Design and Implementation of a Water-Based Micronized Weighting Agent Fluid System for Deepwater Drill Stem Testing Operation in Environmentally Restricted Location

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Dourado Motta ◽  
Sebastião de Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Drill Stem ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Multiple Challenges

Abstract The use of micronized weighting agents, in multiple operations, have become more commonplace over the years, with current applications now going far beyond their targeted original purpose of reducing pressure losses in extended reach wells. This specific case reports the development of a fit for purpose system engineered to tackle multiple challenges such as: limitation in using heavy density brines composed of bromides in an offshore environment; hydrate suppression under Drill Stem Test (DST) conditions; weighting agent sagging control; plugging of downhole tools due to heavy solids loading; proper pressure transmission for downhole tools activation; and formation damage prevention. The operation involved the following steps: 1 - development of a Water-based Micronized Weighting Agent Fluid System (WBMWAFS), laboratory testing, simulation evaluation and testing validation for all target properties; 2 - development of an appropriate DST approach with the usage of a designed set of explosives to minimize formation damage and the interaction of the DST fluid with such cargos; and 3 - the evaluation of the overall system performance in order to validate the integrated approach used to design such solution. The DST results indicated that the WBMWAFS is capable of delivering all the technical requirements for a trouble-free operation, with no significant register of weighting agent sag, hydrates or with any variation in fluid properties, whilst enabling a DST operation that demonstrated a negative skin damage during the clean-up period and no damage associated with the WBMWAFS. The WBMWAFS performance opens the possibility of the application of this type of fluid as a replacement for high-density clear brines in many challenging environments.

Annular Frictional Pressure Losses During Drilling—Predicting the Effect of Drillstring Rotation

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Saasen
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Unstable Flow ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Shear Dependent Viscosity ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Dependent Viscosity

Controlling the annular frictional pressure losses is important in order to drill safely with overpressure without fracturing the formation. To predict these pressure losses, however, is not straightforward. First of all, the pressure losses depend on the annulus eccentricity. Moving the drillstring to the wall generates a wider flow channel in part of the annulus which reduces the frictional pressure losses significantly. The drillstring motion itself also affects the pressure loss significantly. The drillstring rotation, even for fairly small rotation rates, creates unstable flow and sometimes turbulence in the annulus even without axial flow. Transversal motion of the drillstring creates vortices that destabilize the flow. Consequently, the annular frictional pressure loss is increased even though the drilling fluid becomes thinner because of added shear rate. Naturally, the rheological properties of the drilling fluid play an important role. These rheological properties include more properties than the viscosity as measured by API procedures. It is impossible to use the same frictional pressure loss model for water based and oil based drilling fluids even if their viscosity profile is equal because of the different ways these fluids build viscosity. Water based drilling fluids are normally constructed as a polymer solution while the oil based are combinations of emulsions and dispersions. Furthermore, within both water based and oil based drilling fluids there are functional differences. These differences may be sufficiently large to require different models for two water based drilling fluids built with different types of polymers. In addition to these phenomena washouts and tool joints will create localised pressure losses. These localised pressure losses will again be coupled with the rheological properties of the drilling fluids. In this paper, all the above mentioned phenomena and their consequences for annular pressure losses will be discussed in detail. North Sea field data is used as an example. It is not straightforward to build general annular pressure loss models. This argument is based on flow stability analysis and the consequences of using drilling fluids with different rheological properties. These different rheological properties include shear dependent viscosity, elongational viscosity and other viscoelastic properties.

New Chemical Package Produces an Improved Shale Inhibitive Water-Based Drilling Fluid System

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Wingrave ◽  
E. Kubena ◽  
C.F. Douty ◽  
D.L. Whitfill ◽  
D.P. Cords
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Water Based

scholarly journals Prediction of Formation Damage, Fluid Loss and Rheological Properties of Water Based Mud with Corn Cob

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1269-1273
Author(s):  
Godwin Chukwuma Jacob Nmegbu ◽  
Bright Bariakpoa Kinate ◽  
Bari-Agara Bekee
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Water Based

The extent of damage to formation caused by water based drilling mud containing corn cob treated with sodium hydroxide to partially replace polyanionic cellulose (PAC) as a fluid loss control additive has been studied. Core samples were obtained from a well in Niger Delta for this study with a permeameter used to force the drilling mud into core samples at high pressures. Physio-chemical properties (moisture content, cellulose and lignin) of the samples were measured and the result after treatment showed reduction. The corn cob was combined with the PAC in the ratio of 25-75%, 50-50% and 75-25% in the mud. Analyzed drilling mud rheological properties such as plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield point and gel strength all decreased as percentage of corn cob increased in the combination and steadily decreased as temperature increased to 200oF. Measured fluid loss and pH of the mud showed an increase in fluid loss and pH in mud sample with 100% corn cob. The extent of formation damage was determined by the differences in the initial and final permeability of the core samples. Experimental data were used to develop analytical models that can serve as effective tool to predict fluid loss, rheological properties of the drilling mud at temperature up to 200oF and percentage formation damage at 100 psi.

Standardization of Lightweight Structure Via Design One Build Many Solution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syakira Saadon ◽  
Norhazrin Azmi ◽  
Prabagar Murukesavan ◽  
Norsham Nordin ◽  
Salman Saad
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Execution Strategy ◽  
Small Fields ◽  
Lightweight Structure ◽  
Multiple Challenges

Abstract Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) is embarking on the implementation of the Design One Build Many (D1BM) concept, an integrated approach on design standardization, replication and volume consolidation for light weight fit for purpose wellhead platforms - also known as Lightweight Structure (LWS). The objective of the standardization is to enable monetization of marginal and small fields by improving project economics that are challenged with the high development costs and conventional execution schedules. Traditionally, projects are developed through a "bespoke" design which requires a specific engineering study during the Front End Loading (FEL) phase to cater for the field specific requirements. In addition, once the project has been sanctioned, it is a must to undergo tendering and bidding activities which can increase field monetization duration by four to five months. The current "bespoke" design has resulted in non-standardization, loss of opportunity for volume consolidation and ultimately longer time for field monetization. Although the Design One Build Many principles were known for a long time, but they were rather project oriented. Thus this emerging solution is a result of synthesizing multiple challenges with the goal to establish an end-to-end systematic approach in monetizing marginal and small fields by lowering development cost and monetization duration. There will be standardized sets of Base Design and a flexible Catalogue items to cater for standardized add on items. Lessons learned incorporation upon the repeated design and standardized execution strategy including Engineering, Procurement, Construction, Installation and Commissioning could also help in improving the delivery efficiency for the lightweight structure. The greater collaboration across fields and blocks will give significant added advantage through economies of scale efficiency and eventually increase in the overall project value.

scholarly journals Experimental study on thermal, rheological and filtration control characteristics of drilling fluids: effect of nanoadditives

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Erfan Veisi ◽  
Mastaneh Hajipour ◽  
Ebrahim Biniaz Delijani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Based

Cooling the drill bit is one of the major functions of drilling fluids, especially in high temperature deep drilling operations. Designing stable drilling fluids with proper thermal properties is a great challenge. Identifying appropriate additives for the drilling fluid can mitigate drill-bit erosion or deformation caused by induced thermal stress. The unique advantages of nanoparticles may enhance thermal characteristics of drilling fluids. The impacts of nanoparticles on the specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, rheological, and filtration control characteristics of water‐based drilling fluids were experimentally investigated and compared in this study. Al2O3, CuO, and Cu nanoparticles were used to prepare the water-based drilling nanofluid samples with various concentrations, using the two-step method. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were utilized to study the nanoparticle samples. The nanofluids stability and particle size distribution were, furthermore, examined using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The experimental results indicated that thermal and rheological characteristics are enhanced in the presence of nanoparticles. The best enhancement in drilling fluid heat capacity and thermal conductivity was obtained as 15.6% and 12%, respectively by adding 0.9 wt% Cu nanoparticles. Furthermore, significant improvement was observed in the rheological characteristics such as the apparent and plastic viscosities, yield point, and gel strength of the drilling nanofluids compared to the base drilling fluid. Addition of nanoparticles resulted in reduced fluid loss and formation damage. The permeability of filter cakes decreased with increasing the nanoparticles concentration, but no significant effect in filter cake thickness was observed. The results reveal that the application of nanoparticles may reduce drill-bit replacement costs by improving the thermal and drilling fluid rheological characteristics and decrease the formation damage due to mud filtrate invasion.

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