Three Dimensional Surface Redefinition Method for Computational Ice Accretion Solvers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Porter ◽  
David L. Rigby
Author(s):  
Kang Liu ◽  
Titan C. Paul ◽  
Leo A. Carrilho ◽  
Jamil A. Khan

The experimental investigations were carried out of a pressurized water nuclear reactor (PWR) with enhanced surface using different concentration (0.5 and 2.0 vol%) of ZnO/DI-water based nanofluids as a coolant. The experimental setup consisted of a flow loop with a nuclear fuel rod section that was heated by electrical current. The fuel rod surfaces were termed as two-dimensional surface roughness (square transverse ribbed surface) and three-dimensional surface roughness (diamond shaped blocks). The variation in temperature of nuclear fuel rod was measured along the length of a specified section. Heat transfer coefficient was calculated by measuring heat flux and temperature differences between surface and bulk fluid. The experimental results of nanofluids were compared with the coolant as a DI-water data. The maximum heat transfer coefficient enhancement was achieved 33% at Re = 1.15 × 105 for fuel rod with three-dimensional surface roughness using 2.0 vol% nanofluids compared to DI-water.


1991 ◽  
Vol 06 (39) ◽  
pp. 3591-3600 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROSI OOGURI ◽  
NAOKI SASAKURA

It is shown that, in the three-dimensional lattice gravity defined by Ponzano and Regge, the space of physical states is isomorphic to the space of gauge-invariant functions on the moduli space of flat SU(2) connections over a two-dimensional surface, which gives physical states in the ISO(3) Chern–Simons gauge theory. To prove this, we employ the q-analogue of this model defined by Turaev and Viro as a regularization to sum over states. A recent work by Turaev suggests that the q-analogue model itself may be related to an Euclidean gravity with a cosmological constant proportional to 1/k2, where q=e2πi/(k+2).


2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 126009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin Baum ◽  
Raimo Hartmann ◽  
Tobias Bischoff ◽  
Jan O. Oelerich ◽  
Stephan Finkensieper ◽  
...  

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