scholarly journals El comercio de los esclavos canarios en Italia a finales del siglo xv

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-224
Author(s):  
Alberto Quartapelle
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Moment

From the moment of the discovery, the Canary Islands have been the object of interest to Majorcans, Castilians and Portuguese, who saw in their inhabitants the opportunity to obtain slaves and make an easy profit. Thanks to the data collected by various authors and to new documents, the article reconstructs a synthetic picture of the Canarian slave trade in Spain and in Italy at the end of the 15th century. Special attention has been paid in their origin, destination, sex and age composition and in the structure of the sale price.

scholarly journals Anthropological Genetics Perspectives on the Transatlantic Slave Trade

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Fortes-Lima ◽  
Paul Verdu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Native American ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Anthropological Genetics ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
African Descendants ◽  
Genome Wide Data ◽  
History Of

Abstract During the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade (TAST), around twelve million Africans were enslaved and forcibly moved from Africa to the Americas and Europe, durably influencing the genetic and cultural landscape of a large part of humanity since the 15th century. Following historians, archaeologists, and anthropologists, population geneticists have, since the 1950’s mainly, extensively investigated the genetic diversity of populations on both sides of the Atlantic. These studies shed new lights into the largely unknown genetic origins of numerous enslaved-African descendant communities in the Americas, by inferring their genetic relationships with extant African, European, and Native American populations. Furthermore, exploring genome-wide data with novel statistical and bioinformatics methods, population geneticists have been increasingly able to infer the last 500 years of admixture histories of these populations. These inferences have highlighted the diversity of histories experienced by enslaved-African descendants, and the complex influences of socio-economic, political, and historical contexts on human genetic diversity patterns during and after the slave trade. Finally, the recent advances of paleogenomics unveiled crucial aspects of the life and health of the first generation of enslaved Africans in the Americas. Altogether, human population genetics approaches in the genomic and paleogenomic era need to be coupled with history, archaeology, anthropology, and demography in interdisciplinary research, to reconstruct the multifaceted and largely unknown history of the TAST and its influence on human biological and cultural diversities today. Here, we review anthropological genomics studies published over the past 15 years and focusing on the history of enslaved-African descendant populations in the Americas.

scholarly journals The Transit of Mary Magdalene’s Soul in Catalan Artistic Production in the 15th Century

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Elena Monzón Pertejo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Representation ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Mary Magdalene ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
The Moment

There are a great many studies on the figure of Mary Magdalene in different areas of knowledge. Nevertheless, there is a gap as regards the image of this character in Catalonia, and specifically regarding the visual representation of her soul at the moment when she died. This text aims to analyze this matter based on two Catalan altarpieces: the Altarpiece of Saint Mary Magdalene from Perella (Bernat Martorell, 1437–1453) and The Death of Mary Magdalene (Jaume Huguet, 1465–1480). The analysis has been carried out based on the postulates from the tradition of studies on iconography and iconology: the relationships between image and text, the history of the iconographic types and the magnetic power of images. The basic hypothesis is that the representation of Mary Magdalene’s soul in the 15th Century in Catalonia is visually borrowed from the iconographic type of the Dormition of the Mother of God. To test this, comparative analyses have been made of the visual representation of the two women and also of the textual sources, such as the canonical and extracanonical gospels, a variety of medieval legends and different hagiographies or vitas and sermons from the period.

Heritage conservation in the Canary Islands, Spain: the Guayadeque Archaeological Park and other proposed parks

Antiquity ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (238) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Initial Settlement ◽  
Special Value ◽  
Important Evidence

The Canary Isles, scattered in the Atlantic off the Sahara coastline of southern Morocco, have a remarkable archaeological heritage. Initial settlement, for which mummified bodies from caves are important evidence, relates to the Berbers of the Maghreb, and the islands' distinctive culture was not overwhelmed until the European impact of the 15th century AD. Explanation is given of the special value of Canarian archaeology, and of the efforts now being made more properly to protect it.

The impact of human activities on the natural environment of the Canary Islands (Spain) during the pre-Hispanic stage (3rd–2nd Century BC to 15th Century AD): an overview

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Morales ◽  
Amelia Rodríguez ◽  
Verónica Alberto ◽  
Carmen Machado ◽  
Constantino Criado
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Impact

Anne Rebecca Daoma

Exchange ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-387
Author(s):  
Henry Mbaya
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
African Woman ◽  
The Moment

Abstract This article outlines the progressive journey of Anne Rebecca Daoma in the Anglican Mission at the Cape in the years 1863 to 1936. Daoma was the first African woman from Central Africa, to be trained by the Anglican missionaries in South Africa. The article traces the life of Daoma, a Yao, from the moment when the Universities Mission to Central Africa (UMCA) missionaries set her free from the slave trade in Southern Malawi in 1861, and through some phases of her life at the Cape as a missionary and argues that colonial missionary life and culture fashioned her in becoming ‘Anne Rebecca Daoma’.

scholarly journals Eunuchs at the Service of Yemen’s Rasūlid Dynasty (626‒858/1229‒1454)

Der Islam ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-26
Author(s):  
Magdalena Moorthy Kloss
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract The significant roles played by eunuchs (castrated slaves) in Rasūlid Yemen have thus far escaped scholarly scrutiny. A systematic study of the historiographic and biographical writings of ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan al-Khazrajī, chronicler of the Rasūlid court at the turn of the 9th/15th century, reveals that eunuchs figured prominently both in the highest ranks of the dynasty’s political, administrative, and military hierarchy, as well as in the most intimate realms of royal households. The author, however, remains silent on the origins of these men and on the capture, castration, and deracination they suffered as young boys. In order to reconstruct the slave trading practices that supplied the Rasūlids with eunuchs, a late 7th/13th-century collection of administrative documents known as Nūr al-maʿārif shall be drawn upon. This source names an African export hub from which slaves were shipped across the Red Sea to Yemen, lists prices and taxes paid for eunuchs, and reveals that the Rasūlids actively interfered in the Yemeni slave trade in order to secure the most desirable eunuchs for themselves. Taken together, these narrative and administrative sources shed light on the eunuch institution in Rasūlid Yemen and on its role in sustaining the dynasty.

Violence in the Atlantic

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Frédéric Schaub
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Overseas Expansion

The shaping of an Atlantic world during the first two centuries of Europe's overseas expansion saw an increase in the use and intensity of violence. Conquest, beginning with the Atlantic archipelagos (Canary Islands, Hispaniola, Santo Domingo), led to massacres and the elimination of populations. The diseases that Europeans brought with them may have done the most to wipe out the Canary Islanders during the fifteenth century, and the Tainos during the first decades of the sixteenth century, but harsh quasi-genocidal actions contributed to the indigenes' demise. The burgeoning Atlantic slave trade was also an especially violent phenomenon. Captivity and slavery by no means began with the exploitation of Atlantic space but the global dimensions of the pressure on African populations, during the sixteenth and particularly during the second half of the seventeenth century, escalated the practice. This article examines the mass murder, religion and violence, violence and the judiciary, alliance, rape, racial and cultural hybridisation, and narratives of captivity and violence.

scholarly journals Estimated unit cost of the slaves in the second half of the 18th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Álvaro Pereira de Andrade ◽  
Ana Maria B. Sotomayor ◽  
Jorge José Martins Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Accounting History ◽  
Good Management

Previous surveys based on historical documents on the price of slaves from Africa have contributed greatly to accounting literature. However, most of these studies usually focus on the sale price of slaves in the colonies or on slave purchase prices in Africa. Therefore, no work has been observed in the literature relating to the effective or estimated unit cost of slaves, taking into account the total cost of all phases of the slave trade. This study aims to bring to the literature of accounting history an approach on the estimated unit cost of slaves based on estimated total cost of all costing phases of captive transportation from Angola to Pernambuco. This approach was found in a historical document dated November 12, 1758, written by the governor of the captaincy of Pernambuco - Luis Diogo Lobo da Silva. This document was written in fulfillment of the orders of the king of Portugal, D. José I, in order to prepare a list of ships capable of transporting slaves from Africa and the details of necessary provisions for the slaves, who would be sent from Angola to Pernambuco. Luis Diogo Lobo da Silva was governor of the captaincy of Pernambuco from 1756 to 1763, and he was recognized for his qualities as a good colonial administrator and for adopting good management practices in his work.

2. Pre-colonial political systems and colonialism

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Ian Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Slave Trade ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Politics And Government ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Impact

Pre-colonial Africa had a wide diversity of politics and government, all related to the type of economic systems practised. Hunter-gatherers practised a form of primitive communism, while elsewhere three broad systems may be identified: large centralized kingdoms and empires; centralized mid-sized kingdoms; and widely scattered chiefdoms. ‘Pre-colonial political systems and colonialism’ explains that political and social identities were generally more related to affiliations, such as sharing a common language, than to being an inhabitant of a particular territory. It also outlines the impact of the slave trade, which began in the 15th century, and the different types of late-19th-century colonial rule on the African people and their politics.

scholarly journals The Formation of North African Otherness in the Canary Islands from the 16th to 18th Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e012
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Santana
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Modern State ◽  
North African ◽  
Royal Decree ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
The North ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
North Western

The current study of the North Africans of the Canary Islands during the 16th-18th centuries represents a contribution to the question of the development of the Muslim stereotype in Spain. This population with origins almost exclusively in north-western Africa, an area known at the time as Barbary, was forcibly relocated to the islands. Most of the Old Christians at the moment of the Royal Decree of 1609 expelling of the Moriscos from the Peninsula declared that the Moriscos of the archipelago were good Christians and loyal vassals. The archipelago was hence the only area of the Spanish Crown where they were not expelled. Fear served the monarchies of new emerging modern state to secure power and fashion a proto-national identity that differentiated individuals of different cultures and religions. The Moriscos of the archipelago were therefore throughout three centuries one of the main collectives singled out for religious, political and economic reasons.

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