scholarly journals Pain Caused by Ear Tagging in Kids of Native Black Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Hawar M.H. Zebaria ◽  
Hoger M. Hidayet ◽  
Assel A. I. Al-Naqshabendy ◽  
Nizar J. Hussein ◽  
Nawroz A. Kakarash
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Time Sampling ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Peripheral Temperature ◽  
Black Goat

There is no study about changes in behaviour and peripheral temperature of kid goats undergoing ear tagging procedure. This study was designed to elucidate that pain caused by ear tagging affects peripheral temperatures and behavioural observations in Karadi kid goats. Nineteen native black goat kids, aged 10 – 14 days, were used in this study. Eye and nasal temperatures were recorded before the ear tagging process, and after ear tagging 5 periods in 30 minutes. Besides, the researchers observed each kid's behaviour for 30 minutes before ear tagging and 30 minutes after it, using focal sampling method and the data recorded with instantaneous time sampling to measure the duration and frequency of each behaviour of the kids. Results revealed that peripheral temperatures were significantly decreased for both eye (P≤0.01) and ear (P≤0.01) after ear tagging. The temperatures of both eye and ear decreased after tagging significantly (P≤0.01) for 30 minutes. The proportion of time kid goats spent normal standing and suckling the dam’s teat decreased whereas the proportion of time spent head-shaking increased after tagging. Significant differences were found between abnormal standing (P≤0.01) and vocalization (P≤0.01). It is concluded that ear tagging causes a considerable pain in kid goats and using surface temperatures and behaviour are useful indicators to approve it.

scholarly journals Pain Caused by Ear Tagging in Kids of Native Black Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Hawar M.H. Zebari ◽  
Hoger M. Hidayet ◽  
Assel. A. I. Al-nakshabandi ◽  
Nizar Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Time Sampling ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Peripheral Temperature ◽  
Black Goat ◽  
Experimental Study Design

Purpose: The normal behavior of goat kids is influenced by painful husbandry procedures such as ear tagging, with kids reducing peripheral temperature and increase restlessness. The present study was designed to elucidate that pain caused by ear tagging affects peripheral temperatures and behavioral observations in Karadi kid goats. Study Design: Experimental Study Design. Subjects and Methods: Nineteen native black goat kids, aged 10-14 days, were used in this study as a sample. Eye and nasal temperatures were recorded before ear tagging process (control) and after ear tagging 5 times in 30 minutes. In addition, the behavior of each kid was observed for 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after ear tagging using focal sampling recorded with instantaneous time sampling to measure the duration and frequency of each behavior of the kids. Results: It was revealed that peripheral temperatures were significantly decreased for both eye (P<0.01) and ear (P<0.01) after ear tagging. The temperatures of both eye and ear increased directly after tagging and then decreased significantly (P<0.01) for 30 minutes. The proportion of time kid goats spent normal standing and suckling the dam’s teat decreased whereas the proportion of time spent head-shaking increased after tagging. In addition, abnormal standing was seen after ear tagging which was absent before the process of tagging. Significant differences were found between abnormal standing (P<0.01) and vocalization (P<0.01). While the differences between suckling, normal standing and head shaking were not significant. Conclusions: It is concluded that ear tagging causes considerable pain in kid goats.

scholarly journals Program Kegiatan Bermain Prososial untuk Mengurangi Perilaku Agresif pada Siswa Taman Kanak-Kanak

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Fahrun Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Behavior Management ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Time Sampling ◽  
Program Module ◽  
Play Activity ◽  
Activity Program ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Abstrak Program Kegiatan Bermain Prososial (KBP) di sekolah merupakan salah satu program manajemen perilaku berbasis kelas yang dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu referensi bagi guru untuk mengurangi perilaku agresif siswa di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan uji coba terhadap modul program KBP bagi siswa di kelas taman kanak-kanak yang cenderung berperilaku agresif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode quasi eksperimental dengan desain penelitian A-B-A. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan observasi, yakni dengan metode time sampling. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa program KBP dapat menurunkan perilaku agresif siswa di kelas taman kanak-kanak. Abstract The Prosocial Play Activity Program (KBP) in schools is a class-based behavior management program that can be used as a reference for teachers to reduce student aggressive behavior in schools. This study aims to test the KBP program module for students in Kindergarten classes who tend to behave aggressively. The method used is a quasi experimental method with research design A-B-A. Measurements were made by observation, namely the time sampling method. The results of data analysis indicate that the KBP program can show aggressive behavior of students in Kindergarten classes.

A Time Sampling Method in the Thermal Analysis for Condensed Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1575-1582
Author(s):  
E. G. Iskenderov ◽  
V. I. Dvoryanchikov ◽  
Ya. A. Dibirov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Time Sampling ◽  
Condensed Media

Efficient time-sampling method in Coulomb-corrected strong-field approximation

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Ru Xiao ◽  
Mu-Xue Wang ◽  
Wei-Hao Xiong ◽  
Liang-You Peng
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Strong Field ◽  
Field Approximation ◽  
Time Sampling

scholarly journals Effects of Breakfast on Classroom Behaviour in Rural Jamaic An Schoolchildren

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Chang ◽  
Susan P. Walker ◽  
John Himes ◽  
Sally M. Grantham-McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Sampling ◽  
Classroom Behaviour ◽  
School Breakfast ◽  
Children’S Behaviour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Weight For Age

The effects of giving breakfast on classroom behaviour were examined in 57 undernourished (<= - 1 SD weight-for-age) and 56 adequately nourished (L-I SD weight-forage) children, selected from four rural Jamaican schools. Using a time-sampling method of observation, the children's behaviour was observed twice, once after receiving breakfast and once after receiving a piece of fruit. The impact of breakfast varied among the schools but not between nutritional groups. In the school that was best equipped and organized, the children were more attentive (p <.005) and moved less (p <.05) when they received breakfast than when they had no breakfast. In the other three schools there was no improvement; in two of these schools, the children were less on task when given breakfast (p <.02 and p < .01), and they talked more in one school (p <.05). This suggests that school breakfast may only benefit children's behaviour in the presence of satisfactory classroom infrastructure.

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