and accelerated failure time modeling were performed as a function of UOx excretion to predict the probability of new stone event and the annual rate of stone events, respectively, with adjustment for urine calcium and citrate. Results Mean ± SD age was 51.4 ± 11.4 years and 68% were female. Median (interquartile range) UOx was 55.4 (46.6–73.0) mg/24 h and 81 patients had ≥1 stone event during a median follow-up time of 4.9 (2.8–7.8) years. Higher UOx was associated with a higher probability of developing a stone event (P < 0.01) and predicted an increased annual risk of kidney stones (P = 0.001). Estimates derived from these analyses suggest that a 20% decrease in UOx is associated with 25% reduction in the annual odds of a future stone event. Conclusions These data demonstrate an association between baseline UOx and stone events in EH patients and highlight the potential benefit of strategies to reduce UOx in this patient group.

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Defining Baseline Creatinine for Identification of Acute Kidney Injury in Population-based Laboratory Databases - A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study

Kidney360 ◽

10.34067/kid.0006082021 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10.34067/KID.0006082021

Author(s):

Henriette V. Graversen ◽

Simon K. Jensen ◽

Søren V. Vestergaard ◽

Uffe Heide-Jorgensen ◽

Christian F. Christiansen

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Creatinine Level ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Population Based ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Baseline Creatinine ◽

Creatinine Measurement

Background: The baseline creatinine level is central in the KDIGO criteria of acute kidney injury (AKI), but baseline creatinine is often inconsistently defined or unavailable in AKI research. We examined the rate, characteristics, and 30-day mortality of AKI in five AKI cohorts created using different definitions of baseline creatinine. Methods: This nationwide cohort study included all individuals aged ≥18 in Denmark with a creatinine measurement in year 2017. Applying the KDIGO criteria, we created four AKI cohorts using four different baseline definitions (most recent, mean, or median value of outpatient creatinine 365-8 days before, or median value 90-8 days before if available otherwise median value 365-91 days before) and one AKI cohort not using a baseline value. AKI rate and the distribution of age, sex, baseline creatinine, and comorbidity was described for each AKI cohort, and the 30-day all-cause mortality was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The study included 2,095,850 adults with at least one creatinine measurement in 2017. The four different baseline definitions identified between 61,189 and 62,597 AKI episodes. The AKI rate in these four cohorts was 13-14 per 1,000 person-years, and 30-day all-cause mortality was 17-18%. The cohort created without using a baseline creatinine included 37,659 AKI episodes, corresponding to an AKI rate of 8.2 per 1,000 person-years, and a 30-day mortality of 23%. All five cohorts were similar regarding age, sex, and comorbidity. Conclusions: In a population-based setting with available outpatient baseline creatinine, different baseline creatinine definitions revealed comparable AKI cohorts, while the lack of a baseline creatinine when defining AKI led to a smaller AKI cohort with a higher mortality. These findings underscore the importance of availability and consistent use of an outpatient baseline creatinine, in particular in studies of community-acquired AKI.

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A Prospective Study of Dietary Calcium and Other Nutrients and the Risk of Symptomatic Kidney Stones

50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know ◽

10.1093/med/9780190655341.003.0033 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 189-192

Author(s):

Michael S. Borofsky ◽

Vincent G. Bird

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Dietary Calcium Intake ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

A Prospective Study

This chapter reviews the results of an important observational study seeking to establish how, in individuals without a history of nephrolithiasis, dietary calcium intake is associated with the risk of symptomatic stone disease. The study found that the mean daily dietary calcium intake was lower in the group who formed stones compared to those who did not and that, after adjusting for covariates, high daily dietary calcium intake was strongly associated with decreased risk of stones.

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What is the relationship of stress to patients' kidney stone-related quality of life?

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.6652 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Colin Lundeen ◽

Jonathan R.Z. Lim ◽

Kymora B. Scotland ◽

Reza Safaee Ardekani ◽

Kristina L. Penniston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

General Stress ◽

Related Quality ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is decreased in patients with kidney stones at all stages of stone disease, even when asymptomatic. Stress is thought to contribute to HRQOL, although there has been minimal investigation into the effect of stress on stone-related quality of life (QOL). We used the Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life Questionnaire (WISQOL) to assess the relationship of stress to stone-related QOL in kidney stone patients. Methods: As part of the WISQOL Research Consortium, patients were approached in outpatient clinics and completed the WISQOL and the Perceived Stress Scale 10-item questionnaire (PSS-10). Patients with stones at enrollment were divided into those with symptoms and those without, while patients with no current stones formed another group. Questionnaire scores from each group were compared statistically and correlations between the groups were calculated. Results: Patients (n=704) were enrolled from six centers. The WISQOL successfully discriminated between patients with current stones and those without (p<0.0001), while the PSS-10 did not (p=0.0869). The PSS-10 revealed patients with symptomatic kidney stones experienced higher levels of general stress than asymptomatic subjects (p<0.0001). However, a Pearson correlation test comparing the responses from each instrument revealed no overall correlation between general stress and HRQOL (r=0.05). Conclusions: Symptomatic kidney stones increase general stress, as these patients demonstrate higher PSS-10 scores. Despite this, no correlation exists between general stress and stone-related QOL in patients with stone disease regardless of their stone and symptom status. This implies the existence of other factors impacting QOL in these patients, which warrants further exploration.

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