Development of a Cold Gas Spacecraft Emulator System for the TALARIS Hopper

ABSTRACT This paper aims at studying the reliability of a few frequently raised, but not proven, arguments for the modelling of cold gas clouds embedded in or moving through a hot plasma and at sensitizing modellers to a more careful consideration of unavoidable acting physical processes and their relevance. At first, by numerical simulations we demonstrate the growing effect of self-gravity on interstellar clouds and, by this, moreover argue against their initial set-up as homogeneous. We apply the adaptive-mesh refinement code flash with extensions to metal-dependent radiative cooling and external heating of the gas, self-gravity, mass diffusion, and semi-analytic dissociation of molecules, and ionization of atoms. We show that the criterion of Jeans mass or Bonnor–Ebert mass, respectively, provides only a sufficient but not a necessary condition for self-gravity to be effective, because even low-mass clouds are affected on reasonable dynamical time-scales. The second part of this paper is dedicated to analytically study the reduction of heat conduction by a magnetic dipole field. We demonstrate that in this configuration, the effective heat flow, i.e. integrated over the cloud surface, is suppressed by only 32 per cent by magnetic fields in energy equipartition and still insignificantly for even higher field strengths.

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Efficiency of thermal conduction in a magnetized circumgalactic medium

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/stab110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 502 (1) ◽

pp. 1263-1278

Author(s):

Richard Kooij ◽

Asger Grønnow ◽

Filippo Fraternali

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Thermal Conduction ◽

Large Temperature ◽

Gas Condensation ◽

Circumgalactic Medium ◽

Field Lines ◽

Gas Accretion ◽

Cloud Evolution ◽

The Magnetic Field ◽

Cold Gas

ABSTRACT The large temperature difference between cold gas clouds around galaxies and the hot haloes that they are moving through suggests that thermal conduction could play an important role in the circumgalactic medium. However, thermal conduction in the presence of a magnetic field is highly anisotropic, being strongly suppressed in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. This is commonly modelled by using a simple prescription that assumes that thermal conduction is isotropic at a certain efficiency f < 1, but its precise value is largely unconstrained. We investigate the efficiency of thermal conduction by comparing the evolution of 3D hydrodynamical (HD) simulations of cold clouds moving through a hot medium, using artificially suppressed isotropic thermal conduction (with f), against 3D magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations with (true) anisotropic thermal conduction. Our main diagnostic is the time evolution of the amount of cold gas in conditions representative of the lower (close to the disc) circumgalactic medium of a Milky-Way-like galaxy. We find that in almost every HD and MHD run, the amount of cold gas increases with time, indicating that hot gas condensation is an important phenomenon that can contribute to gas accretion on to galaxies. For the most realistic orientations of the magnetic field with respect to the cloud motion we find that f is in the range 0.03–0.15. Thermal conduction is thus always highly suppressed, but its effect on the cloud evolution is generally not negligible.

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Physical Chemistry of Cold Gas-Phase Functional Molecules and Clusters

10.1007/978-981-13-9371-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Physical Chemistry ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Cold Gas

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Development of Laminar Plasma Shielded HF-ERW Process: Advanced Welding Process of HF-ERW 3

Volume 3: Materials and Joining ◽

10.1115/ipc2012-90214 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hideki Hamatani ◽

Funinori Watanabe ◽

Nobuo Mizuhashi ◽

Sunao Takeuchi ◽

Yoshiaki Hirota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Welding Process ◽

Air Entrainment ◽

Plasma Jets ◽

Control Technique ◽

Monitoring Methods ◽

Line Pipe ◽

Temperature State ◽

Weld Area ◽

Cold Gas

High frequency - electric resistance welded (HF-ERW) pipe has been successfully used for many years for a number of applications. The benefits of HF-ERW pipe are considerable, including a higher dimensional tolerance and lower prices than seamless pipe and UO pipe. The conventional weld seam produced by HF-ERW, however, often has a relatively low toughness. We have developed an automatic heat input control technique based on ERW phenomena that relies on optical and electrical monitoring methods and has been shown to result in a significant improvement in the toughness. Shielding of the weld area must also be considered as a key factor in the formation of a sound weld. It has been shown that an inert cold gas (e.g., at room temperature) shielding technique is effective for maintaining a stable low oxygen state in the weld area that inhibits the formation of penetrator, a pancake oxide inclusions. Compared to the cold gas shielding technique, high temperature gas shielding, due to its higher kinetic viscosity coefficient, should make it easier to sustain a higher laminar flow, thus leading to a rather low air entrainment in the shielding gas. In addition, plasma is a much higher temperature state (∼6000 K), and the dissociated gases can react with the entrained oxygen; plasma jets should, therefore, enhance the overall shielding effects. Moreover, oxides on the strip edges can be expected to melt and/or be reduced by the high temperature plasma jets. Nippon Steel has developed a plasma torch that can generate a long and wide laminar argon – nitrogen – (hydrogen) jet. This paper describes the results obtained from our investigation of the effects of a plasma jet shield on the weld area of high strength line pipe with a yield strength grade of X65. Preliminary attempts in applying this novel shielding technique has been found, as expected, to demonstrate extremely low numbers of weld defects and a good low temperature toughness of the HF-ERW seam.

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Fabrication of aluminum–alumina metal matrix composites via cold gas dynamic spraying at low pressure followed by friction stir processing

Materials Science and Engineering A ◽

10.1016/j.msea.2012.06.066 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 556 ◽

pp. 114-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

K.J. Hodder ◽

H. Izadi ◽

A.G. McDonald ◽

A.P. Gerlich

Keyword(s):

Metal Matrix Composites ◽

Friction Stir Processing ◽

Metal Matrix ◽

Low Pressure ◽

Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Gas Dynamic ◽

Cold Gas

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Effect of a conical separation region on cold gas-dynamic spraying

Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics ◽

10.1134/s0021894412060193 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 948-953 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. P. Alkhimov ◽

V. F. Kosarev ◽

S. V. Klinkov ◽

A. A. Sova

Keyword(s):

Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying ◽

Separation Region ◽

Gas Dynamic ◽

Cold Gas

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Probing the cool ISM in galaxies via 21 cm H i absorption

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921313001014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (S292) ◽

pp. 188-188

Author(s):

J. R. Allison ◽

E. M. Sadler ◽

S. J. Curran ◽

S. N. Reeves

Keyword(s):

Spectral Line ◽

Active Galactic Nuclei ◽

Large Scale ◽

Galactic Nuclei ◽

Host Galaxies ◽

The Galaxy ◽

Early Type Galaxy ◽

Finding Method ◽

Compact Array ◽

Cold Gas

AbstractRecent targeted studies of associated H i absorption in radio galaxies are starting to map out the location, and potential cosmological evolution, of the cold gas in the host galaxies of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). The observed 21 cm absorption profiles often show two distinct spectral-line components: narrow, deep lines arising from cold gas in the extended disc of the galaxy, and broad, shallow lines from cold gas close to the AGN (e.g. Morganti et al. 2011). Here, we present results from a targeted search for associated H i absorption in the youngest and most recently-triggered radio AGN in the local universe (Allison et al. 2012b). So far, by using the recently commissioned Australia Telescope Compact Array Broadband Backend (CABB; Wilson et al. 2011), we have detected two new absorbers and one previously-known system. While two of these show both a broad, shallow component and a narrow, deep component (see Fig. 1), one of the new detections has only a single broad, shallow component. Interestingly, the host galaxies of the first two detections are classified as gas-rich spirals, while the latter is an early-type galaxy. These detections were obtained using a spectral-line finding method, based on Bayesian inference, developed for future large-scale absorption surveys (Allison et al. 2012a).

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