Carbon nutrition and hydrolytic and cellulolytic activities in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Cao ◽  
Don L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Isozyme Pattern ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Carbon Nutrition ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Increased Activity

Four strains of an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Pisolithus tinctorius, were investigated for carbon nutrition, and for production of hydrolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. Glucose, mannose, and cellobiose supported rapid mycelial growth of all four strains. Fructose was utilized by two strains, SMF and S359. Of the 10 hydrolytic enzymes examined, acid phosphatase, acid α-galactosidase, acid esterase, and acid β-glucosidase were found in all four strains. β-Galactosidase was only observed in strain S359. α-Mannosidase, β-mannosidase, α-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, and proteinase were not detected in any of the four strains. Isozyme patterns of β-glucosidase and esterase in the four strains were compared by activity staining after native gradient gel electrophoresis. The isozyme pattern of β-glucosidase showed three major forms in all four strains. In addition, two more isoforms were found in strain S370. All strains shared two esterase bands, while strain S370 had three more isoforms. Study on strain SMF indicated that acid β-glucosidase was expressed constitutively, with increased activity in cellobiose-containing media. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, a low level of endoglucanase and exoglucanase activity was observed in strains SMF and S359. Further study on S359 showed that high concentrations of nitrogen repressed the cellulolytic activity. When cellobiose served as carbon source, higher cellulolytic activity was observed. Cellulose did not induce higher activity.Key words: Pisolithus, ectomycorrhizal, β-glucosidase, hydrolytic enzymes, cellulolytic enzymes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of hollocelulase production by Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler during the submerged fermentation growth using RSM

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Chicatto ◽  
A Costa ◽  
H Nunes ◽  
CV Helm ◽  
LBB Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Sugar Cane Bagasse ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
High Concentrations

The cellulase proteins have a great importance in the enzymatic hydrolysis of woody biomass. Despite of costs being a major concern, it has been a stimulus to study basidiomycetes biochemical properties which degrade lignocellulosic material and have prompted the processes' study for obtaining cellulolytic enzymes in fungi. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of the initial nitrogen content on (ammonium sulfate) and on sugar cane bagasse, which hereby, acts as an inducer of hydrolytic enzymes to produce cellulases and xylanases, using three Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler strains as a transformation agent. A factorial design with 22 replications in the central point was conducted, varying concentrations of ammonium sulfate and sugar cane bagasse. The submerged cultures carried out in synthetic culture medium and incubated at 25°C for 7 days on an orbital shaker at 150 rpm. The total protein and cellulase activity as endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase and the xylanase was also determined. The results showed that the production of hydrolytic enzymes was stimulated by the presence of high concentrations of sugar cane bagasse (30g/L), characterizing it as an inducer due to the demonstrated proportional relationship. Thus, ammonium sulfate acted as a reducing agent in the synthesis of enzymes, being the low concentrations (0.1g/L) indicated for the enzyme production system under study. Among the studied strains, the EF52 showed higher activity for xylanase, endoglucanases, β-glucosidase and also protein.

scholarly journals An Efficient and Improved Methodology for the Screening of Industrially Valuable Xylano-Pectino-Cellulolytic Microbes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avtar Singh ◽  
Amanjot Kaur ◽  
Anita Dua ◽  
Ritu Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
First Report ◽  
Primary Screening

Xylano-pectino-cellulolytic enzymes are valuable enzymes of the industrial sector. In our earlier study, we have reported a novel and cost effective methodology for the qualitative screening of cellulase-free xylano-pectinolytic microorganisms by replacing the commercial, highly expensive substrates with agricultural residues, but the microorganisms with xylanolytic, pectinolytic, cellulolytic, xylano-pectinolytic, xylano-cellulolytic, pectino-cellulolytic, and xylano-pectino-cellulolytic potential were obtained. The probability of getting the desired combination was low, so efforts were made to further improve this cost effective methodology for obtaining the high yield of the microbes capable of producing desired combination of enzymes. By inclusion of multiple enrichment steps in sequence, using only practically low cost substrates and without any nutrient media till primary screening stage, this improved novel protocol for screening gave only the desired microorganisms with xylano-pectino-cellulolytic activity. Using this rapid, efficient, cost effective, and improved methodology, microbes with required combination of enzymes can be obtained and the probability of getting the desired microorganisms is cent percent. This is the first report presenting the methodology for the isolation of xylano-pectino-cellulolytic positive microorganisms at low cost and consuming less time.

A Reassessment of Polyphosphate Granule Composition in the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Pisolithus tinctorius

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Orlovich ◽  
AE Ashford ◽  
GC Cox
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Cation Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Major Cation ◽  
Phosphorus Containing

Comparison of the elemental composition of freeze-substituted and conventionally fixed phosphorus-containing granules of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, shows that the cation composition is altered appreciably by the method of specimen preparation. Following conventional chemical fixation, the major cation detected in the granules together with phosphorus was calcium, while freeze-substituted granules most frequently contained phosphorus, potassium and sodium. We conclude that chemical fixation causes serious loss or redistribution of ions. The occurrence of monovalent cations in polyphosphate granules has not previously been demonstrated for mycorrhizal fungi and their presence should be considered in determining the role of the granules in mycorrhizas.

Effet du phosphate et du calcium sur la croissance et l'accumulation ionique chez les champignons ectomycorhiziens en culture in vitro

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2600-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mousain ◽  
Louis Salsac
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Total P

The orthophosphate and calcium influence on growth and ionic accumulation was studied in several ectomycorrhizal fungi (Pisolithus tinctorius included) grown in vitro. The "optimal" growth was obtained with [Formula: see text] concentrations much lower than those of usual media: it may be represented by an exponential function, the parameters ("maximal" growth and "concentration of half-maximal growth") of which were calculated. For low phosphate and calcium concentrations in the medium the dry matter mass of the mycelium and their content of the two elements increased simultaneously. For high concentrations, an accumulation independant of growth was observed in the thalli. When the P. tinctorius mycelium accumulated phosphate and calcium in relatively large amounts, these accumulations seemed to be not correlated. Rather, the correlation between the accumulation of total phosphorus and that of potassium was significant. The ratio of acid-soluble P to total P decreased in the mycelium when the orthophosphate concentration increased in the medium.

Cellulosomes localise on the surface of membrane vesicles from the cellulolytic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Ichikawa ◽  
Satoru Ogawa ◽  
Ayami Nishida ◽  
Yuzuki Kobayashi ◽  
Toshihito Kurosawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Thermocellum ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacterium ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Degradation Activity ◽  
Enzyme Complexes

ABSTRACTMembrane vesicles released from bacteria contribute to cell–cell communication by carrying various cargos such as proteins, nucleic acids and signaling molecules. Cellulolytic bacteria have been isolated from many environments, yet the function of membrane vesicles for cellulolytic ability has been rarely described. Here, we show that a Gram-positive cellulolytic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum released membrane vesicles, each approximately 50–300 nm in diameter, into the broth. The observations with immunoelectron microscopy also revealed that cellulosomes, which are carbohydrate-active enzyme complexes that give C. thermocellum high cellulolytic activity, localized on the surface of the membrane vesicles. The membrane vesicles collected by ultracentrifugation maintained the cellulolytic activity. Supplementation with the biosurfactant surfactin or sonication treatment disrupted the membrane vesicles in the exoproteome of C. thermocellum and significantly decreased the degradation activity of the exoproteome for microcrystalline cellulose. However, these did not affect the degradation activity for soluble carboxymethyl cellulose. These results suggest a novel function of membrane vesicles: C. thermocellum releases cellulolytic enzymes on the surface of membrane vesicles to enhance the cellulolytic activity of C. thermocellum for crystalline cellulose.

Ultrastructural Localization of Cellulase in Diplodia Maydis and in D. Maydis-Infected Com Stalk Tissue

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Judith A. Murphy ◽  
Mary R. Thompson ◽  
A.J. Pappelis
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cupric Oxide ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
X Ray

BeMiller et.al.(l) found that D. maydis did not have the solubilizing enzyme C1. They reported that D- maydis exhibited cellulolytic activity constitutively, and hypothesized that the cellulolytic enzymes were attached to fungal hyphal surfaces because they found cellulase released to the culture medium only after the growth period, when available cellulose had been used up.The purpose of this study was to determine the location of cellulolytic enzymes (EC 3.2.1.4; beta-1,4-glucan glucanohydrolase) in D. maydis and D. maydis-infected corn tissue at the ultrastructural level.Cellulase activity produces glucose as an end product which will reduce cupric oxide and can be visualized with an EM because it is electron dense and the Cu component can be verified with x-ray analysis(Figs.l,2). After thorough washing, samples fixed in aldehydes are incubated in a substrate mixture at a low pH. The enzyme is activated and reducing sugar is released. The sample is then reacted with Benedict's solution at a high temperature, allowing CuO crystals to be deposited at the site of reaction.

ECTOMYCORRHIZAE AND RATE OF WATER DEFICIT DEVELOPMENT INFLUENCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PINUS TAEDA L. SEEDLINGS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143G-1143
Author(s):  
Sven E. Svenson ◽  
F. T. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Pinus taeda L. seedlings inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus, Pisolithus tinctorius, were grown in a glasshouse for eight months, and then subjected to rapidly developing cyclic water deficits, or to a single slowly developing water deficit. Water deficits developed at a rate of -0.16 MPa per day (predawn total water potential) for five cyclic water deficits, and at -0.04 MPa per day for the slow water deficit. In unstressed seedlings, carbon exchange rates (CER) did not differ between noninoculated and inoculated seedlings. During slow water deficit development, CER steadily declined. During rapid water deficit development, CER remained unchanged, then declined rapidly when water potentials fell below -1.3 MPa. Inoculated seedlings had higher CER when water potential was lower than -1.5 MPa.

scholarly journals PROSPECTING CYANOBACTERIA-FORTIFIED COMPOSTS AS PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING AND BIOCONTROL AGENTS IN COTTON

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
RADHA PRASANNA ◽  
SANTOSH BABU ◽  
NGANGOM BIDYARANI ◽  
ARUN KUMAR ◽  
SODIMALLA TRIVENI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Increased Activity

SUMMARYThe potential of cyanobacteria-based compost formulations was evaluated in cotton crop at two agro-ecological locations (Nagpur and Sirsa) as plant growth promoting (PGP) and biocontrol agents. Compost-based formulations fortified withCalothrixsp. orAnabaenasp. enhanced germination and fresh weight of plants, and microbiological activity by 10–15%, besides increased available nitrogen (by 20–50%) in soil at Nagpur. In the fungi-infected fields at Sirsa,Anabaena–T. viridebiofilmed formulation performed the best, recording 11.1% lower plant mortality than commercialTrichodermaformulation. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the colonisation of inoculated cyanobacteria/biofilms on roots. Significant correlation between mortality, increased activity of hydrolytic enzymes and fresh weight of plant roots were recorded.Calothrixsp. andAnabaenasp. proved promising as both PGP and biocontrol agents, while biofilmed formulations substantially reduced mortality of cotton plants in sick plots. This study illustrates the promise of cyanobacteria as viable inoculation option for integrated nutrient and pest management strategies of cotton.

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