scholarly journals Modern understanding of the pathogenesis of basal cell skin cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
R. R. Saytburkhanov ◽  
A. A. Kubanov ◽  
I. N. Kondrakhina ◽  
X. I. Plakhova
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Genetic Characteristics

The incidence of basal cell skin cancer is increasing worldwide. The initiation and progression of basal cell skin cancer is due to the interaction of environmental factors and the patient's genetic characteristics. Aberrant activation of the transmission of the Hedgehog signaling pathway is the main pathogenetic pathway of carcinogenesis. Since basal cell skin cancer is manifested by significant variability of morphological structure, aggressiveness and response to treatment, the disclosure of the molecular genetics of pathogenesis will become the basis for developing new approaches and increasing the effectiveness of treatment, as well as overcoming tumor resistance to treatment. To search for the necessary literature, the PubMed, MedLine, Web of Science and RSCI databases were used.

scholarly journals Hedgehog inhibitor in the treatment of basal cell skin cancer: case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Sh. I. Musin ◽  
N. А. Sharafutdinova ◽  
A. V. Sultanbaev ◽  
S. V. Osokin ◽  
B. A. Ibragimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Lower Eyelid ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway ◽  
Treatment Methods

Background. In the structure of malignant neoplasms, basal cell skin cancer (BCC) occupies a leading position. In the initial stages of a malignant neoplasm, the main treatments are local treatment methods, both surgical and radiation. However, in about 1.3 % of cases, BCC can become locally or metastatic in which local treatment methods are limited. With the development of targeted drugs, such as the Hedgehog pathway inhibitor, the possibilities for effective and safe treatment of this category of patients have appeared.The objective is to present the clinical case of treating a patient with BCC who is receiving systemic therapy with a Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor.Case report. According to the patient, a tumor in the lower eyelid of the left eye appeared in 2000, did not seek medical help. In 2011, he applied to the clinic and was diagnosed with skin cancer of the lower eyelid of the left eye T2bN0M0. The patient refused the proposed treatment. Reapplied only in June 2017 already with a locally distributed process. The case is recognized as unresectable. From June 30, 2017 to September 4, 2017, he underwent a course of a radical program of radiotherapy, with a positive effect. 07/01/2019, he relapsed with a relapse of an orbital tumor on the left. From July 16, 2019, the patient began taking the drug wismodegib 150 mg once a day. Against the background of the treatment, control CT studies on 11/24/2019 and 11/03/2020 compared with CT data from 07/09/2019 reduced the volume of the tumor by 78 and 82 %. The patient currently continues to take wismodegib.Conclusion. The clinical case demonstrates successful treatment of locally advanced basal cell skin cancer with a Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor.

scholarly journals Use of the Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor in the treatment of recurrent locally advanced and metastatic basal cell skin cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Z. A.-G. Radzhabova ◽  
M. A. Kotov ◽  
Z. S. Bekyasheva ◽  
M. A. Radzhabova ◽  
E. V. Levchenko
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Muscle Cramps

The study objective is to provide data on the use of the Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor (vismodegib) in the treatment of recurrent locally advanced and metastatic basal cell skin cancer at the N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology.Materials and methods. Clinical data of 10 patients who participated in a multicenter, non-randomized clinical trial of phase II ERIVANCE BBC (ClinicalTrials. gov NCT833417). Patients took the daily studied drug vismodegib orally at a dose of 150 mg daily until disease progression or intolerance due to side effects. Efficiency and safety assessment was carried out once every 4 weeks.Results. Complete regression was achieved in 7 patients, while the average duration of use of the drug was 240 ± 65 days. Stabilization was observed in 2 patients, the minimum duration of the drug was 336 days. One patient showed progression after 728 days of taking the drug. Side effects of the 1 grade according to CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events), v. 3.0 were observed in all patients, in 9 they were expressed in muscle cramps, alopecia and changes in taste sensitivity, and in 1 patient isolated in the form of muscle cramps.Conclusion. The results show a good safety profile of vismodegib, which allows it to be used in elderly patients with concomitant pathology. The frequency of response to treatment, including the achievement of complete regression in 70 % of patients, makes vismodegib an acceptable treatment option for metastatic form of basal cell skin cancer and relapse of locally advanced forms.

scholarly journals Basal Cell Carcinoma: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Luca Fania ◽  
Dario Didona ◽  
Roberto Morese ◽  
Irene Campana ◽  
Valeria Coco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human cancer worldwide, and is a subtype of nonmelanoma skin cancer, characterized by a constantly increasing incidence due to an aging population and widespread sun exposure. Although the mortality from BCC is negligible, this tumor can be associated with significant morbidity and cost. This review presents a literature overview of BCC from pathophysiology to novel therapeutic approaches. Several histopathological BCC subtypes with different prognostic values have been described. Dermoscopy and, more recently, reflectance confocal microscopy have largely improved BCC diagnosis. Although surgery is the first-line treatment for localized BCC, other nonsurgical local treatment options are available. BCC pathogenesis depends on the interaction between environmental and genetic characteristics of the patient. Specifically, an aberrant activation of Hedgehog signaling pathway is implicated in its pathogenesis. Notably, Hedgehog signaling inhibitors, such as vismodegib and sonidegib, are successfully used as targeted treatment for advanced or metastatic BCC. Furthermore, the implementation of prevention measures has demonstrated to be useful in the patient management.

scholarly journals Vismodegib: The Proof of Concept in Basal Cell Carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. CMO.S14569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narjiss Berrada ◽  
Siham Lkhoyali ◽  
Hind Mrabti ◽  
Hassan Errihani
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway ◽  
Proof Of Concept

Although basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer worldwide, its metastatic dissemination is exceptional. Before 2012, we had a few treatment options available for metastatic or locally advanced cases. Management of these patients was complicated due to the lack of scientific data, the deterioration of a patient's general status, the patient's advanced age, and the presence of multiple comorbidities. The hedgehog signaling pathway is dysregulated in BCC. The exploration of this signaling pathway yielded to a major milestone in the treatment of advanced BCC. Vismodegib (GDC-0449), an oral small-molecule agent that targets the Hedgehog signaling pathway, demonstrates high levels of activity in clinical trials. It was approved in January 2012 for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BCC. Vismodegib confirms, once again, the interest in exploring the signal transduction pathways in cancers.

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