Dynamics of body protein deposition and changes in body composition after sudden changes in amino acid intake: II. Entire male pigs1

Experiments were made to estimate separately the amino acid requirements of growing pigs for maintenance and for protein accretion. The relationship between nitrogen retention and amino acid intake was estimated for each essential amino acid (except histidine) by giving, at rates of N intake of 0.25 and 2.0 g/kg body-weight (W)0.75 per d, diets in which one amino acid was made specifically deficient. From the regression coefficients it was calculated that, for the accretion of 1 g body protein, the dietary amino acid requirements were (mg) threonine 47, valine 53, methionine+cystine 36, methionine 19, isoleucine 43, leucine 78, phenylalanine+tyrosine 84, phenylalanine 41, lysine 68 and tryptophan 12. The daily amino acid requirements for N equilibrium were also estimated. From the relationship between N retention and amino acid intake the daily amino acid requirements for N equilibrium were estimated to be (mg/kg W0.75 per d) threonine 53, valine 20, methionine+cystine 49, methionine 9, isoleucine 16, leucine 23, phenylalanine+tyrosine 37, phenylalanine 18, lysine 36 and tryptophan 11. It was estimated that both for maintenance and for protein accretion tyrosine could provide close to half the total phenylalanine+tyrosine needs. Cystine could supply close to half the total sulphur amino acid needs for protein accretion but 0.8 of the needs for maintenance.

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Nutritionally non-essential amino acids are dispensable for whole-body protein synthesis after exercise in endurance athletes with an adequate essential amino acid intake

Amino Acids ◽

10.1007/s00726-018-2639-y ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (12) ◽

pp. 1679-1684 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Kato ◽

Kimberly A. Volterman ◽

Daniel W. D. West ◽

Katsuya Suzuki ◽

Daniel R. Moore

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Protein Synthesis ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Essential Amino Acid ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Endurance Athletes ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Protein ◽

Acid Intake ◽

Amino Acid Intake

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METABOLIC ALTERATIONS IN SURGICAL PATIENTS. I. THE EFFECT OF ALTERING THE ELECTROLYTE, CARBOHYDRATE AND AMINO ACID INTAKE*

Annals of Surgery ◽

10.1097/00000658-195309000-00016 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 138 (3) ◽

pp. 434-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

William E. Abbott ◽

Harvey Krieger ◽

Louis I. Babb ◽

Stanley Levey ◽

William D. Holden

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Surgical Patients ◽

Metabolic Alterations ◽

Acid Intake ◽

Amino Acid Intake

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Are Dietary Amino Acids or Protein Quality Associated with Infant Length Gain from 6 to 12 Months in Rural Malawi? (P10-010-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz034.p10-010-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Matchado ◽

Kathryn Dewey ◽

Christine Stewart ◽

Per Ashorn ◽

Ulla Ashorn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Complementary Food ◽

Complementary Foods ◽

Acid Intake ◽

Dietary Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Intake ◽

Length Gain

Abstract Objectives 1) to estimate the probability of inadequate amino acid intake among infants 9–10 months of age in rural Malawi 2) to evaluate whether dietary amino acid intake or protein quality are associated with length gain from 6 to 12 months of age Methods We assessed total amino acid intake from breast milk and complementary foods in 285 infants. Breast milk intake and complementary foods were estimated using dose-to-mother deuterium oxide dilution method and repeat 4-pass interactive 24-hour recall interviews, respectively. Amino acid composition values were taken from FAO human milk profile, Tanzania Food Composition table and International Minilist. Protein quality was estimated using Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS). Probability of intake below Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for each amino acid was estimated using National Cancer Institute (NCI) method. We estimated protein quality of complementary food using median DIAAS. We assumed a DIAAS of ≥0.75 to represent a diet or food with good protein quality. Relationships between amino acid intake or protein quality with length gain were assessed using regression models. Length was measured at 6 and 12 months of age and length for age z-score (LAZ) velocity was calculated (ΔLAZ/months). Results The probability of inadequate amino acid intake from breast milk and complementary food that included a lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) was 3% for lysine, 0% for tryptophan, threonine, valine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, sulfur containing amino acids (SAA), and aromatic amino acids (AAA). Without LNS, the probability was 7% for lysine and 0–2% for the other amino acids. The median (interquartile range) DIAAS for complementary food with and without LNS was 0.70 (0.28) and 0.64 (0.32), respectively. Dietary amino acid intake and protein quality were not significantly associated with length gain velocity from 6 to 12 months even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions The prevalence of inadequate amino acid intake in 9–10 months old infants in rural Malawi is very low. However, in conditions of frequent clinical or sub-clinical infections this situation may be different. Linear growth at 6–12 months does not appear to be limited by dietary amino acid intake or protein quality in this setting. Funding Sources The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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