Ionization increases associated with the small solar proton events of 5 February 1965 and 16 July 1966

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Lower Ionosphere ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Geographic Latitude ◽  
Electron Number ◽  
Partial Reflection ◽  
D Region ◽  
Resolute Bay ◽  
Solar Proton Events

Observations of partial reflections from the ionosphere at vertical incidence at 2.66 MHz have been made at Resolute Bay, geographic latitude 74.7 °N, since September 1963. By measuring the amplitudes of the ordinary and extraordinary backscattered waves information is obtained about electron number densities in the lower ionosphere. The results presented in this paper show that the partial reflection technique is more sensitive than most other ground-based experiments for the detection of D-region ionization increases associated with small solar proton events. Results obtained by the partial reflection experiment during the events of 5 February 1965 and 16 July 1966 are presented and compared with VLF and satellite observations.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Leprosy Incidence: A Comprehensive Analysis of Observations in Wenshan of China, Nepal, and Other Global Epidemic Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ye Li ◽  
Sunaula Shakya ◽  
Heng Long ◽  
Lian-Fa Shen ◽  
Yi-Qun Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Geographic Latitude ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
Causes And Risk Factors ◽  
Control Division ◽  
Leprosy Control

Leprosy remains endemic in some regions and is a global health concern. However, the possible causes and risk factors of the disease remain unclear. Data in Wenshan, China were collected from the Wenshan Institute of Dermatology (1986–2015); data in Nepal were obtained from the Leprosy Control Division, Department of Health Services, Nepal (2011 to 2015); and data from Indonesia, India, and Brazil were collected from WHO records. We assessed the epidemiological trends of leprosy in Wenshan and compared the features of possible causes and risk factors with those of other countries. We then performed a descriptive and statistical analysis to make our study more purposeful and definitive. A total of 3,376 cases were detected in Wenshan from 1986 to 2015. The overall prevalence rate (PR) of leprosy presented a decreasing trend with a peak (4.9/10,000 population) in 1986. The detection of new leprosy cases was higher in males than in females. Visible deformity increased every year since 2005 with a disability of 34.8% in 2015 among new cases. In Nepal, 2,461 leprosy patients received multi-drug therapy (MDT) in 2015 which corresponded to the PR of 0.89/10,000 population. Geographic latitude and socio-economic situations appeared to be the main causes of leprosy, and the healthcare condition was an important factor associated with leprosy incidence. The introduction of MDT effectively reduced leprosy prevalence worldwide. Wenshan (China), Nepal, and other countries share similarities in various aspects with respect to socio-cultural features, geographical distribution, environmental factors, and economic situation, which may contribute to leprosy being endemic in these areas.

scholarly journals Effect of Height and Geographic Latitude of Location of GPS Station on Ratio of Total Amount of Water Vapors on Wet Delay of GPS Signals

Positioning ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Garib Shamil Mamedov ◽  
Ramiz Ahmed Eminov ◽  
Elchin Ibad Maharramov ◽  
Hikmat Hamid Asadov
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Latitude ◽  
Water Vapors ◽  
Gps Station

scholarly journals Statistics of the sodium layer parameters at low geographic latitude and its impact on adaptive-optics sodium laser guide star characteristics

2010 ◽  
Vol 511 ◽  
pp. A31 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Moussaoui ◽  
B. R. Clemesha ◽  
R. Holzlöhner ◽  
D. M. Simonich ◽  
D. Bonaccini Calia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Laser Guide Star ◽  
Geographic Latitude ◽  
Sodium Layer ◽  
Guide Star ◽  
Laser Guide ◽  
Sodium Laser

scholarly journals Sq field characteristics at Phu Thuy, Vietnam, during solar cycle 23: comparisons with Sq field in other longitude sectors

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pham Thi Thu ◽  
C. Amory-Mazaudier ◽  
M. Le Huy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Equatorial Electrojet ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Geographic Latitude ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Cycle 23

Abstract. Quiet days variations in the Earth's magnetic field (the Sq current system) are compared and contrasted for the Asian, African and American sectors using a new dataset from Vietnam. This is the first presentation of the variation of the Earth's magnetic field (Sq), during the solar cycle 23, at Phu Thuy, Vietnam (geographic latitudes 21.03° N and longitude: 105.95° E). Phu Thuy observatory is located below the crest of the equatorial fountain in the Asian longitude sector of the Northern Hemisphere. The morphology of the Sq daily variation is presented as a function of solar cycle and seasons. The diurnal variation of Phu Thuy is compared to those obtained in different magnetic observatories over the world to highlight the characteristics of the Phu Thuy observations. In other longitude sectors we find different patterns. At Phu Thuy the solar cycle variation of the amplitude of the daily variation of the X component is correlated to the F.10.7 cm solar radiation (~0.74). This correlation factor is greater than the correlation factor obtained in two observatories located at the same magnetic latitudes in other longitude sectors: at Tamanrasset in the African sector (~0.42, geographic latitude ~22.79) and San Juan in the American sector (~0.03, geographic latitude ~18.38). At Phu Thuy, the Sq field exhibits an equinoctial and a diurnal asymmetry: – The seasonal variation of the monthly mean of X component exhibits the well known semiannual pattern with 2 equinox maxima, but the X component is larger in spring than in autumn. Depending of the phase of the sunspot cycle, the maximum amplitude of the X component varies in spring from 30 nT to 75 nT and in autumn from 20 nT to 60 nT. The maximum amplitude of the X component exhibits roughly the same variation in both solstices, varying from about ~20 nT to 50 nT, depending on the position into the solar cycle. – In all seasons, the mean equinoctial diurnal Y component has a morning maximum Larger than the afternoon minimum i.e. the equivalent current flow over a day is more southward than northward. During winter, the asymmetry is maximum, it erases the afternoon minimum. At the Gnangara observatory, in Asian Southern Hemisphere, the diurnal Y pattern is opposite and the current flow is more northward. It seems that in the Asian sector, the northern and southern Sq current cells both contribute strongly to the equatorial electrojet. The pattern is different in the African and American sectors where the northern Sq current cell contribution to the equatorial electrojet is smaller than the southern one. These observations can explain the unexpected maximum of amplitude of the equatorial electrojet observed in the Asian sector where the internal field is very large. During winter the Y component flow presents an anomaly, it is always southward during the whole day and there is no afternoon northward circulation.

Geographic Latitude and the Efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 982-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Wilson ◽  
H. V. Fineberg ◽  
G. A. Colditz
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Geographic Latitude

ENDOCRINE PROFILE OF THE MALE POPULATION IN RUSSIA DEPENDING ON THE GEOGRAPHIC LATITUDE OF OCCUPATION

Human Ecology ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Tipisova ◽  
A. E. Elfimova ◽  
I. N. Gorenko ◽  
V. A. Popkova
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Latitude ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Endocrine Profile

scholarly journals Evidence That Latitude is Directly Related to Variation in Suicide Rates

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 572-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E Davis ◽  
Walter E Lowell
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Geographic Latitude ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Positive Linear Relation

Objective: To use available suicide-rate data from 20 countries to see patterns and relations more clearly. Method: We obtained raw suicide rates from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) database from 1960 through 1997 and calculated averages and standard deviations. Results: There is a positive linear relation between the variation in suicide rate and geographic latitude. Conclusions: The variation in light-dark cycles is superimposed upon human mood.

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