The Ancient Egyptians’ “Religious World”: The Foundation of Egyptian Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Van Blerk
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Life After Death ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Way

The aim of this paper is to indicate the importance of religion in ancient Egypt and to indicate that this was the foundation for ancient Egyptian law. In order to understand ancient Egyptian law, it is important to understand the role of religion as background to its development. Religion played an important role in the ancient Egyptians’ understanding of their world, specifically the belief in maat. Religion, and specifically maat, influenced everything they did. Their whole life and the way they operated as a society was based on the principles of maat, since living in accordance with maat would ensure eternal life, life after death. It was essentially maat which made law necessary in ancient Egypt.

scholarly journals Civil Religion or Nationalism? The National Day Celebrations in Norway

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Pål Ketil Botvar
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
General Population ◽  
Civil Religion ◽  
Religious Nationalism ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Way

The Norwegian National Day (17 May, also referred to as Constitution Day) stands out as one of the most popular National Day celebrations in Europe. According to surveys, around seven out of every 10 Norwegians take part in a public celebration during this day. This means that the National Day potentially has an impact on the way people reflect upon national identity and its relationship to the Lutheran heritage. In this paper, I will focus on the role religion plays in the Norwegian National Day rituals. Researchers have described these rituals as both containing a significant religious element and being rather secularized. In this article, I discuss the extent to which the theoretical concepts civil religion and religious nationalism can help us understand the role of religion, or the absence of religion, in these rituals. Based on surveys of the general population, I analyze both indicators of civil religion and religious nationalism. The two phenomena are compared by looking at their relation to such items as patriotism, chauvinism, and xenophobia. The results show that civil religion explains participation in the National Day rituals better than religious nationalism.

Mathematical texts

2020 ◽  
pp. 1032-1040
Author(s):  
Annette Imhausen
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Knowledge ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Modern Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Techniques ◽  
Mathematical Texts ◽  
The Way

Approximately a dozen mathematical papyri have survived from ancient Egypt. Based on their script (but also their stage of the Egyptian language) they fall into two groups—hieratic and demotic texts. These papyri constitute our primary source material to learn about ancient Egyptian mathematics. Because of the procedural style that they were written in, it is assumed that they were used in teaching junior scribes the mathematical techniques they would need for their job; however, the procedural format may also have constituted the way of collecting mathematical knowledge at the time. It is only if this format is taken into account in the (modern) analysis of Egyptian mathematical texts that their sophistication becomes visible, and a deeper understanding of Egyptian mathematics beyond rudimentary similarities to modern equivalents can therefore be achieved.

Transnasal excerebration surgery in ancient Egypt

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Fanous ◽  
William T. Couldwell
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Transnasal Approach ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Transnasal Surgery ◽  
The One

Ancient Egyptians were pioneers in many fields, including medicine and surgery. Our modern knowledge of anatomy, pathology, and surgical techniques stems from discoveries and observations made by Egyptian physicians and embalmers. In the realm of neurosurgery, ancient Egyptians were the first to elucidate cerebral and cranial anatomy, the first to describe evidence for the role of the spinal cord in the transmission of information from the brain to the extremities, and the first to invent surgical techniques such as trepanning and stitching. In addition, the transnasal approach to skull base and intracranial structures was first devised by Egyptian embalmers to excerebrate the cranial vault during mummification. In this historical vignette, the authors examine paleoradiological and other evidence from ancient Egyptian skulls and mummies of all periods, from the Old Kingdom to Greco-Roman Egypt, to shed light on the development of transnasal surgery in this ancient civilization. The authors confirm earlier observations concerning the laterality of this technique, suggesting that ancient Egyptian excerebration techniques penetrated the skull base mostly on the left side. They also suggest that the original technique used to access the skull base in ancient Egypt was a transethmoidal one, which later evolved to follow a transsphenoidal route similar to the one used today to gain access to pituitary lesions.

scholarly journals Rola Nilu w kształtowaniu kultury starożytnego Egiptu

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Mateusz Żmudziński ◽  
Patryk Chudzik
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Cultural World

The role of the Nile river in the formation of the ancient Egyptian cultureThe aim of this paper is to describe the main points of the multifaceted relations between Nile and the culture and civilization of ancient Egypt. Both economic and cultural matters are indicated. The Nile fed, drank, irrigated the fields, served as a communication route, but besides, it went into the beliefs and cultural world of the Egyptians. The regulation of the rhythm of people’s lives, their social organization, cult behaviours, ritual hunting, ways of spending free time, or numerous works of art were connected with Nile. In fact, it is difficult to find anything in Egypt during the pharaonic era that was not connected with it. It has been a key factor in the lives of people in Egypt for thousands of years.

Mahmoud Mukhtar’s Pharaonic Classicism and Pedagogical Nationalism

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-100
Author(s):  
Alex Dika Seggerman
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Transnational Networks ◽  
World War ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Egyptian Literature

This chapter investigates the role of anticolonial Egyptian nationalism in the sculptural works of Mahmoud Mukhtar (1891–1934). Government-funded schooling transformed this farm boy into a heroic nationalist artist. His monumental artworks reflect Egypt’s membership in transnational networks of nationalist ideology and post–World War I artistic classicism. Though distinctly nationalist on the surface, these forms are fundamentally international, echoing the synthesis of nationalism and classicism in parallel interwar modernisms. To explore this transnational phenomenon further, I establish connections between Mukhtar’s use of ancient Egyptian imagery, known as pharaonism, to trends in Egyptian literature as well as to histories of sculpturally depicting fabric. In Nahdat Misr (Egypt’s reawakening), Mukhtar pointedly references ancient Egypt through a monumental granite sphinx but pairs him with a proud female peasant who symbolically lifts her veil. He subtly adjusts the classical referents for a modern, transnational audience. The broad use of these forms exhibits the power of ancient Egyptian symbols as centerpieces for public formation worldwide.

The New Egyptian Constitution of 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
Bawar Bammarny
Keyword(s):  
Arab Countries ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Way

Abstract Nearly 64% of eligible Egyptians had approved the new Egyptian constitution in a referendum. However, the new Egyptian constitution is very controversial. Some Egyptian politicians see this constitution as a major threat to democracy and call for a solution to reintroduce the Egyptian Constitution of 1971, although in the new constitution as opposed to the old constitution the way to absolutism and autocracy is blocked, mainly due to the limitation of power of the President. In particular the president is now elected for four years instead of six years and may be re-elected only once. The experience in Egypt and other Arab countries since their independence shows that the rulers never want to step down and wish to bequeath the Republics to their children. But there are several contentious issues in the new Egyptian constitution, in particular, about the role of religion.

scholarly journals Maat vs. The statue of Égalité: A critical analysis of Ataa Ayi Kwei Armah’s Wat Nt Shemsw: The way of companions

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-65
Author(s):  
Ọbádélé Kambon ◽  
Lwanga Songsore ◽  
Yaw Mankatah Asare
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Black People ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Rightful Place ◽  
Actual Content ◽  
The Way

In this paper, we endeavor to restore Mꜣꜥt ‘Maat’ as truth to her rightful place by challenging erroneous and demonstrably incorrect notions as they appear in Ataa Ayi Kwei Armah’s Wat Nt Shemsw: The Way of Companions. By cross-referencing Ataa Armah’s vague allusions to “ancient Egyptian” mythology with actual textual documentation from Kmt ‘Black Nation/Land of Blacks’ (so-called “ancient Egypt”), we will interrogate the assertions made about the myths of the kmt(yw) ‘Black people’. We find that where Ataa Armah’s statements are at odds with the texts of Kmt ‘Black Nation/Land of Blacks,’ it is necessary to bring this information to light so that the readers can learn the actual content of these myths for themselves. In conclusion, we find that to truly understand Kmt ‘Black Nation/Land of Blacks,’ Afrikan champions interested in restoring the truth of Mꜣꜥt ‘Maat’ must let the Ancestors speak without Eurasian interpreters or interpretations.

Reception of ancient Egypt

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-96
Author(s):  
Florian Ebeling
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
The West ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The history of reception of ancient Egypt deals with the perceptions and images of ancient Egypt in the West that emerged without direct access to ancient Egyptian sources, especially without proper knowledge of the hieroglyphs. It deals with texts, images and art as part of the history of ideas and with material culture as well. It is not about the question of whether these images and concepts correspond to the historical realities in ancient Egypt, but about the question of the way in which ancient Egypt was referred to, and about the relevance of this concept in the history of the West.

‘This heaped-up autobiography’: The Role of Religion in Elizabeth Bishop’s Poetry

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Marcel Inhoff
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Religious Poetry ◽  
Late Work ◽  
Teresa Of Avila ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Way ◽  
Religious Autobiography

This chapter examines poems from Bishop’s early, middle and late work. It focuses in particular on the way she uses landscapes, animals, other people and objects to characterize her speakers. The chapter argues that Bishop's reason for adopting this strategy can be found in her reading and understanding of a certain religious tradition, particularly various classics of religious autobiography, including those of St Augustine, Kierkegaard and Teresa of Avila, and the religious poetry of Herbert and Hopkins. This leads to a discussion of Baudelaire's role in her work, an aspect that has not been widely discussed in Bishop scholarship so far.

“Entrance Free—we are Looking Forward to your Visit!”: Public Events as Strategies of Legitimisation in Immigrant Religious Organisations

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Rückamp ◽  
Katharina Limacher
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
New Institutional Theory ◽  
Public Event ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Way

Public events by immigrant religious organisations are a fairly new phenomenon in European societies. This article analyses and compares two such events: Diwali Mela, the Hindu festival of lights, and the Open Mosque Day organised by Muslim umbrella organisations. Using basic concepts of new institutional theory, we will show how immigrant religious organisations adopt established event formats and translate them into their own context. Interestingly, different factors influence the way they present themselves and their religious tradition at the public event. Three of these factors are of major impact: the secular image of the role of religion in society, the discourse about Islam and Hinduism, and finally the organisations’ own religious concepts. We argue that the action generated out of this leads to the masking of two major aspects of religion: the rites and the believers.

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