PERAN ELITE SUKU TENGGER DALAM PEMILU 2019 DI DESA ARGOSARI KECAMATAN SENDURO KABUPATEN LUMAJANG

This research focuses on the roles of the elite in the Tengger Tribe in the last 2019 elections, more precisely discussing matters related to authority and authority in the successful holding of the 2019 elections yesterday. This elite which is divided into several segments is a channel for the aspirations of the lower classes. The minimal knowledge of the Tengger Tribe regarding politics and government makes some actions and choices tend to follow the local elites. In this case, the elite in the eyes of Max Weber, dividing it into three types according to social relations. The three types are traditional authority types which in Tengger society are occupied by adat pandhita shamans, charismatic authority types which are occupied by Hindu religious leaders and Islamic religious leaders, and the last is formal legal authority type occupied by the Argosari village head. Concerning the 2019 General Elections, each has its own mass base in terms of the type of authority. Even though the village head, traditional shaman, Muslim and Hindu community leaders, do differ in their political choices, they still uphold democratic values along with their traditional values. Some philosophies related to democracy and elections according to the elite and the Tengger community are the same as the life guidelines handed down from their ancestors. Tengger Tribe living guidelines include, among others, Tenggering benevolence, Sesanti Titi Luhur, Disathru, and Hila-Hila which are instructions for democracy. The implementation of elections and democracy in peace will be realized when the Tengger Tribe people follow the guidelines of their ancestors. Thus, the motto adopted by the local community can be realized "Memayu Hayuning Bawono and Sepi Ing Pamrih Rame Ing Gawe”.

PERAN ELITE SUKU TENGGER DALAM PEMILU 2019 DI DESA ARGOSARI KECAMATAN SENDURO KABUPATEN LUMAJANG

This research focuses on the roles of the elite in the Tengger Tribe in the last 2019 elections, more precisely discussing matters related to authority and authority in the successful holding of the 2019 elections yesterday. This elite which is divided into several segments is a channel for the aspirations of the lower classes. The minimal knowledge of the Tengger Tribe regarding politics and government makes some actions and choices tend to follow the local elites. In this case, the elite in the eyes of Max Weber, dividing it into three types according to social relations. The three types are traditional authority types which in Tengger society are occupied by adat pandhita shamans, charismatic authority types which are occupied by Hindu religious leaders and Islamic religious leaders, and the last is formal legal authority type occupied by the Argosari village head. Concerning the 2019 General Elections, each has its own mass base in terms of the type of authority. Even though the village head, traditional shaman, Muslim and Hindu community leaders, do differ in their political choices, they still uphold democratic values along with their traditional values. Some philosophies related to democracy and elections according to the elite and the Tengger community are the same as the life guidelines handed down from their ancestors. Tengger Tribe living guidelines include, among others, Tenggering benevolence, Sesanti Titi Luhur, Disathru, and Hila-Hila which are instructions for democracy. The implementation of elections and democracy in peace will be realized when the Tengger Tribe people follow the guidelines of their ancestors. Thus, the motto adopted by the local community can be realized "Memayu Hayuning Bawono and Sepi Ing Pamrih Rame Ing Gawe”.

Political Thought in Portugal and its Empire, c.1500–1800

Showcasing texts by Portuguese and Luso-Brazilian authors, this volume demonstrates the wealth of the political thought of early modern Portugal and its empire. Gathering together important texts on social order, government, and politics by authors who made a significant contribution to the development of early modern Portugal, it demonstrates that Portugal was the setting for vibrant political debate, often shaped by, and emerging in response to, very particular assumptions, circumstances, and concerns. Combining a chronological approach with in-depth thematic sections, the book explores how some controversies that took place in Portugal centred on themes similar to those in other European countries, while others were linked to the specific nature and history of the Portuguese monarchy and its interactions with other polities. It thus offers an overview of the main debates on politics and government and contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the multifaceted history of European political ideas.

Email Newsletters: An Analysis of Content From Nine Top News Organizations

Email newsletters are increasingly popular delivery systems for legacy and digital-native news outlets. The newsletter embodies another level of gatekeeping, but little research has explored which stories make it through the email newsletter “gate” and into the subscriber's inbox. This content analysis of newsletter items ( N = 1,231) from select broadcast, cable, print, and digital-native news outlets provides a snapshot of the focus, subject matter, and style of daily newsletters. Newsletter subscribers generally are encouraged to link to the outlet's full-length online content on its website; however, not all outlets attempt to make personal connections with their newsletter readers. In general, the newsletters are largely filled with nationally focused stories on politics and government and mimic the style of their full-length counterparts.

PERAN MAHMUD GHAZNI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN PERADABAN ISLAM, 388-421 H/ 998-1030 M

The topic of this research needs to be investigated because at that time there were many events related to the description of the struggle of many Islamic figures in advancing Islam, especially Mahmud Ghazni. During the reign of Mahmud Ghazni Islamic civilization experienced rapid progress and during the reign of Mahmud Ghazni much progress in the fields of education and the economy. Mahmud Ghazni was a man who controlled Islam and had a lot of influence and power during wars and often won over his enemies until the caliph Al-Qadir Billah gave him the title Yamin addaulah which means people who are trusted by the government and Amin Addaulah which means trusted by the government. Mahmud Ghazni is known as a pious person and has a strong promise in the field of science and development. The problems discussed in this study are as follows. First, what is the general picture of the Ghaznavid dynasty in Islamic history? Second, how was the development of the Ghaznawiyah dynasty during the reign of Mahmud Ghazni? Third, what is the strategy used by Mahmud Ghazni in advancing Islamic civilization? In this study, the type of research used is qualitative research that relies on library materials that are relevant to the research theme, while the method used is historical research, which seeks to find out and make a systematic and objective reconstruction of past history related to the role of Mahmud Ghazni on the development of Islamic civilization (388-421 H / 998-1030 AD), by collecting, evaluating strong evidence to establish facts and get strong conclusions. The results of the research in this study are first, Alpataqin was the pioneer of the founding of the Ghaznawiyah Dynasty, while Sabuktaqin was able to form an established dynasty power and a wide area so that it was later recognized by Baghdad. Second, the government of the Ghaznawiyah dynasty experienced glory during the reign of Mahmud Ghazni who ruled for approximately 34 years. Its power can be used to expand its territory to reach the territory of India, to successfully conquer Peshawar, Kashmir, and Bathinda in 391-394 H/1001-1004 AD. Punjab was controlled in 1006 AD, Kangra in 1009, Baluchistan in 402-403 H. /1011-1012 AD, then Delhi in 405-406 H/1014-1015 AD. The vast territory and abundant sources of wealth make this country's economy very strong, so that it can be used for the prosperity of the country. First, Alpataqin was the pioneer of the founding of the Ghaznawiyah dynasty, while Sabuktaqin was able to form an established dynasty and a large area that was later recognized by Baghdad. Third, Mahmud Ghazni in advancing Islamic civilization in India, carried out several strategies to be able to achieve the heyday and progress of Islam. Mahmud Ghazni's strategy is to advance Islamic civilization in India by carrying out policies in the fields of politics and government, in the military field, carrying out several policies in the economic field as well as policies in the socio-cultural and religious fields.