Influence of Induction Method on Supersaturation: Comparison of Solvent Shift and pH Shift for Weak Bases

In all spheres business experts try to raise competitiveness of the company by different ways, for instance at the expense of more efficient redistribution of available resources (costs). Objectives connected with modeling and optimizing resources used in advertising are becoming the most topical. Deeper knowledge in planning and conducting any marketing and advertising campaigns are in demand today among many specialists. The process of searching for and finding optimum costs of advertising in the Internet as a factor of the rise in the company sustainability can be successfully shaped through universal matrix methods of solution (e.g. simplex-method). Objectives which cannot be resolved by this method can be supplemented by such economic indicators, as profitability of investment and return on one ruble. The article summarizes the instrumental base dealing with estimating the efficiency of events connected with customer attraction to such a fast growing industry as internet-services. The author proposes besides traditional ways of expense optimization to take into account economic indicators connected with profitability of each sale channel. The following tools were used in the research: modeling, induction method, investment analysis, methods of statistics and formal logics, multi-criteria optimization, specific software meant for solving similar tasks, in particular special macros for excel table.

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A Call for a European Prohibition of Monoclonal Antibody Production by the Ascites Procedure in Laboratory Animals

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119299802600414 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 523-536

Author(s):

Coenraad F.M. Hendriksen

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Induction Method ◽

Therapeutic Application ◽

Monoclonal Antibody Production ◽

In Vitro Methods ◽

Appeals Process ◽

Core Facilities ◽

Mab Production

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are particularly valuable in therapeutics and research. Unfortunately, one of the most familiar methods of producing mAbs, the ascites induction method, causes pain and distress to the animals used. In most cases, non-animal or in vitro alternatives can be employed to reduce or eliminate the use of animals for mAb production. Prohibition of the use of animals in the production of mAbs is recommended, except when the replacement in vitro methods prove to be insufficient, and in a limited number of other well-documented cases, such as an exceptional need for an emergency therapeutic application. A total ban on the use of animals for mAb production is impractical and it is imperative that an appeals process should accompany the prohibition. The need for the establishment of core facilities for in vitro mAb production is emphasised.

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Coughing as a potentially effective induction method of atrial tachycardia: a case report

European Heart Journal - Case Reports ◽

10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa459 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Reina Tonegawa-Kuji ◽

Kenichiro Yamagata ◽

Kengo Kusano

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Vein ◽

Atrial Tachycardia ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

P Wave ◽

Induction Method ◽

Voluntary Cough ◽

Wave Morphology ◽

The Right

Abstract Background Cough-induced atrial tachycardia (AT) is extremely rare and its electrical origin remains largely unknown. Atrial tachycardias triggered by pharyngeal stimulation, such as swallowing or speech, appears to be more common and the majority of them originate from the superior vena cava or right superior pulmonary vein (PV). Only one case of swallow-triggered AT with right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV) origin has been reported to date. Case summary We present a case of a 41-year-old man with recurring episodes of AT in the daytime. He underwent electrophysiology study without sedation. Atrial tachycardia was not observed when the patient entered the examination room and could not be induced with conventional induction procedures. By having the patient cough periodically on purpose, transient AT with P-wave morphology similar to the clinical AT was consistently induced. Activation mapping of the AT revealed a centrifugal pattern with the earliest activity localized inside the RIPV. After successful radiofrequency isolation of the right PV, AT was no longer inducible. Discussion In the rare case of cough-induced AT originating from the RIPV, the proximity of the inferior right ganglionated plexi (GP) suggests the role of GP in triggering tachycardia. This is the first report that demonstrates voluntary cough was used to induce AT. In such cases that induction of AT is difficult using conventional methods, having the patient cough may be an effective induction method that is easy to attempt.

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An In Vivo Predictive Dissolution Methodology (iPD Methodology) with a BCS Class IIb Drug Can Predict the In Vivo Bioequivalence Results: Etoricoxib Products

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13040507 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 507

Author(s):

Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez ◽

Marival Bermejo ◽

Yasuhiro Tsume ◽

Alejandro Ruiz-Picazo ◽

Marta Gonzalez-Alvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Concentrations ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Case Examples ◽

Dissolution Studies ◽

Weak Bases ◽

Transit Times ◽

Class Iib ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this study was to predict in vivo performance of three oral products of Etoricoxib (Arcoxia® as reference and two generic formulations in development) by conducting in vivo predictive dissolution with GIS (Gastro Intestinal Simulator) and computational analysis. Those predictions were compared with the results from previous bioequivalence (BE) human studies. Product dissolution studies were performed using a computer-controlled multicompartmental dissolution device (GIS) equipped with three dissolution chambers, representing stomach, duodenum, and jejunum, with integrated transit times and secretion rates. The measured dissolved amounts were modelled in each compartment with a set of differential equations representing transit, dissolution, and precipitation processes. The observed drug concentration by in vitro dissolution studies were directly convoluted with permeability and disposition parameters from literature to generate the predicted plasma concentrations. The GIS was able to detect the dissolution differences among reference and generic formulations in the gastric chamber where the drug solubility is high (pH 2) while the USP 2 standard dissolution test at pH 2 did not show any difference. Therefore, the current study confirms the importance of multicompartmental dissolution testing for weak bases as observed for other case examples but also the impact of excipients on duodenal and jejunal in vivo behavior.

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