scholarly journals Rola Nilu w kształtowaniu kultury starożytnego Egiptu

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Mateusz Żmudziński ◽  
Patryk Chudzik
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Cultural World

The role of the Nile river in the formation of the ancient Egyptian cultureThe aim of this paper is to describe the main points of the multifaceted relations between Nile and the culture and civilization of ancient Egypt. Both economic and cultural matters are indicated. The Nile fed, drank, irrigated the fields, served as a communication route, but besides, it went into the beliefs and cultural world of the Egyptians. The regulation of the rhythm of people’s lives, their social organization, cult behaviours, ritual hunting, ways of spending free time, or numerous works of art were connected with Nile. In fact, it is difficult to find anything in Egypt during the pharaonic era that was not connected with it. It has been a key factor in the lives of people in Egypt for thousands of years.

Transnasal excerebration surgery in ancient Egypt

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Fanous ◽  
William T. Couldwell
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Transnasal Approach ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Transnasal Surgery ◽  
The One

Ancient Egyptians were pioneers in many fields, including medicine and surgery. Our modern knowledge of anatomy, pathology, and surgical techniques stems from discoveries and observations made by Egyptian physicians and embalmers. In the realm of neurosurgery, ancient Egyptians were the first to elucidate cerebral and cranial anatomy, the first to describe evidence for the role of the spinal cord in the transmission of information from the brain to the extremities, and the first to invent surgical techniques such as trepanning and stitching. In addition, the transnasal approach to skull base and intracranial structures was first devised by Egyptian embalmers to excerebrate the cranial vault during mummification. In this historical vignette, the authors examine paleoradiological and other evidence from ancient Egyptian skulls and mummies of all periods, from the Old Kingdom to Greco-Roman Egypt, to shed light on the development of transnasal surgery in this ancient civilization. The authors confirm earlier observations concerning the laterality of this technique, suggesting that ancient Egyptian excerebration techniques penetrated the skull base mostly on the left side. They also suggest that the original technique used to access the skull base in ancient Egypt was a transethmoidal one, which later evolved to follow a transsphenoidal route similar to the one used today to gain access to pituitary lesions.

Mahmoud Mukhtar’s Pharaonic Classicism and Pedagogical Nationalism

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-100
Author(s):  
Alex Dika Seggerman
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Transnational Networks ◽  
World War ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Egyptian Literature

This chapter investigates the role of anticolonial Egyptian nationalism in the sculptural works of Mahmoud Mukhtar (1891–1934). Government-funded schooling transformed this farm boy into a heroic nationalist artist. His monumental artworks reflect Egypt’s membership in transnational networks of nationalist ideology and post–World War I artistic classicism. Though distinctly nationalist on the surface, these forms are fundamentally international, echoing the synthesis of nationalism and classicism in parallel interwar modernisms. To explore this transnational phenomenon further, I establish connections between Mukhtar’s use of ancient Egyptian imagery, known as pharaonism, to trends in Egyptian literature as well as to histories of sculpturally depicting fabric. In Nahdat Misr (Egypt’s reawakening), Mukhtar pointedly references ancient Egypt through a monumental granite sphinx but pairs him with a proud female peasant who symbolically lifts her veil. He subtly adjusts the classical referents for a modern, transnational audience. The broad use of these forms exhibits the power of ancient Egyptian symbols as centerpieces for public formation worldwide.

The Ancient Egyptians’ “Religious World”: The Foundation of Egyptian Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Van Blerk
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Life After Death ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Way

The aim of this paper is to indicate the importance of religion in ancient Egypt and to indicate that this was the foundation for ancient Egyptian law. In order to understand ancient Egyptian law, it is important to understand the role of religion as background to its development. Religion played an important role in the ancient Egyptians’ understanding of their world, specifically the belief in maat. Religion, and specifically maat, influenced everything they did. Their whole life and the way they operated as a society was based on the principles of maat, since living in accordance with maat would ensure eternal life, life after death. It was essentially maat which made law necessary in ancient Egypt.

scholarly journals WEAPONS OF ANCIENT EGYPT: THE MILITARY AND THE SACRED. PART 2

Articult ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 26-46
Author(s):  
Yury S. Reunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Military

In the second part of the article development of Ancient Egyptian weapons in context of their combat use and ritual and magical understanding continues to be studied. The paper reveals the key aspects of origin and evolution of pole, small arms and throwing weapons. Attention is paid to identifying adoptions of separate technical solutions from other nations, which is mainly relevant to compound bows. Due to the fact that weapons served as a tool for not only solving practical problems, but also performing rites, some Egyptian religious beliefs are briefly discussed, namely those on the role of a pharaoh in maintaining the world order as well as on participation of gods in achieving victory. A system of features that allow attributing weapons as belonging to a utilitarian or ceremonial category is proposed.

scholarly journals ON THE IMPROPER USE OF THE LABEL "SHAMANISM" IN EGYPTOLOGY: RETHINKING THE ROLE OF THE OPENING OF THE MOUTH RITUAL AND THE TEKENU CEREMONY IN LIGHT OF ANCESTOR WORSHIP

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
RENATA SCHIAVO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Ancestor Worship ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Living Fossils ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Customary Laws ◽  
The Dead

There is some debate about the existence of an “ancient Egyptian shamanism”. A number of scholars used such a label to describe religious phenomena relating to the pre and proto-dynastic religion, the Opening of the Mouth Ritual (especially scenes 9 and 10), and the Tekenu ceremony. Moreover, it is possible to identify a certain “evolutionistic” tendency in explaining the two aforementioned rituals as “living fossils” of the Archaic Period. Given That the use of terms “shaman” or “shamanism” could be problematic if applied to Ancient Egypt, the main aim of the talk is to analyze the data concerning the Opening of the Mouth Ritual scenes 9 and 10 and the Tekenu ceremony in order to understand their function in their historical and sociological context through a comparison with other documents, such as the letters to the dead, the Coffin Texts spells 30-41 and the customary laws concerning inheritance. Finally, it is suggested that both the Opening of the Mouth Ritual and the Tekenu ceremony acted as “double rites of passage”, during which not only the deceased became an ancestor, but also the main officiant of the two ceremonies, who was the elder son of the dead, could achieve a new social status as the new chief of the extended family.

scholarly journals ANCIENT BELIEFS AND THEIR RELIGIOUS AND MYSTICAL SYMBOLS

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
ELYOR ALIMKULOV
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Religious Symbol ◽  
Religious Symbols ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

The article examines the concept of religious symbols, the history of the origin of religious-mystical symbols in ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome, their essence and content and meaning today. Also, the author’s views on the introduction of the concepts of symbol and religious symbols into scientifc circulation are expressed, various defnitions of these concepts by Western scientists are given, the role of symbols in society is determined. It is noted that in ancient Egyptian beliefs, each tribe worshiped and revered not only its own god, but also a certain animal that was somehow connected with this god, regardless of whether they were both in separate forms or zoo-anthropomorphic, that is, presented in the form religious symbol «man-animal». In particular, from the article you can learn a lot about such popular symbols as the Ankh Amenti, Ba, Shenu, Jed, The pen Maat, Urey, Ujat. Also, the work contains information about the symbols represented in the religious beliefs of Ancient Greece from various sources that have come down to us, ancient Greek epics, the works of Greek philosophers. Since the ancient Greeks and Romans often deifed several animals and birds, the moon and the sun, gods in human forms, based on the mythologies of these peoples, a comparative analysis of some religious and mystical symbols was carried out, such as Ares - Mars, Asclepius, harpies, Hermes - Mercury, Zeus - Jupiter, Nika - Victoria, Pegasus, Themis. Besides, this scientifc study reflects the scientifc views that the religious worldview of the ancient Romans was associated with agriculture, rituals deifying nature, mysticalreligious images and ancestral spirits, which were usually carried out by the head of the family. Shows the essence and content of attributes and symbols that appeared later in ancient Roman beliefs as a result of rituals of animal and plant sacrifces, worship and special rituals

Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III as a place of memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11-1) ◽  
pp. 132-147
Author(s):  
Dmitry Rakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Historical Representations

The main purpose of this article is to study the role of the Russian Museum in the formation of the historical consciousness of Russian society. In this context, the author examines the history of the creation of the Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III and its pre-revolutionary collections that became the basis of this famous museum collection (in particular, the composition of the museum’s expositions for 1898 and 1915). Within the framework of the methodology proposed by the author, the works of art presented in the museum’s halls were selected and distributed according to the historical eras that they reflect, and a comparative analysis of changes in the composition of the expositions was also carried out. This approach made it possible to identify the most frequently encountered historical heroes, to consider the representation of their images in the museum’s expositions, and also to provide a systemic reconstruction of historical representations broadcast in its halls.

When Ancient Egyptians Copied Egyptian Work

2020 ◽  
pp. 146-162
Author(s):  
Tamás A. Bács
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Ancient Egyptian

Repetition or the practice of copying preeminently structured artistic activity in ancient Egypt. Besides its role in training, as a technique of learning to practice an art, and also serving documentary purposes in creating record copies, it served as a conscious artistic strategy in the act of representation. Different modes of the practice coexisted, such as replication or the effort to reproduce perfect replicas, differential reproduction that encouraged variation as well as emulation and could result in transformation, and finally eclectic imitation that characterized “archaism.” What were deemed as appropriate to serve as models for imitation in ancient Egyptian visual culture at any moment depended not only on the particular aesthetic and historical contexts but also on their accessibility, be it physical or archival.

scholarly journals Protective Role of Glutathione in the Hippocampus after Brain Ischemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7765
Author(s):  
Youichirou Higashi ◽  
Takaaki Aratake ◽  
Takahiro Shimizu ◽  
Shogo Shimizu ◽  
Motoaki Saito
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neuronal Death ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Cysteine Uptake

Stroke is a major cause of death worldwide, leading to serious disability. Post-ischemic injury, especially in the cerebral ischemia-prone hippocampus, is a serious problem, as it contributes to vascular dementia. Many studies have shown that in the hippocampus, ischemia/reperfusion induces neuronal death through oxidative stress and neuronal zinc (Zn2+) dyshomeostasis. Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in protecting neurons against oxidative stress as a major intracellular antioxidant. In addition, the thiol group of GSH can function as a principal Zn2+ chelator for the maintenance of Zn2+ homeostasis in neurons. These lines of evidence suggest that neuronal GSH levels could be a key factor in post-stroke neuronal survival. In neurons, excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is involved in the influx of cysteine, and intracellular cysteine is the rate-limiting substrate for the synthesis of GSH. Recently, several studies have indicated that cysteine uptake through EAAC1 suppresses ischemia-induced neuronal death via the promotion of hippocampal GSH synthesis in ischemic animal models. In this article, we aimed to review and describe the role of GSH in hippocampal neuroprotection after ischemia/reperfusion, focusing on EAAC1.

scholarly journals Changing Technology or Behavior? The Impacts of a Behavioral Disruption

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5861
Author(s):  
Marianne Pedinotti-Castelle ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Pineau ◽  
Kathleen Vaillancourt ◽  
Ben Amor
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
The North ◽  
Behavioral Disruption ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Additional Costs

Transportation is a key factor in the fight against climate change. Consumer behavior changes in transportation are underrepresented in energy policies, even if they could be essential to achieve the fixed GHG emission reduction targets. To help quantify the role of behaviors in energy transition and their implications on the dynamics of an energy system, this study is conducted using the North American TIMES Energy Model, adapted to Quebec (Canada). A behavioral disruption scenario (an increase in carpooling) is introduced in the model’s transportation sector and is compared to a massive electrification scenario. Our results highlight the fact that a behavioral disruption can lead to the same GHG emission reductions (65%) by 2050 as an electrification policy, while alleviating different efforts (such as additional electrical capacity and additional costs) associated with massive electrification. Moreover, the results are sensitive to behavior-related parameters, such as social discount rates and car lifetimes.

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