Design, Simulation, Implementation and Measurement of Respiration Rate by Strain Gauge Sensor and Induction Method

The human body has vital parameters such as respiration, heart rate, and body temperature. Respiratory rate (RR) is a parameter that expresses the rate of respiration per minute. Respiratory activities play an essential role in human life. The rate of respiration has a particular range, which is 14-18 cycles per minute for a healthy and normal person at rest. The oxygen in the blood enters the body during respiration and is expelled as carbon dioxide in return. Any problems with breathing may pose a serious health risk. An abnormal breathing pattern indicates serious illnesses such as cardiac arrest and hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU) and when it falls below a certain limit, it indicates a loss of consciousness. This is why it is so imperative to develop devices and methods measuring respiration rates.

Assessment of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes According to Induction Methods Following Negative Oxytocin Challenge Test

Purpose: To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes in high-risk patients who had negative OCTs and to investigate the effects of methods of induction on the development of fetal distress. Methods: The hospital records of patients were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. Results: OCT was performed in 551 patients and was negative in 447 patients. Among patients with a negative OCT, labor induction was preferred in 427 (95.5%) patients. When fetal distress development was assessed according to the induction method used following a negative OCT, and fetal distress developed in 9.1% of 427 patients who underwent labor induction. Conclusion: When outcomes were considered in pregnant women with a negative OCT, it was observed that there were no fetal deaths and a limited number of newborns with low Apgar scores. Further randomized studies are needed to draw definitive conclusions.

Analysis of Magnetic Forces in the Working Clearance with Magnetic-Abrasive Treatment of Inductors on Standing Magnets

The authors describe the method of calculating the magnetic forces in the working gap in the case of magnetically abrasive machining of flat surfaces of billets from magnetic materials by the periphery of a circular inductor on permanent magnets. The application of the software package ANSIS Maxwell for the calculation of the magnetic induction method in the working gap and the magnetic forces of the magnetically abrasive powder acting on the grain is shown. As a result of the work, the magnetic induction in the working gap was calculated for magnetically abrasive machining of flat surfaces of billets from magnetic materials by an inducer on permanent magnets. Also, calculations showed the distribution of the magnetic abrasive powder in the working gap, depending on the material of the workpiece being processed. In the case of magnetically abrasive machining of a magnetic workpiece, the powder in the working gap is concentrated in the zones with the greatest density of force lines - under the inductor poles. An analysis is made of the distribution of magnetic forces in the working gap during magnetic abrasive machining.

Queen Jadwiga of Anjou’s influence on the composition of the Polish episcopate

This article aims to present Queen Jadwiga’ actual influence on nominations for episcopal sees during her reign (1384–1386) and joint rule with Władysław Jagiełło (1386–1399). Until now, except for Krzysztof Ożóg, researchers expressed only a marginal interest in the subject. The author cites relevant views contained in all major studies on Jadwiga’s reign as well as analyses all available sources, mainly printed ones, both papal documents and chronicles, with special regard to the works of Jan Długosz. Using the induction method, the author analyses 22 nominations for episcopal sees. Contrary to the views expressed in the literature of the subject, Jadwiga did not influence all episcopal nominations she has been attributed with. Nonetheless, in some cases (e.g. Piotr Wysz from Kraków, Andrzej Jastrzębiec from Vilnius) we may argue that she exerted noticeable pressure; in other instances it was probably only more or less subtle. In all analysed nominations, whenever her role was clearly proved in sources, we may notice that Jadwiga was invariably cooperative in the common ecclesiastical policy which she pursued together with her husband. For example, both took advantage of the Holy Sees’ vulnerability in the era of the Occidental Schism, which allowed them to push their own candidates for episcopal seats. The present analysis revealed that with regard to the majority of most prestigious bishoprics in the Kingdom of Poland it was Jagiełło who had key influence on candidates for episcopal nominations, building his own political power base. At the same time, certain episcopal promotions, especially those in Ruthenia, Moldova and Mazovia, were reported inadequately and in few sources, hence Jadwiga’s and Władysław’s influence on the nominations of bishops can only be hypothetically determined.

kTMP: A New Non-invasive Magnetic Induction Method to Modulate Cortical Excitability.

We report a novel subthreshold non-invasive brain stimulation approach that we refer to as kilohertz transcranial magnetic perturbation, or kTMP. kTMP is a magnetic induction method that delivers kHz-frequency cortical E-fields and, through amplitude modulation of the kHz carrier frequency, may mimic E-fields at physiological frequencies. To evaluate the efficacy of kTMP, we used suprathreshold TMS to elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEP) in a peripheral muscle, comparing the amplitude of the MEPs before and after kTMP stimulation. In Experiment 1, we used non-modulated kTMP with an E-field amplitude of 2 V/m over motor cortex. Ten minutes of kTMP stimulation resulted in an increase in cortical excitability in a frequency-specific manner. We replicated this effect in Experiment 2 and found that amplitude-modulation at 20 Hz produced an additional boost in cortical excitability. The only percept associated with kTMP is a faint auditory tone, making kTMP ideal for double-blind experimentation.

Quality Improvement Incentive Strategy in Agricultural Products Supply Chain under Social Preference

This paper sets Stackelberg model of bilateral quality efforts decision dominated by supermarket in the agricultural products supply chain by considering fairness concern and altruistic reciprocity. We use backward induction method to compute and prove that A3P’ fairness concern can play the role of profit distribution mechanism in agricultural products supply chain, and has no effect on the bilateral quality efforts decision, total profit of supply chain and objective efficiency, but can improve both the subjective and objective fairness degree. Meanwhile, supermarket’s altruistic reciprocity can improve the total quality efforts and total profit of supply chain, optimize the objective efficiency and subjective fairness of supply chain.