The condition of upper soil layer that causes severe damage to a land due to liquefaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hevina Muhanifah ◽  
Agus Darmawan Adi ◽  
Fikri Faris
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Severe Damage

Ultrastructure of the lesion induced by toxin T-514 isolated from K. humboldtiana in the alveolar region of the lung

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
Julio Sepúlveda-Saavedra ◽  
Beatriz González-Corona ◽  
Víctor A. Tamez Rodríguez ◽  
Ma. Victoria Bermúdez de Rocha ◽  
Alfredo Piñeyro López
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Alveolar Region ◽  
Histopathological Findings

It has been shown in previous studies that the toxin T-514 isolated from K. humboldtiana induces severe damage to the lung in treated rodents. Histopathological findings include edema, and alveolar hemorrage. However, the ultraestructure of the lesion has not been investigated. In this study we used two species of rodents: Hamster and guinea pig, and a primate: Macaca fascicularis. Animals received different single dosis of the toxin via intraperitoneal. Control animals received only the vehicle (propylen glycol). Inmediately after spontaneous death, lung samples were fixed in Karnovsky-Ito fixative, post fixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in epon. Thin sections were prepared with an Ultratome V LKB, stained with uranly acetate and lead citrate, and studied in an electron microscope Zeiss-EM109.

Impact Assessment of Dynamic Characteristics on the Hydraulic Driven Machinery Operation

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. D. Terenteva
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Error ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Vertical Coordinate ◽  
Construction Machinery ◽  
The Difference

In civil engineering in Russia, trenching for utilities is currently under digging. To perform such works, it is necessary to use high-precision construction machinery, because inaccurate performance of works can lead to the break down of existing utilities, thereby affecting the residents of nearby houses and demanding the additional works for renewal.The most universal labour saver to perform construction works is hydraulic driven single-bucket excavators, which provide up to 38% of works. Therefore, to improve technical characteristics that affect the accuracy of the work performed is an important task.High requirements for the performance of works are defined by existing construction regulations: an allowable soil layer to remain is at most 0.05 m. To fulfil such requirements, an exact assessment of the working mechanism position and a trench profile is necessary.Examination of a manually operated digging process shows that an operator provides operations untimely, however an automated control system can solve this problem. Dynamic phenomena in the working mechanism have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the works performed.To assess the bucket digging edge position accuracy, a mathematical model of the working mechanism has been created. Based on the cycle scheme of the working process, the excessive displacements of the hydraulic cylinder rods under the load are taken into account. By the end of the cycle, the difference between the specified and obtained positions along the vertical coordinate has been 0.0892 m.A dynamic error of the hydraulic drive system of the working mechanism is considered as a sum of the error due to excessive displacements of the hydraulic cylinder rods and the error due to delay of the hydraulic drive, with the latter being calculated for the average time of delay taking into account the data available in the literature. The total error of the bucket digging edge position of the working mechanism is 0.1176 m, which is 2 times more than the value of 0.05 mConformity of all the links with specification requirements does not guarantee compliance with the required displacement accuracy of the bucket digging edge, and, thus, the soil layer to remain in the base of the trench can exceed the regulated value of 0.05 m.

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

Cryogels as a solution to the issues of environmental management and trunk pipeline operation in Arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
Lyubov K. Altunina ◽  
◽  
Vladimir P. Burkov ◽  
Petr V. Burkov ◽  
Vitaly Y. Dudnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Trunk Pipeline ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Spatial Lattice

In the Russian Arctic, a soil cryostructuring technique (i.e. strengthening of soil horizons with cryogel-based composite materials with no excavation of unstable soils required) seems to be showing promise. Experiments have proven that mechanical and thermal insulation properties attributed to cryogels make them appropriate for use in strengthening and thermally insulating the soil, while their structure makes it possible to form a stable vegetation cover. Field experiments have confirmed that cryostructuring efficiently strengthens the soil layer with cryogels stimulating soil microflora. An experience of using cryotropic compositions in the oil and gas sector was described. Notably, cryogels can be used to strengthen unstable soil foundations of trunk pipelines, as well as to bind soil (e.g. on slopes). In addition, cryogels are advised for use in engineering protection to prevent the uneven settlement of a trench base and its creep: thus, cryogels are pumped into the soil of the trench bottom base to create a support system representing a spatial lattice. After the first freeze and thaw cycle, cryotropic material is formed and then increases its strength and elasticity with each new cycle. More broadly, opportunities have been considered regarding cryogels used in various engineering and geological conditions, while taking into account the outcomes of landscape and territorial analysis. It was concluded that cryogel-based composite materials are a promising innovative scientific field expanding technological capabilities for developing and using spaces and resources in the Russian Arctic.

Winter Survival Evaluation of 172 Groundcovers in Northern Illinois

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453d-453
Author(s):  
A.M. Shirazi ◽  
E.A. HedBorn ◽  
S.A. Mehaffey ◽  
A.S. Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Ajuga Reptans ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Cold Damage ◽  
Euonymus Fortunei

The winter hardiness of many groundcover cultivars in northern Illinois is not well-known. This study was designed to evaluate the survival of 172 plants used in the groundcover path at The Morton Arboretum. Once a month, from Sept.1997 to Jan. 1998, the plants chosen for this study were visually evaluated and their vitality rated on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = alive, 5 = dead). All nine cultivars of Euonymus fortunei remained virtually unchanged throughout the study period. Among six cultivars of Hedera helix, only `Gold Heart' showed minor damage in November. Nine Heuchera were evaluated and all exhibited excellent resistance to cold temperatures. While all the Pulmonarias studied showed some cold damage by November, `Bielefeld Pink', `Little Blue', `Roy Davidson', Pulmonaria longifolia var. cevennensis, and Pulmonaria officinalis `Sissinghurst White' fared the best for the longest period of time. Five cultivars of Pachysandra terminalis were included in this study. None had significant damage until November, and then only rated a “2.” Of the eight Ajuga evaluated, Ajuga pyramidalis `Metallica Crispa', and Ajuga reptans `Braunherz', `Catlin's Giant', and `Gaiety', exhibited the best cold resistance. Four Polygonums varied widely in their response to cold temperatures, but all showed signs of severe damage in November. Polygonum `Border Jewel' exhibited the best tolerance, rating a “1” in October, but in November it was given a rating of “4.” Their recovery in spring will be compared.

Outflows of Organic Halide Precursors from Forest Regions

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1877-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saito ◽  
K. Hattori ◽  
T. Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Organic Halide ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Surface Soil Layer

Outflows of organic halide precursors (OXPs) from forest regions were studied in relation to water quality monitoring in the Yodo River basin. Firstly, the contribution of outflows from forest regions relative to the total was roughly estimated. Then equations for flows of these substances were formulated, divided into four different subflow categories: precipitation; throughfall; surface soil layer; and, deep soil layer. Finally, annual outflow loads were calculated for a test forest area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document