Impact of Feeding Syngenta Enogen® Feed Corn Compared to Control Corn in Different Diet Scenarios to Finishing Beef Cattle

The objective of this pooled statistical analysis was to evaluate Syngenta Enogen® Feed Corn (EFC) versus conventional corn (CON) when fed as either dry-rolled corn (DRC) or high-moisture corn (HMC) for effects on finishing beef cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Corns were evaluated in diets with byproduct inclusion rates of 0, 15, 18, 20, and 30% distiller grains or 25 and 35% Sweet Bran® (a commercial corn gluten feed product). Seven trials (n = 1856) consisting of 200 pen means comparing 26 diet treatments were analyzed using regression in a pooled analysis. When EFC was processed as DRC, the gain efficiency (G:F) improved compared with CON, but the response to feeding EFC decreased from a 4.8% improvement to no improvement compared to CON as distiller grains increased from 0% to 30%, but was significantly improved due to feeding EFC in diets with 0 to 18% distiller grains. Feeding cattle EFC as DRC increased the average daily gain (ADG) and G:F by 4.5% compared with CON corn in diets containing Sweet Bran®. No improvements in animal performance were observed when cattle were fed EFC compared to CON when processed as HMC in any situation. Feeding Enogen® corn improved the gain efficiency of finishing cattle compared with conventional corn when processed as dry-rolled corn and fed in diets with less than 20% distillers or diets that include Sweet Bran®.

272 Effect of Frame Size and Supplementation on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Beef Cattle Finished on Novel Endophyte-infected Tall Fescue Pastures

Objectives were to investigate the effects of frame score (FS) and supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of cattle finished on novel endophyte-infected fescue pastures. This 2-yr experiment used 80 Angus-sired, crossbred steers and heifers bred for divergent FS. Cattle were allotted to 5 treatments: 1) non-supplemented small frame (S-NON; FS = 3.0 ± 0.9), 2) supplemented small frame (S-SUPP), 3) non-supplemented large frame (L-NON; FS = 4.7 ± 0.6), 4) supplemented large frame (L-SUPP), and 5) grain-based control feedlot ration (CON; FS = 4.2 ± 0.6; target ADG = 1.36 kg/day). Daily rations were delivered individually using Calan gates. Pasture supplement contained corn gluten feed, a commercially available rumen-protected prilled vegetable fat, and dried molasses fed at 0.5% of BW. Treatments started on 7/8/2019 and 5/21/2020, and ended in November of each yr when cattle were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Results were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS with main effects of treatment, sire, sex, yr, and yr x treatment, with contrast statements comparing large vs. small frame, pasture supplemented vs. non-supplemented, and control vs. pasture groups. As expected, CON had greater (P < 0.001) growth performance (final BW and ADG) and carcass characteristics (HCW, subcutaneous fat, marbling, dressing percentage (DRESS%) than pasture groups, and tended to have greater (P=0.053) REA. Relative to pasture groups, CON had greater (P < 0.001) Minolta L* and a* lean tissue values, and decreased (P < 0.001) b* values for fat tissue. While non-supplemented cattle had decreased (P = 0.016) yield grades (YG), supplemented cattle had greater (P < 0.050) final BW, ADG, subcutaneous fat, HCW, marbling, and DRESS% compared to non-supplemented cattle. Small framed cattle tender to have decreased (P = 0.056) YG; but, large framed cattle had greater (P = 0.006) HCW, and tended (P = 0.060) to have greater ultrasound subcutaneous fat. Results support low-level supplementation in pasture-finishing systems to improve carcass value.

Low Moisture Anhydrous Ammonia Pretreatment of Four Lignocellulosic Materials—Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles, Corn Gluten Feed, Corn Fiber, and Oil Palm Frond

Lignin and hemicellulose structures in cellulosic materials serve as a barrier for enzyme reactions. A pretreatment step is often needed to break these components to allow the biomass to be utilized as a source of value-added products. Various available pretreatment methods possess common drawbacks of the high amount of liquid and chemical requirements, harsh process conditions, and the high amount of waste produced, which driving up the production costs of bioproducts. Low moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) pretreatment capable of eliminating those drawbacks. In this study, Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS), corn gluten feed (CGF), corn fiber (CF), and oil palm frond (OPF) with different moisture contents were subjected to LMAA pretreatment at the specific ammonia loading rate, 1 h ammoniation, and 75°C incubation temperature. This pretreatment successfully decreased the lignin content of the materials, increased their percentage of α-cellulose, and improved enzymatic digestibility for most of the materials tested. The effect of moisture content (30 and 50% db) was found to be more significant than that of incubation time (24 and 72 h).

PERUBAHAN KANDUNGAN ASAM FITAT DAN ASAM AMINO ESENSIAL BAHAN-BAHAN ORGANIK PAKAN YANG DIFERMENTASI RAGI TEMPE

Changes in the Contents of Phytic Acid and Essential Amino Acids of Animal Feed Organic Materials Fermented by Tempe Starter The contents of antinutrients and nutrients are important in the selection of feed ingredients, especially for monogastric animals. The aim of this study is to determine the change in the contents of antinutrient phytic acid and nutrient essential amino acid in selected organic materials. Nine organic ingredients of agro-industrial by-products, namely rice bran, coffee skin, cassava bagasse, corn, coconut dreg, soy bean meal, pollard, corn gluten feed (CGF), and copra meal were fermented in solid state using tempeh starter for 48 hours at 30°C. Dense mycelia overgrowing evenly on the top, bottom, and cross-sliced surfaces was observed on rice bran, maize and copra meal substrates. These 3 selected organic materials were then analysed for the content of phytic acid and essential amino acids. The results showed that the lowest decrease (75.80%) in phytic acid content occurred in maize, namely from 18.49 ± 0.41 mg g-1 (before fermentation) to 4.48 ± 0.19 mg g-1 (after fermentation). The highest increase (59%) of total essential amino acids occurred in copra meal, namely from 38,991.89 ± 447.12 mg kg-1 (before fermentation) to 61,816.56 ± 894.24 mg kg-1 (after fermentation). Kandungan antinutrisi dan nutrisi merupakan hal penting dalam pemilihan bahan pakan, terutama untuk hewan monogastrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perubahan kandungan antinutrisi asam fitat dan nutrisi asam amino esensial pada bahan organik tertentu yang terpilih. Sembilan bahan organik yang merupakan hasil samping agroindustri, yakni dedak padi, kulit kopi, onggok, jagung, ampas kelapa, bungkil kedelai (soy bean meal), dedak gandum (pollard), produk samping jagung corn gluten feed (CGF), dan bungkil kopra difermentasi padat menggunakan ragi tempe selama 48 jam pada suhu 30°C. Miselium yang tumbuh subur, padat, dan merata pada permukaan atas, bawah, dan irisan melintang teramati pada dedak padi, jagung, dan bungkil kopra. Tiga bahan organik terpilih ini kemudian dianalisa kandungan asam fitat dan asam amino esensialnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penurunan terbesar (75,80%) kandungan asam fitat terjadi pada jagung, yakni dari 18,49 ± 0,41 mg g-1 (sebelum fermentasi) menjadi 4,48 ± 0,19 mg g-1 (setelah fermentasi). Peningkatan tertinggi (59%) asam amino esensial total terjadi pada bungkil kopra, yakni dari 38.991,89 ± 447,12 mg kg-1 (sebelum fermentasi) menjadi 61.816,56 ± 894,24 mg kg-1 (setelah fermentasi).

Determination of Nutrient Digestibility in Calves Supplemented with Various Levels of Corn Gluten Feed When Consuming Forage-based Rations

The experimental objective was to determine the effect of supplementing various levels of corn or corn gluten feed (CGF) on apparent total tract nutrient digestibility in cattle consuming a forage-based ration. Twelve purebred Angus and Simmental heifers were stratified across treatments by BW and breed in a 2x2 factorial arrangement across 2 periods (n = 6/treatment). Treatments included either corn or CGF supplemented at 0.25% BW or 0.75% BW with ad libitum access to alfalfa hay. Each period lasted 21 d, with animals housed as a group and moved to individual stalls to consume supplement each morning during the first 10 d and individually thereafter. Fresh alfalfa and supplement were provided daily throughout the experiment, and feed offered and refused were recorded daily while animals were housed individually. During the final 3 d of each period, fecal samples were obtained directly from the rectum of each animal every 6-h. Samples were analyzed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP). Data were analyzed using lm in R with significance defined at P ≤ 0.05. The statistical model included the fixed effects of supplement type, level, and their interaction, breed, and period. No differences (P ≥ 0.28) in ADG or G:F were noted among treatments. Total tract NDF, ADF, and OM digestibility did not differ among treatments, but OM and ADF digestibility tended to be greater (P = 0.10 and P = 0.06, respectively) for animals supplemented with corn. Crude protein digestibility was not influenced by supplement type (P = 0.46), but tended to be greater (P = 0.07) for animals supplemented at 0.25% BW. These results indicate that at supplement levels below 0.75% BW, supplementing cattle with CGF does not result in an improvement in apparent total tract digestibility relative to corn under the conditions of this experiment.