Isolation and Comparative Analysis of Culturable Cellulose degrading Gut Bacteria from a Coleopteran and Lepidopteran Insects

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Soko K. Msango ◽  
R. Bhattacharya ◽  
B. Ramakrishnan ◽  
K. Sharma ◽  
S. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Lepidopteran Insects ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Or Genes

Insect gut microbiota has been reported to influence multiple biological functions of the host such as nutrition, digestion and immunity. In this study, nine and eight culturable bacteria were isolated from the gut of eri silkworm, Samia ricini and root grub, Anamola dimidiata. The gut bacteria were assayed for their ability to degrade filter paper.. The results indicated that filter paper digestion was faster in A. dimidiata compared to S. ricini reaching 50% within five incubation days. Cellulolytic activity indicated significant endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase activity in A. dimidiata compared to S. ricini, an indication that A. dimidiata harbours more robust cellulose degrading bacteria than S. ricini. The culturable gut bacterial isolates with cellulolytic activity may be good sources for preparing probiotic formulations to boost eri-nutrition as well as profiling cellulolytic enzymes or genes for biotechnological application..

scholarly journals An Efficient and Improved Methodology for the Screening of Industrially Valuable Xylano-Pectino-Cellulolytic Microbes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avtar Singh ◽  
Amanjot Kaur ◽  
Anita Dua ◽  
Ritu Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
First Report ◽  
Primary Screening

Xylano-pectino-cellulolytic enzymes are valuable enzymes of the industrial sector. In our earlier study, we have reported a novel and cost effective methodology for the qualitative screening of cellulase-free xylano-pectinolytic microorganisms by replacing the commercial, highly expensive substrates with agricultural residues, but the microorganisms with xylanolytic, pectinolytic, cellulolytic, xylano-pectinolytic, xylano-cellulolytic, pectino-cellulolytic, and xylano-pectino-cellulolytic potential were obtained. The probability of getting the desired combination was low, so efforts were made to further improve this cost effective methodology for obtaining the high yield of the microbes capable of producing desired combination of enzymes. By inclusion of multiple enrichment steps in sequence, using only practically low cost substrates and without any nutrient media till primary screening stage, this improved novel protocol for screening gave only the desired microorganisms with xylano-pectino-cellulolytic activity. Using this rapid, efficient, cost effective, and improved methodology, microbes with required combination of enzymes can be obtained and the probability of getting the desired microorganisms is cent percent. This is the first report presenting the methodology for the isolation of xylano-pectino-cellulolytic positive microorganisms at low cost and consuming less time.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota from Lower Groups of Animals: An Upcoming Source for Cellulolytic Enzymes with Industrial Potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 13614-13637
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Enzyme Application

Cellulosic plant materials are a reliable source of renewable energy. Cellulose-based plant materials are now being used for bioenergy production as alternatives to fossil fuels. The traditional way of converting lignocellulosic materials to ethanol and other bioenergy is an expensive and environmentally unsafe process. Several research works have been conducted to find outsource of low-cost cellulolytic enzymes. Initially, fungal species were considered as sources of cellulolytic enzymes. Later on, several studies showed that bacterial species are a more potent source of cellulose-degrading enzymes. Phytophagous lower invertebrates are a good source of cellulolytic gut bacteria. They utilize a wide variety of plant materials as their food source. In this review, thorough literature studies have been made to explore the invertebrate groups that are novel sources of cellulolytic gut bacteria with high efficacy for enzyme production. This study also encompasses a brief description of cellulose, the activity, and cellulase enzyme application in industrial aspects.

scholarly journals Isolation of Cellulose-Degrading Endophyte from Capsicum chinense and Determination of its Cellulolytic Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 6964-6973
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Endoglucanase Activity ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Filter Paper Cellulase

Knowledge in the field of bacterial endophytes associated with the plant Capsicum chinense is negligible. So in order to characterize the endophytic population in the targeted plant, different accessions of C. chinense plant were procured from different agro-climatic zones of India. Bacterial endophytes were isolated by using standard protocols. After isolation of the endophytes, a biochemical identification study was performed using the standard key. Secondary metabolites of these bacterial species were studied for their economic importance. One isolate of cellulose-degrading bacteria (CDB) was isolated from the roots of C. chinense. The cellulase activity of the endophyte, containing cellulose Congo Red agar. Finally, enzyme assays for the cellulase (endoglucanase) and filter paper cellulase or FPC assay was studied. The maximum clearing zone for the isolate was 50mm, and the hydrolytic capacity (HC) was found to be 5.96. The endoglucanase activity of 0.95 IU/mL and the filter paper Filter Paper Cellulase (FPCase) activity was found to be 0.25 IU/mL. The importance of the study is attributed to the fact that this is the first-ever study of the enzymatic activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from C. chinense collected from North-East India.

Cellulosomes localise on the surface of membrane vesicles from the cellulolytic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Ichikawa ◽  
Satoru Ogawa ◽  
Ayami Nishida ◽  
Yuzuki Kobayashi ◽  
Toshihito Kurosawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Thermocellum ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacterium ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Degradation Activity ◽  
Enzyme Complexes

ABSTRACTMembrane vesicles released from bacteria contribute to cell–cell communication by carrying various cargos such as proteins, nucleic acids and signaling molecules. Cellulolytic bacteria have been isolated from many environments, yet the function of membrane vesicles for cellulolytic ability has been rarely described. Here, we show that a Gram-positive cellulolytic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum released membrane vesicles, each approximately 50–300 nm in diameter, into the broth. The observations with immunoelectron microscopy also revealed that cellulosomes, which are carbohydrate-active enzyme complexes that give C. thermocellum high cellulolytic activity, localized on the surface of the membrane vesicles. The membrane vesicles collected by ultracentrifugation maintained the cellulolytic activity. Supplementation with the biosurfactant surfactin or sonication treatment disrupted the membrane vesicles in the exoproteome of C. thermocellum and significantly decreased the degradation activity of the exoproteome for microcrystalline cellulose. However, these did not affect the degradation activity for soluble carboxymethyl cellulose. These results suggest a novel function of membrane vesicles: C. thermocellum releases cellulolytic enzymes on the surface of membrane vesicles to enhance the cellulolytic activity of C. thermocellum for crystalline cellulose.

scholarly journals Function-driven single-cell genomics uncovers cellulose-degrading bacteria from the rare biosphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin F. R. Doud ◽  
Robert M. Bowers ◽  
Frederik Schulz ◽  
Markus De Raad ◽  
Kai Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Single Cell Genomics ◽  
Rare Biosphere ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

AbstractAssigning a functional role to a microorganism has historically relied on cultivation of isolates or detection of environmental genome-based biomarkers using a posteriori knowledge of function. However, the emerging field of function-driven single-cell genomics aims to expand this paradigm by identifying and capturing individual microbes based on their in situ functions or traits. To identify and characterize yet uncultivated microbial taxa involved in cellulose degradation, we developed and benchmarked a function-driven single-cell screen, which we applied to a microbial community inhabiting the Great Boiling Spring (GBS) Geothermal Field, northwest Nevada. Our approach involved recruiting microbes to fluorescently labeled cellulose particles, and then isolating single microbe-bound particles via fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The microbial community profiles prior to sorting were determined via bulk sample 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The flow-sorted cellulose-bound microbes were subjected to whole genome amplification and shotgun sequencing, followed by phylogenetic placement. Next, putative cellulase genes were identified, expressed and tested for activity against derivatives of cellulose and xylose. Alongside typical cellulose degraders, including members of the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi, we found divergent cellulases encoded in the genome of a recently described candidate phylum from the rare biosphere, Goldbacteria, and validated their cellulase activity. As this genome represents a species-level organism with novel and phylogenetically distinct cellulolytic activity, we propose the name Candidatus ‘Cellulosimonas argentiregionis’. We expect that this function-driven single-cell approach can be extended to a broad range of substrates, linking microbial taxonomy directly to in situ function.

scholarly journals Isolation of Cellulose-Degrading Bacteria and Determination of Their Cellulolytic Potential

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima Gupta ◽  
Kalpana Samant ◽  
Avinash Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Filter Paper Cellulase ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Eight isolates of cellulose-degrading bacteria (CDB) were isolated from four different invertebrates (termite, snail, caterpillar, and bookworm) by enriching the basal culture medium with filter paper as substrate for cellulose degradation. To indicate the cellulase activity of the organisms, diameter of clear zone around the colony and hydrolytic value on cellulose Congo Red agar media were measured. CDB 8 and CDB 10 exhibited the maximum zone of clearance around the colony with diameter of 45 and 50 mm and with the hydrolytic value of 9 and 9.8, respectively. The enzyme assays for two enzymes, filter paper cellulase (FPC), and cellulase (endoglucanase), were examined by methods recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The extracellular cellulase activities ranged from 0.012 to 0.196 IU/mL for FPC and 0.162 to 0.400 IU/mL for endoglucanase assay. All the cultures were also further tested for their capacity to degrade filter paper by gravimetric method. The maximum filter paper degradation percentage was estimated to be 65.7 for CDB 8. Selected bacterial isolates CDB 2, 7, 8, and 10 were co-cultured withSaccharomyces cerevisiaefor simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Ethanol production was positively tested after five days of incubation with acidified potassium dichromate.

Ultrastructural Localization of Cellulase in Diplodia Maydis and in D. Maydis-Infected Com Stalk Tissue

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Judith A. Murphy ◽  
Mary R. Thompson ◽  
A.J. Pappelis
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cupric Oxide ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
X Ray

BeMiller et.al.(l) found that D. maydis did not have the solubilizing enzyme C1. They reported that D- maydis exhibited cellulolytic activity constitutively, and hypothesized that the cellulolytic enzymes were attached to fungal hyphal surfaces because they found cellulase released to the culture medium only after the growth period, when available cellulose had been used up.The purpose of this study was to determine the location of cellulolytic enzymes (EC 3.2.1.4; beta-1,4-glucan glucanohydrolase) in D. maydis and D. maydis-infected corn tissue at the ultrastructural level.Cellulase activity produces glucose as an end product which will reduce cupric oxide and can be visualized with an EM because it is electron dense and the Cu component can be verified with x-ray analysis(Figs.l,2). After thorough washing, samples fixed in aldehydes are incubated in a substrate mixture at a low pH. The enzyme is activated and reducing sugar is released. The sample is then reacted with Benedict's solution at a high temperature, allowing CuO crystals to be deposited at the site of reaction.

Insect gut bacteria: a promising tool for enhanced biogas production

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binoy Kumar Show ◽  
Sandipan Banerjee ◽  
Aishiki Banerjee ◽  
Richik GhoshThakur ◽  
Amit Kumar Hazra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Insect Gut Bacteria

Carbon nutrition and hydrolytic and cellulolytic activities in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Cao ◽  
Don L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Isozyme Pattern ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Carbon Nutrition ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Increased Activity

Four strains of an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Pisolithus tinctorius, were investigated for carbon nutrition, and for production of hydrolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. Glucose, mannose, and cellobiose supported rapid mycelial growth of all four strains. Fructose was utilized by two strains, SMF and S359. Of the 10 hydrolytic enzymes examined, acid phosphatase, acid α-galactosidase, acid esterase, and acid β-glucosidase were found in all four strains. β-Galactosidase was only observed in strain S359. α-Mannosidase, β-mannosidase, α-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, and proteinase were not detected in any of the four strains. Isozyme patterns of β-glucosidase and esterase in the four strains were compared by activity staining after native gradient gel electrophoresis. The isozyme pattern of β-glucosidase showed three major forms in all four strains. In addition, two more isoforms were found in strain S370. All strains shared two esterase bands, while strain S370 had three more isoforms. Study on strain SMF indicated that acid β-glucosidase was expressed constitutively, with increased activity in cellobiose-containing media. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, a low level of endoglucanase and exoglucanase activity was observed in strains SMF and S359. Further study on S359 showed that high concentrations of nitrogen repressed the cellulolytic activity. When cellobiose served as carbon source, higher cellulolytic activity was observed. Cellulose did not induce higher activity.Key words: Pisolithus, ectomycorrhizal, β-glucosidase, hydrolytic enzymes, cellulolytic enzymes.

Insect Gut Bacteria and Iron Metabolism in Insects

2021 ◽  
pp. 343-366
Author(s):  
Mahesh S. Sonawane ◽  
Rahul C. Salunkhe ◽  
R.Z. Sayyed
Keyword(s):  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Insect Gut Bacteria
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document