106 Determination of net energy content of hemp hulls and processed hemp hull products fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry

The study aimed to compare the digestible and net energy (DE and NE) contents of three canola meals (CM) toasted (95°C) or not after desolventization from yellow Brassica junceae (YBJ) and yellow and black Brassica napus (YBN and BBN) in growing pigs. A basal diet and six CM-based diets (2/3 basal diet and 1/3 CM) supplemented with acid-insoluble ash (indigestible marker) were prepared. The growing pigs (28 kg; six per treatment) were kept in metabolic cages for 18 d and their faeces were collected for the last 10 d. The digestibilities and DE content of the CM were determined based on the total faecal excretion and the indigestible marker method. NE was estimated with a prediction equation. The DE and NE contents of the YBN meal (3.98 and 2.73 Mcal kg-1 DM) were higher (P = 0.007) than that of the YBJ (3.76 and 2.59 Mcal kg-1 DM) and BBN (3.64 and 2.43 Mcal kg-1 DM) meals. Toasting had no effect (P > 0.05) on the DE and NE contents. Inconsistent values were obtained with the indigestible marker, as compared with the total faecal collection method. In conclusion, YBN canola presents the highest energy content, and toasting of CM does not affect its energy values in growing pigs.Key words: Canola meal, growing pigs, toasting, digestible energy, net energy

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Determination of net energy content of dietary lipids fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/sky132 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 2184-2194

Author(s):

Enkai Li ◽

Hu Liu ◽

Yakui Li ◽

Ling Liu ◽

Fenglai Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Content ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Dietary Lipids ◽

Net Energy

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Effect of dietary crude protein and energy content on nitrogen utilisation, water intake and urinary output in growing pigs

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72869 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 381-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jarmo Valaja ◽

Hilkka Siljander-Rasi

Keyword(s):

Water Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Energy Content ◽

Live Weight ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Urinary Output ◽

Net Energy ◽

Mean Values ◽

Dietary Crude Protein

A digestibility and balance trial was carried out with four intact castrated male pigs (live weight 33-82 kg) to study the effects of dietary crude protein and energy content on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, water intake and urinary output. In a 4 x 4 Latin square design, four barley-oats-soya bean meal based diets were arranged 2x2 factorially. The corresponding factors were dietary crude protein (CP) content: high (180 g/kg CP) or low protein diet (140 g/kg CP) supplemented with free lysine, methionine and threonine; and dietary net energy content; high (1.05 feed units (FU)/kg) (feed unit=9.3 MJ net energy) or low net energy content (0.95 FU/kg). Lowering dietary CP content (mean values of 189 to 152 g/kg dry matter, respectively) by supplementation of free amino acids decreased urinary nitrogen (N) excretion by 6.9 g/day (32%) (P

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Greenhouse gases and performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets containing wheat millrun and a multi-carbohydrase enzyme

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab213 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Agbee L Kpogo ◽

Jismol Jose ◽

Josiane C Panisson ◽

Atta K Agyekum ◽

Bernardo Z Predicala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Content ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Net Energy ◽

Enzyme Supplementation ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The Impact

Abstract The objective of this project was to determine the impact of feeding growing pigs with high wheat millrun diets supplemented with a multi-carbohydrase enzyme (amylase, cellulase, glucanase, xylanase, and invertase activities) on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and greenhouse gas (GHG) output (carbon dioxide, CO2; nitrous oxide, N2O; methane, CH4). Three experiments were conducted utilizing six treatments arranged as a 3 × 2 factorial (0%, 15%, or 30% wheat millrun; with or without enzyme) for the digestibility experiment or as a 2 × 2 factorial (0% or 30% wheat millrun; with or without enzyme) for the performance and GHG experiments. The digestibility, performance, and GHG experiments utilized 48 individually housed pigs, 180 pigs housed 5 per pen, or 96 pigs housed 6 per chamber, respectively. Increasing wheat millrun up to 30% in the diet of growing pigs resulted in decreased energy, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) apparent total tract digestibility and net energy content (P < 0.01). Overall, average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio were reduced in pigs fed wheat millrun (P < 0.05). Enzyme supplementation had minimal effects on the digestibility or performance parameters measured. Feeding diets with 30% millrun did not affect GHG output (CH4: 4.7 and 4.9; N2O: 0.45 and 0.42; CO2: 1,610 and 1,711 mg/s without or with millrun inclusion, respectively; P > 0.78). Enzyme supplementation had no effect on GHG emissions (CH4: 4.5 and 5.1; N2O: 0.46 and 0.42; CO2: 1,808 and 1,513 mg/s without or with enzymes, respectively; P > 0.51). Overall, the carbohydrase enzyme had minimal effects on parameters measured, regardless of wheat millrun inclusion (P > 0.10). Although energy, N and P digestibility, and ADG were reduced, the inclusion of up to 30% wheat millrun in the diet has no effect on GHG emissions from growing pigs (P > 0.10).

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Energy content of intact and heat-treated dry extruded-expelled soybean meal fed to growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab131 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bonjin Koo ◽

Olumide Adeshakin ◽

Charles Martin Nyachoti

Keyword(s):

Heat Production ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Energy Content ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Net Energy ◽

Heat Treated

Abstract An experiment was performed to evaluate the energy content of extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESBM) and the effects of heat treatment on energy utilization in growing pigs. Eighteen growing barrows (18.03 ± 0.61 kg initial body weight) were individually housed in metabolism crates and randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments (six replicates/treatment). The three experimental diets were: a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet and two test diets with simple substitution of a basal diet with intact EESBM or heat-treated EESBM (heat-EESBM) at a 7:3 ratio. Intact EESBM was autoclaved at 121°C for 60 min to make heat-treated EESBM. Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 16 d, including 10 d for adaptation and 6 d for total collection of feces and urine. Pigs were then moved into indirect calorimetry chambers to determine 24-h heat production and 12-h fasting heat production. The energy content of EESBM was calculated using the difference method. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS with the individual pig as the experimental unit. Pigs fed heat-EESBM diets showed lower (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), gross energy, and nitrogen than those fed intact EESBM. A trend (P ≤ 0.10) was observed for greater heat increments in pigs fed intact EESBM than those fed heat-EESBM. This resulted in intact EESBM having greater (P < 0.05) digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents than heat-EESBM. However, no difference was observed in net energy (NE) contents between intact EESBM and heat-EESBM, showing a tendency (P ≤ 0.10) toward an increase in NE/ME efficiency in heat-EESBM, but comparable NE contents between intact and heat-EESBM. In conclusion, respective values of DE, ME, and NE are 4,591 kcal/kg, 4,099 kcal/kg, and 3,189 kcal/kg in intact EESBM on a DM basis. It is recommended to use NE values of feedstuffs that are exposed to heat for accurate diet formulation.

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