scholarly journals Automated recognition and sorting of recycled textiles for sustainable fashion

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Zlatin Zlatev ◽  
Julieta Ilieva
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Separation Function ◽  
Textile Fibers ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
Sustainable Fashion ◽  
Recognition Systems

The application of the principles of sustainable fashion is one of the solutions to reduce the amount of waste from textile production and the use of such fabrics. Spectrophotometric methods have effective application in this subject area. In the present work, an analysis of known methods and approaches applied so far using the techniques of spectral analysis. The proposed methods and procedures lead to improvement and facilitation of the process of classification of textile fibers in sorting and recycling of textile fabrics, in order to implement in automated systems. The proposed analysis tools do not require high cost equipment and complex calculation procedures. They can be implemented in portable devices and microprocessor-based recognition systems. It has been found that two principal components and two latent variables are sufficient to describe the variance in the data. This significantly reduces the amount of data used to analyze textile fibers by their spectral characteristics. It has been shown that the accuracy of textile fiber classification does not depend on the type of separation function of the classifier used. This accuracy depends on the spectral characteristics used, the method for reducing the volume of data, and the type of classifier. The obtained results can be used in the development of recognition systems for sorting textile fabrics depending on the composition of their fibers. In this way, the principles of sustainable fashion will be effectively applied. Also, the proposed methods and tools can be used in the training of future specialists in the subject area.

Osklen: the aesthetics of social change

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Poldner ◽  
Olga Ivanova ◽  
Oana Branzei
Keyword(s):  
Subject Area ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Master Of Business Administration ◽  
Corporate Ownership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Expansion ◽  
Expansion Strategy ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Sustainable Fashion ◽  
Eco Fashion

Subject area Sustainable fashion. Study level/applicability Bachelor Degree/Master Degree, Master of Business Administration (MBA), PhD. Case overview The case focuses on Osklen, one of the world’s first eco-fashion brands, founded in 1989 by Oskar Metsavaht. For the past 26 years, Osklen had become Brazil’s foremost sustainable luxury venture, and since 2012, under first minority and then majority corporate ownership, pursued an aggressive global expansion strategy. The dilemma of the case juxtaposes Osklen’s creative aesthetics, which leverage unique Brazilian beauty in nature and heritage, with the financial pressures of global expansion. The tension is exacerbated by the 2015 corruption scandal, which decelerated the Brazilian economy and reduced consumer spending on sustainable luxuries in Osklen’s home market; it also risked compromising the appeal of Brazilian brands elsewhere. The case explores the complex interconnections between local and global aspects of sustainability and brings forward the environmental, social and cultural aspects of brands and business to the foreground. The case also illustrates how economic crises impact brands from the initial creative inspiration to the prospects of global expansion. Expected learning outcomes Students will master tools for strategic analysis (VRIN framework and scenario planning) to a company evolving in an emerging economy. They will learn about the ways to consider and communicate sustainability. Students will be exposed to the importance of aesthetics and multi-sensoriality in business activities. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy

scholarly journals Classified Vector Quantization and its Application on Compression of Iris Images in the Safety of Marine Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Mirko Čorić ◽  
Zvonimir Lušić ◽  
Anita Gudelj
Keyword(s):  
Vector Quantization ◽  
Iris Recognition ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Recognition Process ◽  
Compressed Images ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
And Storage

As a standard, 512 byte IrisCode templates developed with specific algorithms are stored in databases and used in iris recognition process. Future tendencies are to use exclusively real iris images rather than IrisCode templates in the iris recognition process. Many of current iris recognition systems use portable devices (e.g. iris scanners) which are often required to transmit image or template over communication channel. Image compression can be used in order to reduce the transmission time and storage capacities. Classified Vector Quantization (CVQ) and ordinary Vector Quantization (VQ) are used for compression of greyscale iris images collected from one of the available public databases of iris images. Results show that both compression methods are significantly more effective when applied to iris images than when applied to average images from everyday environments since iris images are fairly uniform and contain lowcontrast levels. Originally, CVQ is used to improve the quality of edges of compressed images because they are the most important part of image for visual impression on humans. The paper presents the comparison and major advantage of CVQ over ordinary VQ in terms of significant time reduction needed for iris images to be coded, and therefore it highlights a new important application of CVQ.

Application of Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis to Textile Fibers

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
W. R. Goynes ◽  
J. H. Carra
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Textile Fibers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
Flame Retardant Chemicals ◽  
Textile Products

In development of chemically finished textile products it is advantageous to be able to determine locations of interactions of finish and fiber. Microscopical tests have been developed for this purpose but those showing internal fiber interactions have been largely subjective. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis has extended the capability for location of deposited or reacted elemental species from fabric finishes.Effectiveness and durability of flame-retardant finishes for textile fabrics depend in part on location and distribution of flame-retardant chemicals. Location of the finish within yarn and fiber structures aids in production of the most efficient flame-retardant product and may serve as well for quality control of flame-retardant processes.

scholarly journals Modification of the Pre-Processing Stage of a Traffi Sign Recognition System Taking into Account the Characteristics of the Subject Area

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Pchelintsev
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Traffic Sign Recognition ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Sign Recognition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
High Level

Traffic sign recognition systems require a high level of responsiveness and accuracy with limited use of computing resources. The process of image pre-processing precedes the process of directly recognizing images, therefore, the recognition results depend on its effectiveness. When conducting pre-processing, it is important to take into account the features of the subject area, within which recognition is performed. The article discusses the process of pre-processing and preparing images in the context of creating a system for recognizing road signs. The main problems that arise during the operation of such a system are identified. Their solutions are proposed. Own combination of these solutions allowed us to create a new system for recognizing road signs, which gives a gain in processing speed by cutting off images of no interest before entering the classifier, and also taking into account the peculiarities of operation in an urban environment – more difficult conditions compared with recognition of road signs on tracks or on artificially created training grounds.

Efficient Spectroscopic Calibration Using Net Analyte Signal and Pure Component Projection Methods

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Cogdill ◽  
Carl A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Process Analytical Technology ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Pure Component ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Net Analyte Signal ◽  
Analyte Signal

In the wake of FDA's finalisation of the process analytical technology guidance to industry, the application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for quality analysis in pharmaceutical manufacturing has continued to grow. The required level of variation needed to develop a NIR method often exceeds that observed in a well-controlled pharmaceutical production process. This insufficiency can be addressed by developing non-production samples to introduce range, but at high cost in labour and complexity. The recently-introduced pure-component projection (PCP) method utilises the information in the spectral characteristics of pure sample constituents to reduce NIR spectra to a univariate signal, thereby mitigating the need for non-production samples. The PCP method is compared to net analyte signal (NAS) processing and PLS regression calibration when relatively little calibration data are available. The predictive performance of all algorithms was observed to be similar, although NAS and PCP have advantages in selecting the optimal number of latent variables for calibration. PCP holds a definite advantage as the only algorithm capable of producing a sensitive, linear regression coefficient vector without chemical reference data or non-production samples.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll Assessment and Sensitive Wavelength Exploration for Tea (Camellia sinensis) Based on Reflectance Spectral Characteristics

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1586-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-li Li ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

A nondestructive method for the determination of chlorophyll index for the tea plant based on reflectance spectral characteristics was investigated. Spectral data were collected from 184 samples with a spectroradiometer in a field experiment. Multivariate analysis techniques, including partial least squares (PLS) and multiple linear regression (MLR), were used for developing calibration models for the determination of chlorophyll index of the tea plant. The best calibration model was achieved using the PLS technique with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.95, a se of prediction of 3.40, and a bias of 1.9e−06. When the model was used for predicting the unknown samples, good performance was also obtained with r of 0.91, se of calibration of 4.77, and bias of 0.02. Sensitive wavelengths were selected through loading analysis of latent variables in the optimal PLS model, and the validity of these wavelengths was proved by MLR and statistical analysis. Three fingerprint wavelengths (488, 695, and 931 nm) were determined and could potentially be used for developing a simple, low-cost, and efficient instrument for the measurement of chlorophyll index. The results proved the feasibility of reflectance spectra for measurement of chlorophyll index of the tea plant.

scholarly journals Experimental Validation of a Reliable Palmprint Recognition System Based on 2D Ultrasound Images

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Iula ◽  
Monica Micucci
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Palmprint Recognition ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Biometric Recognition ◽  
Identification Rate ◽  
Acoustic Coupling ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
Recognition Systems

Ultrasound has been trialed in biometric recognition systems for many years, and at present different types of ultrasound fingerprint readers are being produced and integrated in portable devices. An important merit of the ultrasound is its ability to image the internal structure of the hand, which can guarantee improved recognition rates and resistance to spoofing attacks. In addition, ambient noise like changes of illumination, humidity, or temperature, as well as oil or ink stains on the skin do not affect the ultrasound image. In this work, a palmprint recognition system based on ultrasound images is proposed and experimentally validated. The system uses a gel pad to obtain acoustic coupling between the ultrasound probe and the user’s hand. The collected volumetric image is processed to extract 2D palmprints at various under-skin depths. Features are extracted from one of these 2D palmprints using a line-based procedure. Recognition performances of the proposed system were evaluated by performing both verification and identification experiments on a home-made database containing 281 samples collected from 32 different volunteers. An equal error rate of 0.38% and an identification rate of 100% were achieved. These results are very satisfactory, even if obtained with a relatively small database. A discussion on the causes of bad acquisitions is also presented, and a possible solution to further optimize the acquisition system is suggested.

scholarly journals ACOUSTIC INVARIANT APPROACH TO SPEECH SOUND ANALYSIS FOR BRAND NEW SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEMS (UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH)

2014 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Maksym O. Vakulenko
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Sound Synthesis ◽  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
Sound Features ◽  
Invariant Approach

On the basis of acoustic invariant speech analysis (AISA), the permanent spectral characteristics of the Ukrainian vowels are obtained for various ways of pronunciation including ordinary speech, whisper and changing tone. It is shown that the lowest phonemic frequencies due to vocal fold oscillations or to Helmholtz resonance are not associated with persistent sound features. It is conjectured that the only phonemic invariant is the ratio between formant frequencies, not their absolute values. This analysis is complemented by the computer sound synthesis. We show also that the acoustic invariants of the Ukrainian sound [i] are close to that of English [I]. The results obtained may be useful for specialists in the field of experimental phonetics and speech modelling.

scholarly journals Urban Environmental Quality Assessment by Spectral Characteristics of Mulberry (Morus L.) Leaves

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Snejana Dineva ◽  
Petya Veleva-Doneva ◽  
Zlatin Zlatev
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
Mulberry Leaf

In this paper, an analysis of the possibility of passive determination of the degree of environmental pollution based on data from the leaf blade of mulberry is made. With existing solutions in this area, the mulberry has been found to be under-researched. A disadvantage of the available solutions is that spectral indices are used, which is not a sufficient criterion for passively determining the degree of air pollution based on the surface characteristics of the mulberry leaves. Methods have been used to reduce the amount of data by latent variables and principal components. It has been found that a kernel variant of the principal components, combined with linear discriminant analysis, is an appropriate method for distinguishing the degree of air pollution from mulberry leaf data. The results obtained can be used to refine the approaches used to passively determine the degree of air pollution in the habitat area of the plant. Methods and software tools could be used to develop mobile applications and new approaches to remote sensing, in express determination of the degree of environmental pollution, according to data from the mulberry leaves.

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