1305 - Spreading of multi drug resistant bacterial groups originated from animal husbandry into environments evaluated by the method based on MPN/MERFLP.

Bacillus cereus, considered a worldwide human food-borne pathogen, has brought serious health risks to humans and animals and huge losses to animal husbandry. The plethora of diverse toxins and drug resistance are the focus for B. cereus. As an alternative treatment to antibiotics, probiotics can effectively alleviate the hazards of super bacteria, food safety, and antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and distribution of B. cereus in dairy cows and to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in a model of endometritis induced by multi-drug-resistant B. cereus. A strong poisonous strain with a variety of drug resistances was used to establish an endometrial epithelial cell infection model. B. cereus was shown to cause damage to the internal structure, impair the integrity of cells, and activate the inflammatory response, while L. rhamnosus could inhibit cell apoptosis and alleviate this damage. This study indicates that the B. cereus-induced activation of the NLRP3 signal pathway involves K+ efflux. We conclude that LGR-1 may relieve cell destruction by reducing K+ efflux to the extracellular caused by the perforation of the toxins secreted by B. cereus on the cell membrane surface.

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Antibiotic Resistance in the Veterinary Perspective

Global Applications of One Health Practice and Care - Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-6304-4.ch006 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 142-157

Author(s):

Sophia Inbaraj ◽

Vamshi Krishna Sriram ◽

Prasad Thomas ◽

Abhishek Verma ◽

Pallab Chaudhuri

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Food Chain ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Drug ◽

Antibiotics Use ◽

Genetic Mechanisms

Antibiotic resistance is an emerging threat to achieving one health all over the globe. The phenomenon leads to the emergence of drug-resistant microbes previously susceptible to an antibiotic. Drug-resistant microbes are the major reasons for medical complications like patient mortality and treatment failure. Unregulated use of antibiotics in animal husbandry is one of the major reasons for the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The resistance enters the human population mainly through the food chain. The genetic markers associated with drug resistance spread among different bacterial species by horizontal gene transfer mechanisms. Therefore, regulation of antibiotics use in animal husbandry and proper safety measures at farm level are necessary to check drug-resistant microbes entering the food chain. This chapter discusses the antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, genetic mechanisms involved, the spread of resistance, and also the available strategies to combat antimicrobial drug resistance.

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Public Toilets in a tertiary institution in the Southern part of Nigeria as Potential Reservoirs of Drug Resistant Pathogens

Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.4314/njb.v37i1.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 85-93

Author(s):

K. Otokunefor ◽

D.C. Chijioke ◽

J.A. Kalio ◽

G.O. Abu

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Load ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Tertiary Institution ◽

Potential Reservoir ◽

Potential Contributor ◽

Mar Index ◽

Floor Surfaces ◽

Bacterial Groups ◽

Public Toilets ◽

Standard Techniques

Toilets have long been viewed as a significant potential contributor to human infectious diseases. Various studies worldwide have explored the bacterial communities associated with toilets but only few have focused on their possible role as reservoirs of drug resistant pathogens. To explore this role, four different surfaces from a pay-to-use toilet complex at a tertiary institution in the Southern part of Nigeria were sampled using the swab-rinse technique. Sample processing was done to determine bacterial load, identify bacterial types present in the samples and determine antibiotic susceptibility using standard techniques. Similar levels of bacterial contamination were observed at all the 14 sampling points ranging from 3.6×104 to 2.7×105 CFU. A higher level of contamination was generally noted on the door handles and floor surfaces. Of the ten different bacterial groups identified, Shigella sp. and Salmonella sp. were the predominant groups (20.6% each). The test isolates showed a wide rate of resistance to antibiotics, with the highest observed against ofloxacin (98.3%) and the least against ceftriaxone (44.4%). Forty-three different antibiogram patterns were detected among the test isolates. Most of the bacteria (63.2%) were associated with MAR index values greater than 0.8. This study shows that public toilets could play a role not just as a reservoir of potential pathogens but more specifically as a potential reservoir of drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms with high MAR indices. Keywords: Toilet, Reservoir, MAR index, Nigeria

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A Methylene Blue Assisted Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli

Frontiers in Chemistry ◽

10.3389/fchem.2021.689735 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Rongshuai Duan ◽

Xiao Fang ◽

Dongliang Wang

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Methylene Blue ◽

Drug Sensitivity ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Sensitivity Test ◽

Test Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Drug Sensitivity Test

Due to the abuse of antibiotics in clinical, animal husbandry, and aquaculture, drug-resistant pathogens are produced, which poses a great threat to human and the public health. At present, a rapid and effective drug sensitivity test method is urgently needed to effectively control the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. Using methylene blue as a redox probe, the electrochemical signals of methylene blue in drug-resistant Escherichia coli strains were analyzed by a CV method. Graphene ink has been used for enhancing the electrochemical signal. Compared with the results of the traditional drug sensitivity test, we proposed a rapid electrochemical drug sensitivity test method which can effectively identify the drug sensitivity of Escherichia coli. The sensitivity of four E. coli isolates to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and ampicillin was tested by an electrochemical drug sensitivity test. The respiratory activity value %RA was used as an indicator of bacterial resistance by electrochemical method.

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