scholarly journals Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) Recipients’ Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Treatment Outcome Nexus

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Ndebia ◽  
Emeka E. Obioha
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Death Sentence ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hiv Aids

In this study the relationship between treatment outcomes and antiretroviral treatment (ART) recipients’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards HIV/AIDS was analysed. The study employed the positivist paradigm, guided by the Health Belief Model in explaining the intricate relationship between disease, sick-role behaviour and the expected outcome of treatment. The target population comprised ART recipients at Mthatha, South Africa. This study made use of a purposive sample of 112 participants, inclusive of male and female adult recipients. The respondents in this study raised a number of positive and negative issues. The results of the study revealed a significant relationship between ART recipients’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS treatment, their view that taking HIV drugs is a waste of time, and the recipients’ results of HIV/AIDS treatment. This implies that a significant difference exists between those who have a better CD4, the same CD4, and a worse CD4, based on their knowledge about taking ARVs. The study did not establish a significant relationship between treatment outcomes and some variables of recipients’ attitudes towards HIV/AIDS, which means there is no difference between the recipients based on all the attitude variables. While a significant difference exists among recipients of different treatment outcomes (CD4 counts), based on their belief that “Having HIV is a death sentence,” no significant difference was found among recipients of different CD4 counts based on their beliefs, such as: whether HIV treatment prolongs life; if a traditional healer can heal HIV; if prayer can heal HIV; that HIV has serious consequences on health; and that practising preventive actions can reduce HIV transmission.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Analysis of HIV Disclosure Intention: The Implication of Duration of Diagnosis Knowledge and CD4 Counts Among Asymptomatic Treatment-seeking People Living with HIV/AIDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
A. O. Olaseni
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: The spate of non-disclosure among individuals diagnosed with Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus and Acquired-Immune-Deficiency-Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has continually been a primary global concern, especially in developing countries. Meta-analysis findings in Nigeria reported poor disclosure rates of 12.5% - 39.5%, which were far below the average disclosure benchmark of 79.0% standard stipulated for developing nations by the World Health Organization. There is no consensus regarding the roles of CD4 counts in disclosure intention. In Nigeria, there is a paucity of literature providing detailed understanding of the predictors of disclosure intention by the duration of diagnosis knowledge and CD4 counts. Methods: This study, therefore, investigated the implication of duration of diagnosis knowledge and CD4 counts in the prediction of HIV disclosure intention among people seeking HIV treatment. Longitudinal survey research designs were adopted. 390 participants were purposively selected to respond to HIV Self-Disclosure Intention Index (α=0.92), while information on CD4 counts and Duration of Diagnosis Knowledge was obtained from the selected respondents’ case files periodically. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to analyze data at 0.05. Respondents’ mean age was 39.5±10.5 years. Results: Findings revealed that the duration of diagnosis knowledge and CD4 counts interactively predicted the outcome of disclosure intention among treatment-seeking PLHIV. (χ2 = 12.78, df = 2, p < 0.001) and further showed that the likelihood of disclosing HIV positive status increases by 13% between Time 1 (OR = -0.49, p < 0.01; 95%CI = 01.14-12.74) and Time 2 (OR = -0.36, p < 0.05; 95%CI = 01.11-10.93). Increase in CD4 counts was also found to increase the likelihood of HIV self-disclosure by 15% between Time 1 (OR = - 0.84, p < 0.01; 95%CI = 01.09-03.06) and Time 2 (OR = - 0.99, p < 0.01; 95%CI = 00.29-03.06). Conclusion: It was concluded that the duration of diagnosis knowledge and CD4 counts have significant implications in determining the intention to disclose HIV positive status. The study limitations and recommendations were further discussed.

scholarly journals Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Assistance and HIV Treatment Outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Bradley ◽  
Abigail H. Viall ◽  
Pascale M. Wortley ◽  
Antigone Dempsey ◽  
Heather Hauck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Ryan White ◽  
Aids Program ◽  
Hiv Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Effect of community antiretroviral therapy on treatment outcomes among stable antiretroviral therapy patients in Nigeria: A quasi experimental study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250345
Author(s):  
Patrick Dakum ◽  
Juliet Ajav-Nyior ◽  
Timothy A. Attah ◽  
Gbenga A. Kayode ◽  
Asabe Gomwalk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Therapy Clients

Objectives This study evaluates the effect of Community Anti-retroviral Groups on Immunologic, Virologic and clinical outcomes of stable Antiretroviral Therapy patients in Nigeria. Method A cohort of 251 eligible adults (≥18 years) on first-line ART for at least 6 months with CD4 counts >200 cells/mm3 and viral load <1000 c/ml were devolved from 10 healthcare facilities to 51 community antiretroviral therapy groups. Baseline immunologic, virologic and clinical parameters were collected and community antiretroviral therapy group patients were followed up for a year after which Human Immunodeficiency Virus treatment outcomes at the baseline and a year after follow-up were compared using paired sample t-test. All the analyses were performed in STATA version 14. Result Out of the 251 stable antiretroviral therapy adults enrolled, 186 (75.3%) were female, 52 (22.7%) had attained post-secondary education and the mean age of participants was 38 years (SD: 9.5). Also, 66 (27.9%) were employed while 125 (52.7%) were self-employed and 46(19.41%) unemployed. 246 (98.0%) of the participants were retained in care. While there was no statistically significant change in the CD4 counts (456cells/mm3 vs 481cells/mm3 P-0.489) and Log10 viral load (3.54c/ml vs 3.69c/ml P-0.359) after one year of devolvement into the community, we observed a significant increase in body weight (60.8 vs 65, P-0.01). Conclusion This study demonstrates that community antiretroviral therapy has a potential of maintaining optimum treatment outcomes while improving adherence and retention, and reducing the burden of HIV treatment on the health facility. This study provides baseline information for further research and vital information for HIV program implementers planning to decentralize the management of stable antiretroviral therapy clients.

scholarly journals Immunovirological treatment outcomes after 2 years of antiretroviral therapy in children living with the human immune deficiency virus in Lagos Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
O. Nwaiwu ◽  
A.J. Akindele ◽  
A.S. Akanmu ◽  
O.O. Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Paediatric Hiv ◽  
Human Immune

Background/objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends routine assessment of antiretroviral treatment outcomes to detect  treatment failure early and prevent the development of drug resistance. The aim of this study was to describe treatment outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART) over 2 years in children living with the human immune deficiency virus enrolled in the paediatric HIV clinic at the Lagos UniversityTeaching Hospital (LUTH).Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study of antiretroviral treatment outcomes in 278 children receiving antiretroviral therapy at the paediatric HIV clinic of LUTH. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively collected from clinical records of pediatric patientswho received antiretroviral therapy for 2 years ( from November 2015 to December 2017) . Virological failure was defined as viral load > 400  copies/ml and immunological failure was defined as a CD4 count <100 cells/mm3 or CD4 % <15% after receiving antiretroviral agents for 12 months. Data was analysed using graph pad prism version 5.0.Results: After 12 months on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 101 (36%) had virological failure while 14 (5%) and 36 (13%) failed immunologically [CD4 count <100 cells/mn3 and CD4 <15% respectively]. Virological blips were observed at 24 months in 6.1% of patients while immunovirological discordance occurred in 30% of patients (poor virological clearance despite good immunological recovery) . High baseline viral load (>5000  copies/ml), poor adherence (<95%) and low baseline CD4 counts (101-249 cells/mn3) were significantly associated with virological failure, while low baseline CD4 counts (<350 cells/mn3) and poor adherence (<95%) were significantly associated with immunologic failure.Conclusion: The treatment outcomes observed in this study are similar to those reported in earlier studies. At 1 and 2 years of antiretroviral therapy , there was immune restoration however 101 (36%) and 87 (31%) respectively had virological failure despite good adherence to therapy and good Immunological restoration. This calls for early initiation and switch to second and third line drugs . Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine, virological blips, immunovirological discordance , children, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral treatment outcomes among foreign-born and Aboriginal peoples living with HIV/AIDS in northern Alberta

2014 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. e251-e257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Lefebvre ◽  
Christine A. Hughes ◽  
Yutaka Yasui ◽  
L. Duncan Saunders ◽  
Stan Houston
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Northern Alberta ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS and Psychosocial Ostracism: A view from Kashmir

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohmad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Death Sentence ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Literally the phrasal acronym HIV/AIDS would prove a leitmotif in this study. AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, and not everyone who has HIV advances to this stage. At this stage people are susceptible to opportunistic infections because of their damaged immune system. So a person progressed to too many opportunistic infections means he has AIDS. He also may show very little CD4 count. A person at this stage is bound to go for medical, salubrious, and therapeutic intervention to avoid the extreme results and death sentence. HIV epidemic has a well-documented and well understood progression. Untreated, HIV is almost universally fatal because it eventually damages the immune system—resulting in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV treatment (antiretroviral therapy) helps people at all stages of the disease, and treatment can slow or prevent progression from one stage to the next. As yet no vaccine or drug has been made by the medical sciences that ensure the complete eradication of virus from the body. The available drugs surely can stop the growth of virus, or lessen the multiplication of it. These drugs have been responsible for the longevity of the HIV infected.

scholarly journals Cystoisosporiasis in Apparently Healthy subjects and HIV/AIDS patients in Minna, Niger State

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
O. M. Abah ◽  
◽  
I. A. A. Ejima ◽  
I. C. J. Omalu ◽  
I. K. Olayemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Apparently Healthy ◽  
Hiv Aids

A random sampling and cross sectional study was carried out in General Hospital, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria using parasitological techniques to screen faecal samples for Cystoisospora belli. Blood samples of participants were also screened to determine the CD4 counts of infected subjects while Body Mass Index of subjects was determined to describe their nutritional status. A total of 783 individuals consisting of 317 apparently healthy subjects and 466 HIV/AIDs patients were screened for cystoisosporiasis. Out of the 783 subjects screened, 81 (10.34%) were positive for Cystoisospora belli. The infection was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in HIV/AIDs patients (12.45%) than in apparently healthy subjects (2.84%). The infection was more prevalent (6.69%) in males than in females (6.40%), (P < 0.05). The rate of infection in relation to age group was highest in subjects who were ≤10 years old (11.90%) and least in subjects who were 11 to 20 years old (4.24%). A significant difference in infection rate (P< 0.05) was found between the categories of subjects screened and age groups. The infection rate was highest (22.64%) in subjects who were nutritionally deficient and least (13.12%) in subjects with normal body mass index. Subjects with CD4 cell counts < 200 cells/µl had the highest infection rate (38.24%) while those with CD4 cell counts ≥ 500 cells/µl had the least infection rate (2.78%). Chi – square analysis showed significant difference (P < 0.05) in infection rates between the categories of subjects screened and CD4 counts.

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