scholarly journals Complexes with Flat-Bottomed Ceramics in the Neolithic from the Don to the Irtysh: A Chronological Aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Vadim S. Mosin
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Points Of View

Purpose. The aim of the work is to analyze the chronology of Neolithic complexes containing flat-bottomed ceramics in the European part of Russia and the Ural-Siberian region, as well as an attempt to highlight patterns in the development of Neolithic Ural-Siberian cultural traditions amidst complexes with flat-bottomed ceramics of the Volga region. Results. Researches of Baraba culture of the early Neolithic of Western Siberia: Tartas-1, Ust-Tartas-1, Vengerovo-2, with radiocarbon dates 8th – 7th thousand BC made it possible to re-address the problem of complexes with flat-bottomed ceramics, especially in the Trans-Ural region and Western Siberia and, perhaps, to reconsider some established points of view. One of the first centers of the autochthonous origin of the Neolithic at the end of VIII – beginning of VII millennium BC is the Baraba cultural tradition of the West Siberian forest-steppe. Also, the autochthonous center for the origin of the Neolithic was the territory of the Northern Caspian region and the Lower Volga region in the first half of the 7th millennium BC. In the middle of the 7th millennium BC in the Volga-Urals region, due to direct migration of the population from the territory of the Aral-Caspian, an Elshan cultural tradition appears. In the second half of the 7th millennium BC the Neolithic of the Trans-Urals is being formed. Technology of Koshkino and Kozlovo cultural pottery traditions was most likely borrowed from the population of the Aral-Caspian, relations with which have been established since the Mesolithic. Conclusion. The obtained results give grounds to identify several centers of origin of the Neolithic in the territories of European Russia, the Urals and Western Siberia with flat-bottomed ceramics at the end of 8th – first half of 7th millennium BC and round-bottom ceramics in the middle of the 7th millennium BC. The oldest among them are sites of the Baraba forest-steppe.

scholarly journals Chronology Issues of the Neolithic Cultures in the Volga-Kama Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (37) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Vybornov ◽  
◽  
Marianna A. Kulkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Neolithic Cultures

In the article, the questions of the chronology of the Neolithic cultures in the Volga-Kama basin are discussed. This discussion is based on the significant series of radiocarbon dates obtained on the different organic materials in several last years. The dates were obtained as tradition scintillation technique, as well as AMS method. There was established the different age of cultural complexes on the same site and the time of transition from early to later Neolithic was determined in the Northern Cis-Caspian region. The beginning of the early Neolithic and the final of the later stage were clarified. The Neo-Eneolithic period in the Lower Volga region has been verified. The frameworks of the Early Neolithic and coexistence of Mesolithic and Neolithic societies in the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region were considered. The low border of the Neolithic period in the forest zone of the Middle Volga region was established. In the Cis-Kama region, the chronological frameworks of the Kamskaya culture were determined and the chronological ratio between complexes of unornamented, pricked and combed ornamented ceramics were explained.

scholarly journals О НЕКОТОРЫХ АСПЕКТАХ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ РАННЕНЕОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ПОСУДЫ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-121
Author(s):  
V.A. Zakh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Waves ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Local Population ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Structural Parts

Issues of the origins and development of pottery are actualized through a study of new Early Neolithic forest-steppe and taiga sites in Western Siberia. The fl at-bottomed and roundbottomed Neolithic dishes found in Western Siberia are similar in shape and ornamentation. They seem to be a continuation of an earlier ceramic tradition that was introduced into the region. Based upon the radiocarbon dates, those dishes appeared in West Siberia within the 7th millennium BC. We adhere to the opinion that the local population borrowed ceramic production from migrants and believe that imitation of structural parts of birch bark containers in ceramic vessels was important for the formation of West Siberian pottery. For example, such sculptured elements as ledges, drips, and moldings on the outer and inner sides of the rims of ceramic vessels can be correlated to the bands on birch bark dishes and their fastening elements. In our opinion, sculptured elements on ceramic dishes gradually transformed into semantic elements: wavy lines (zigzags) on the drips on the inner side of the rim not only refer to a band attached to the vessel but apparently represent water (waves) as the contents of the vessel

scholarly journals Some discussion issues of the early Neolithic study in the forest-steppe Volga region

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Andreev
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Phd Thesis

The PhD thesis The early Neolithic of the forest-steppe Volga region was presented by the author of this annotation on December, 15th. Some of the statements presented were taken into consideration on the basis of received reviews and a number of special works of concerned researchers. The following paper deals with some issues that are clarified and some problems referring to the study of this topic that are raised. It is strongly believed that only a discussion on a wide range of key issues will contribute to a better understanding of cultural and historical processes taking place in the reporting period in the region. One of the most controversial issues in the study of the early forest-steppe Neolithic is chronology. We confirm the idea that Neolithic process in this region started at the beginning of the VII millennium BC. There are additional justifications that elshanskaya culture was divided into two types. We implement a critical analysis of the hypotheses related to the search for the origins of early Neolithic ceramic traditions. It is also claimed that the process mentioned is connected with the Central Asian region. Another problem is connected with the formation of a ceramic lygovskoy type and the influence of Neolithic groups in the Lower Volga region.

scholarly journals New Research on the Early Neolithic Enclosed Settlement Kayukovo-2 in the North of Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Kardash ◽  
Nataliia M. Chairkina ◽  
Ekaterina N. Dubovtseva ◽  
Henny Piezonka
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Formation Continue ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The North ◽  
Specific Shape ◽  
New Research ◽  
Complex Architecture

Purpose. The article presents results of new research at one of the most prominent Early Neolithic enclosed settlements in the North of Western Siberia – the stronghold of Kayukovo-2, which is characterized by a regular architectural plan with one central and five surrounding buildings, pottery of a specific shape and type, including flat as well as conical bases and complex ornamentation, and an original complex of stone artefacts. Results. In 2018, the investigation of building structure no. 4 was continued; for the reconstruction of the paleo-landscape, soil samples were investigated in the adjacent peatland, new radiocarbon dates were obtained, and analyses of the material complex represented by fragments of ceramics, products from clay-like raw materials and clay, stone artefacts, and clusters of small bone fragments was carried out. Building no. 4 was identified as a semi-sunken dwelling structure with a hearth in the centre, a small connecting corridor to building no. 7, and a link to the large central building no. 6. In 2019, new trenches confirmed the existence of a ditch circumscribing the settlement complex. Palaeoenvironmental research shows that during the period of use of the site, the closest water body was located c. 100 m from the terrace shore. The radiocarbon dates available up to now indicate a time of functioning of the ancient settlement in the first centuries of the 6th millennium cal BC. The ceramic material belongs to the complex of early flat-based hunter-gatherer pottery of Western Siberia, a tradition which probably spread from the Baraba forest-steppe and the Ishim region to the Northern Trans-Urals around 6000 cal BC. Conclusion. The reasons for the emergence of the northernmost fortified settlements in Eurasia among hunter-gatherer communities with complex architecture and specific ceramics, the role of internal socio-cultural mechanisms and external influences, and environmental factors in their formation continue to be under discussion and require further research.

scholarly journals Bracelet from an Elunino burial at the Teleut Vzvoz-I site

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
I.A. Valkov
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Trace Analysis ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Bronze Age

The article studies a stone bead bracelet found in an Early Bronze Age burial of the Elunino archaeological culture during the excavation of the Teleut Vzvoz-I burial ground (heterogeneous in time) in the south of Western Siberia (Forest-Steppe Altai). According to a series of calibrated radiocarbon dates, the Elunino burial ground at the Teleut Vzvoz-I site was used in the 22nd–18th centuries BC. The artefact under study was found in double burial No. 16 of the indicated burial ground, on the wrist of an adult (gender is not established). The bracelet in-cludes 66 stone beads, as well as one stone base. This piece of jewellery is unique in terms of technique, as well as the sacral meaning embedded in it. The ornament found on the beads bears no analogies to those discovered in the well-known Bronze Age archaeological sites of Western and Eastern Siberia. The present publication con-siders the morphological and raw material characteristics of the bracelet, as well as the specifics of its production and use. In this study, trace analysis was performed, i.e. the analysis of macro- and micro-traces left on the sur-face of the item as a result of its production and subsequent use. All traces were examined using an MBS-10 stereoscopic microscope at a magnification of ×16–56. It was found that some of the beads in the bracelet were made of serpentinite. The nearest sources of this stone are at least 250–300 km away from Teleut Vzvoz-I. The beads are made by counter-drilling, drilling of blind holes, polishing and grinding. This find is unique due to orna-mental compositions found on several beads in the form of oblique notches on side faces. The extremely small size of the beads (average diameter of 3.3 mm; average thickness of 1.4 mm) makes the pattern invisible to the naked eye. Thus, it is concluded that the ornament had a sacred meaning, and the bracelet itself served as an amulet. Despite no finds of ornamented bracelets dating back to the Bronze Age in Western Siberia and adjacent territories, typologically the bracelet bears analogies to the antiquities of the Okunevo culture, the Yamna cultural and historical community, as well as in the materials of the Bronze Age archaeological site of Gonur Depe (Turk-menistan). The study of the bracelet demonstrates the relevance of performing trace analysis of such items from other archaeological sites.

scholarly journals The Issue of Western Siberia’s “Flat-Bottomed” Neolithic Research (Chrono-Stratigraphic Aspect)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 150-163
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Bobrov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Far East ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Ceramic Ware ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Lake System ◽  
River Region ◽  
Ceramic Assemblages

Purpose. The article outlines three large provinces on the Asian territory of Russia which determine morphology of Neolithic ceramic ware (Amour River region and border areas of Far East and Pacific Ocean islands; Trans-Baikal region and Eastern Siberia, Western Siberia). Western Siberia is a territory where, in the Neolithic Age, such traditional shapes as round-, point- and flat-bottomed ones were spread. At the same time, inside the region, two areas – Western (trans-Ural and North-Western regions of Barabinskaya forest-steppe) and Eastern (Barabinskaya forest-steppe, high Ob area, including forest-steppes of Altai, and its foothills, and Kuznetsk basin) are outlined. If in the western part two traditions have been determined, in the eastern part, only one tradition – round-bottomed ceramic ware, has been found so far. Morphological specifics of ceramic assemblages of the Neolithic in the trans-Ural region caused a polemic in solving the issue of their cultural and chronological attribution. The stratified sites of Andreevskaya Lake System were the base of the main line of reasoning. The article presents a critical analysis bringing into question the use of stratified sites of Andreevskaya Lake System Neolithic as the reference. Results. The article suggests that the research of Taiga area sites, in particular Kondinskaya lowland, is the best approach to solve the main issues of flat-bottomed Neolithic of trans-Ural region in the actual conditions. In spite of its poor state of knowledge, the North of Western Siberia shows a relative stability of cultural tradition development. Synchronic and diachronic aspects of a zoned existence of round, pointed and flat bottomed Neolithic ceramic assemblages in the Taiga zone of Western Siberia is presented. Conclusion. The paper analyses the stratigraphic situations on the sites and objects in North-West Baraba (Tartas-1, Ust-Tartas, Avtodrom-1 and 2) which proves the early age of the Neolithic assemblages with flat-bottomed ware. This allowed to draw the conclusion about the identical development processes in the Neolithic of Trans-Ural and Baraba.

scholarly journals ПЕРВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ ПО РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНОЙ ХРОНОЛОГИИ МЕЗОЛИТА ЛЕСОСТЕПНОГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Andreev ◽  
◽  
O. Andreeva ◽  
M. Kulkova ◽  
M. Oinonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Data ◽  
Mesolithic Period

The article analyzes the recent absolute dates of the Mesolithic forest-steppe Volga region, gives their interpretation. The Mesolithic period, according to the latest radiocarbon data, originates in the forest-steppe Volga region no later than the middle of the 9th millennium BC. and exists until the middle of the 7th millennium BC, while at the final stage, apparently, the Mesolithic inhabitants coexist with the early Neolithic alien population.

scholarly journals Factors of adaptation of Mordovian settlers in the south of Western Siberia in the late 19th — early 20th centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
M. A. Ovcharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
European Part ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The South ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Agrarian Movement

The article will focus on the significance of the agrarian movement of people from the European part of Russia to Siberia in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. A stream of ethnoculturally diverse people poured into Siberia. Different ethnic groups in different, sometimes unusual natural conditions were forced to adapt to the surrounding reality. All this happened by changing the usual ways of managing and living. This naturally influenced the formation of a new way of life, changes in cultural traditions that absorbed the traces of a new environment, mixed with the «established» centuries. Thus, at times, the settlers developed a new adaptation culture.

scholarly journals Trepanations in Sauromato-Sarmatian Crania from the Lower Volga

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
E. V. Pererva ◽  
N. Y. Berezina ◽  
M. V. Krivosheev
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Medical Traditions

We describe artificial openings in crania of the Early Iron Age nomads of the Lower Volga region, owned by the Moscow State University’s Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology. Such openings were found in two male specimens of the Sauromato-Sarmatian age from Bykovo (burial 4, kurgan 13) and Baranovka (burial 2, kurgan 21). Using macroscopic and X-ray examination, we attempt to identify the surgical techniques and the reasons behind the operations. The cranial vault of the Bykovo individual was trepanned by scraping and cutting, for medical purposes. The man survived the surgery, as evidenced by healing. In the case of Baranovka, the operation was performed postmortem or peri-mortem by drilling and cutting, possibly for ritual purposes. Collating these cases with others relating to the Early Iron Age nomadic (Sauromato-Sarmatian) culture of the Lower Volga region and adjacent territories and with written and archaeological sources suggests that the closest parallels come from Central Asia, and Southern and Western Siberia, where the custom of post-mortem ritual trepanations was very common. The surgical techniques practiced in the Lower Volga region were likely due to the penetration of Greek and Roman medical traditions in the mid-first millennium BC.

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