Curative Effects of Ethanol Extract of Prosopis Farcta (Syrian Mesquite) Against Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Male Albino Rats

The present study was designed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of Prosopis farcta (P. farcta) ethanol fruit extract in ethylene glycol (EG) induced urolithiasis in male albino rats. Lithiasis was induced by oral administration of EG 1% in male albino rats for 28 days. Seventy eight male albino rats weighing 250-300g were used and divided into six experimental groups. Group A is a control group received standard rat chow and tap water ad libitum, while, rest of groups namely group B, C, D, E, F animals received 1% EG in water for 28 days, then from day 15 to day 28 in addition to EG administration, group C received cystone, group D, E and F received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) of ethanol fruit extract of P. farcta respectively. On day 28, blood was collected for serum biochemical (serum uric acid, creatinine, urea, electrolytes measurements, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) determinations. While urine was collected to microscopic analysis of formed crystals besides the kidney weight/ B.W. ratio and B.W. gain/ loss values were determined. Intermediate dose (200mg/kg B.W.) of P. farcta extract significantly decreased serum creatinine, urea, MDA and non-significantly recovered SOD toward control value in group E as compared to group B, also significant elevation in kidney weight/ B.W. ratio and reduction in B.W. gains in group B occurred as compared with group A. In conclusion: P. farcta fruit extract has potentially therapeutic effects on EG induced kidney stone which can be used as effective antiurolithiatic agent rather than cystone.

A Comparative Study of Physiological and Physical Parameters Between Married Females Residing at The Qushtapa Refugee Camp and in The City of Erbil in Kurdistan-Iraq

Refugees are under a high-risk factor of being suffering from many different diseases due to the uncontrolled accommodations environment of the camps. This study aimed to test whether the camp's habitat affecting the physical activities of the married females as a biomarker of the adverse effects on the health management issues. 60 married females (30 refugees and 30 city residents) were recruited. Blood samples of all participants were analyzed for blood glucose, blood triglycerides, blood cholesterol, blood hemoglobin (HGb), blood heamatocrite percentage (HCT %) and other physical parameters estimated like body mass index (BMI), mean arterial pressure (MAP). Additionally, participants were screened for bacterial UTIs. Refugees married females showed a significant decrease in the blood hemoglobin concentration (gm/dl) compared with the city females (P= 0.014) and blood heamatocrite percentage (HCT %) (P= 0.0074). Also, no significant differences were observed for the other parameters between refugees married females and city married females. The UTI bacterial infection in refugees married females (21, 65.6%) was significantly higher than the infection among city resident married females (11, 34.4%) (P=0.0096). The higher incidence percentage of UTIs were caused by Gram-negative bacteria (87.5%). The most dominant pathogen which established UTIs was Escherichia coli (57%). A high-stress level of camp environment and nutritional malformation may affect the refugees married females more than the city females. Therefore, it is the international community responsibility to protect and provide life-saving assistance to all refugee women and to those that have been subjected to such situations.

Selective Crystallization of Silicoalumophosphate Sapo-11 With A Micromesoporous Structure

ABSTRACT:The authors have proposed a method for the selective crystallization of a SAPO-11 silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve with a micro-mesoporous structure. It has been shown that crystallization of a silicoaluminophosphate gel, in the preparation of which its isopropoxide is used as a source of aluminum, makes it possible to obtain a SAPO-11 molecular sieve with a specific surface area of ​​~ 207 m2 / g, a volume of micro- and mesopores of ~ 0.08 and 0.09 cm3 / g. , respectively. Using scanning electron microscopy, it was demonstrated that the crystals of the material are pseudospherical particles ~ 8-10 microns in size, consisting of aggregates of nanocrystals ~ 100-200 nm in size.

Residual Power Series Method for Solving Klein-Gordon Schrödinger Equation

In this work, the Residual Power Series Method(RPSM) is used to find the approximate solutions of Klein Gordon Schrödinger (KGS) Equation. Furthermore, to show the accuracy and the efficiency of the presented method, we compare the obtained approximate solution of Klein Gordon Schrödinger equation by Residual Power Series Method(RPSM) numerically and graphically with the exact solution.

Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing-Bacteria Isolated From Pregnant Women With Genital Tract Infection in Duhok Governorate

Beta-lactamase producing bacteria have a worldwide distribution with a high degree of prevalence in both community and hospital. Furthermore, multidrug resistant (MDR) and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing bacterial isolates from women patients may limit treatment options available. This study was designed to determine the frequency of bacterial isolates associated with genital tract infection in pregnant women and their antimicrobial resistance profile and to assess the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases producing bacteria. Demonstrating the β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M) by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with specific primers, was carried out on patients who were admitted to Maternity and Obstetric Hospital in Duhok city from November 2018 to October 2019. A total of 100 high vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women patients between the ages 18-45 years. All clinical samples were cultured and standard microbiological methods were used to identify bacterial isolates, then confirmed by Vitek®2 compact automated system. All gram negative bacterial isolates were studied phenotypically and genotypically for extended spectrum β-lactamases-production. Out of 100 vaginal swabs, 88% confirmed positive culture; 90.9% of which were bacterial isolates. From the total bacterial isolates, 38.8% were gram negative bacteria, with a predominant 54.8% Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Escherichia coli 35.5%. 54.8% of the isolates were characterized as multidrug resistance isolates, 29% isolates were extensive drug resistance, and no pan drug resistance were detected. Among these, the commonest extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates were Escherichia coli 81.8% followed by, Klebsiella pneumoniae 58.8%. Extended spectrum β-lactamases-producing isolates have showed significantly higher resistance than non- extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates to third and fourth generation cephalosporins. CTX-M was the most common β-lactamase gene 73.7% among extended spectrum β-lactamase producing strains, followed by blaSHV, 57.9% and blaTEM 52.6%, 21.1% had combination of all bla genes, 15.8% had CTX-M only and combination of blaCTX-M with blaSHV and blaTEM. 10.5% among extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates carried SHV type only and in combination with TEM type while TEM gene were observed in 5.3%. We concluded that the drug resistant isolates were common, worryingly high and it may limit treatment options available. In this study a high level of the blaCTX-M gene was demonstrated among extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates.

Effects of Nano Silver Particles and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Some Physiological Characteristics of Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb.

Recent studies show that Nanotechnology can be effectively used to enhance the characteristics of many types of trees including forest trees. Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb., which belongs to the Fabaceae family, is a forest tree that grows in dry land and water conservation areas. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of nano silver (NS) at (0, 30, 60 and 90 mg/L) and gibberellic acid (GA3) at (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L) concentrations on seed performance and subsequent growth of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. The results reveal the enhancement of germination rate and velocity by using GA3 at 100 and 200 mg/L. NS90 treatment increased each of shoot and root fresh and dry weight, leaf area and plant height whereas GA50 treatment increased number of branches per plant and primary root length. Non-significant differences between treatments on Peroxidase enzyme activity and chlorophyll a content was observed whereas NS30 had the highest chlorophyll b and lowest total carotenoids. Shoot and root contents of some essential and non-essential elements differed between treatments. In roots, N90 treatment increased each of Cu and Mn elements, but it decreased Cl content. Although GA100 treatment increased Cl content, it decreased Mn. The paper concludes that the applications of nano-silver and GA3 on Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. have significant effects on its growth and physiological parameters.

Evaluation and Comparison of The Current-Voltage (I-V) Performance for Both Silicon Solar Cells and Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Covered with Natural Plant Dyes

A new concept based on introducing natural dye-sensitized molecules on the surface of Silicon Si solar cell namely “dyed Si solar cell” is introduced. This dye/Si interface is thought to be effectively enhanced efficiency. The IV readings are compared among (a) blank and covered Si solar cells, (b) DSSC using the same sensitized molecules. The results were recorded with different physical parameters like UV-visible Spectrum dyes, light intensity, cell area, and different fabrication Also, cell stability has been recorded. These results serve simply to give some of the cutting-edge of dyed Si solar cell with a huge improvement in its efficiency up to 121% with pot marigold flower dye (CC) dye at its optimum case and 16.53% in arthropodafotos-de- flower dye (ZZ) dye at its lowest case. While in DSSC, the efficiencies associated with the same natural dyes were very limited, rather sometimes they get lower. The results have been compared with similar group studies. Our new concept may be used as a highly promising technology for the dyed Si solar cell to give higher efficiency compare with its blank Si solar cell due to the suitability of dyes with silicon semiconductor, we suggest a figure for the new cell which is an ambiguous mechanism of cooperation between excited molecule with the promoted electron of silicon semiconductor, Si.

Kinetic Study of Congo-Red Photo-Catalytic Degradation in Aqueous Media Using Zinc Oxide as Photo Catalyst Under Led Light

The kinetic of photo catalytic degradation of Congo red dye using semiconductor in aqueous solution of ZnO has been studied. All photochemical experiments have been carried out in quartz photo cell 25ml capacity and the solvent used for all experiment was distilled water (D. W). The influence of temperature has been investigated as well. Spectrophotometric method was utilized for this work. Degradation kinetic has been done for absorption peak of Congo red at 497 nm and 344 nm. Different method was applied for this purpose, and the results show that the degradation of Congo red was first order at 497nm and zero order at 344 nm. The degradation of CR dye were increased by increasing temperature from 20 oC to 40 oC and then degreased at 50 oC and this is due to desorption that occur at the semiconductor surface while; in case of 10 oC the rate constant was higher than 20 oC. However, when changing the concentration the rate constant dose not changed regularly, this perhaps due to the fact that it does not follow the same order throughout the degradation process, and it does not obey Arrhenius law of activation energy.

Graph Inclusion and Matching Algorithms for Programs Manipulating Singly linked Heaps

Programs that manipulate heaps such as singlylinked lists, doublylinked lists, skiplists, and treesare ubiquitous, and hence ensuring their correctness is of utmost importance. Analysing correctness properties for such programs is not trivial since they induce dynamic data structures, leading to unbounded state spaces with intricate patterns. One approach that has been adopted to tackle this problem is the use of symbolic searching techniques. The state space is encoded using graphs where the nodes represent memory cells, and the edges represent pointers between the cells. It is necessary to prune the search to avoid generating massive numbers of graphs, thus making the procedure unpractical. Pruning strategies are defined based on operations such as graph matching and inclusion. In this paper, a set of algorithms for performing these operations are presented. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithms can handle typical graphs that arise in the verification of heap manipulating programs.

Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Bottled Water Brands in Kurdistan Region

Recently Bottled waters became the main resources for drinking water supply, where the use of bottled waters in some region has exchanged the distribution system of drinking water. However, several different chemicals may be found in drinking bottled water, for instance heavy metals, that have accumulated in lethal amounts which could affect human health after prolonged periods of exposure. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate some bottled water brands in Kurdistan region of Iraq in term of their contents of heavy metal comparing with both WHO and SQI water standards. About 108 samples were collected (18 brands; 6 samples from each brand) from October to December 2019, bought randomly from grocery shops and supermarkets in Duhok, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah city, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Cobalt (Co), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Selenium (Se) and Mercury (Hg) concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Heavy metal pollution index (HPI), degree of contamination (Cdeg) and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) were also calculated for evaluating the overall quality of bottled water. Results of individual criteria revealed that, excluding Cd and Hg, heavy metals content in all bottled water samples were lower than approved limits according to Iraqi's (IQS:417) and WHO standards. Though, the results exhibited that Cd content in some of the studied water samples was greater than the allowable limits (3μg/L) according to the depended standards. Concerning the values of metal pollution indices, although there were higher HPI values than critical value (100) in three water brands i.e. Al-Joud, Al-Waha and Sanbenedetto, the indices values for all other bottled water were below the critical value. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that except for Cd value in few brands and all Hg values, the studied bottled water are safe for drinking. Moreover, companies of bottled water package are recommended to monitor their products through analyzing the water sample periodically and use activated carbon filtration to ensure the safety of drinking bottled water.