Research of the possibilities of the existing transport system in Russia for the transportation of goods and methane-hydrogen mixtures for export

The theory of using hydrogen and hydrogen-methane mixtures (HMC) assumes the operation of an industrial cluster created in the presence of significant reserves of methane, excess electricity, trunk pipeline facilities for transportation and storage, as well as contracts for the supply of mixtures to the domestic market and export. For a balanced decision on the use of existing facilities of the gas transmission network and underground storage facilities for methane-hydrogen mixtures, determination of transit volumes, additional research is required in order to take into account the peculiarities of the behaviour of hydrogen and its mixtures. The authors carried out work to systematize the features of production and storage, assess the consequences of accompanying negative effects to maintain the operational reliability of the production complex. Taking into account the preliminary results, additional research and the adoption of national and industry standards are required before starting significant investments in the creation of a hydrogen energy industry.

Analysis of the trunk oil pipeline survivability in the zone of the butt welded joint

The article describes the development of a technique for analyzing the survivability of the trunk pipeline in the zone of the transverse weld during operation, taking into account the residual welding stresses. The calculation of residual welding stresses was performed by solving the problem of thermoelasto-viscoplasticity for a material with a non-stationary structure by the finite element method. Solving the nonlinear nonstationary heat conduction problem was carried out by the finite difference method using boundary conditions of the third kind. Modeling the kinetics of transformation of austenite into ferrite-pearlite and bainite under non-isothermal conditions during welding was carried out on the basis of the theory of isokinetic reactions. The calculation of survivability is based on the Irwin criterion and the Paris formula.

Assessment of influence of surface crack-like stress concentrators on main pipeline operability

Устранение поверхностных трещиноподобных дефектов типа «риска» на участках подводных переходов магистральных трубопроводов возможно методом вышлифовки на глубину до 20 % толщины трубы. Ранее было подтверждено, что в подводных условиях все основные методы неразрушающего контроля позволяют стабильно выявлять имеющиеся в зоне вышлифовки произвольно ориентированные поверхностные дефекты протяженностью от 20 мм и глубиной от 1,5 мм. Однако при меньших геометрических параметрах дефектов имеется вероятность их неполного устранения либо необнаружения. Для оценки возможности эксплуатации трубопровода с поверхностным дефектом с учетом принятых режимов диагностики проведены циклические испытания по критериям механики разрушений полноразмерных образцов с нанесенными в зоне вышлифовки поверхностными трещиноподобными концентраторами напряжений указанных размеров. Все группы образцов показали более чем двукратное превышение длительности инкубационного периода развития трещины по сравнению с количеством циклов нагружения, которое может испытать трубопровод за средний межинспекционный период эксплуатации. По результатам испытаний подтверждена возможность проведения ремонта поверхностных трещиноподобных дефектов типа «риска» на подводных переходах магистральных трубопроводов с различным сроком эксплуатации методом вышлифовки без установки кессона на ремонтируемый участок. Elimination of surface crack-like defects of the “risk” type on underwater crossing sections of trunk pipelines is possible by grinding to a depth of up to 20 % of pipe thickness. Previously, it was confirmed that in underwater conditions, all main non-destructive testing methods make it possible to stably identify randomly oriented surface defects in the grinding zone with a length of 20 mm and a depth of 1.5 mm. However, with smaller geometric parameters of defects, there is a possibility of their incomplete elimination or non-detection. To assess the possibility of operating a pipeline with surface defect, taking into account the accepted diagnostic modes, cyclic tests were carried out according to the fracture mechanics criteria of full-size specimens with surface crack-like stress concentrators of the indicated sizes applied in the grinding zone. All groups of samples showed more than a twofold excess of the duration of crack development incubation period in comparison with the number of loading cycles that the pipeline can experience during the average inter-inspection period of operation. Based on the test results, the possibility of repairing surface crack-like defects of the “risk” type at trunk pipeline underwater crossings with different service life by grinding without installing a caisson on the repaired section was confirmed.

Ensuring the reliable operation of tanks using leakage control systems: innovation and economics

Представлены результаты исследования, целью которого являлась оценка целесообразности разработки и внедрения автоматизированной системы контроля утечек из резервуаров для хранения нефти и нефтепродуктов - в дополнение или в качестве альтернативы техническим решениям, реализованным на объектах российской системы магистральных трубопроводов. Проведен анализ отечественных и зарубежных нормативных документов в области проектирования и эксплуатации резервуаров и резервуарных парков, а также мирового опыта практического применения систем и технологий обнаружения утечек из резервуаров. Установлено, что технические решения, реализованные на объектах ПАО «Транснефть» с целью оперативного выявления утечек и защиты от их распространения, обеспечивают требуемый уровень контроля. По расчетам прогнозной стоимости определена экономическая эффективность разработки опытного образца автоматизированной системы контроля герметичности резервуаров и дистанционного выявления утечек, основанной на регистрации источников акустической эмиссии и применении волоконно-оптических датчиков. Сделан вывод об отсутствии оснований для выполнения ОКР по разработке данной системы. The article presents results of a study, the purpose of which was to assess the feasibility of developing an automated system for monitoring leaks from oil and oil product storage tanks - additional or alternative technical solutions implemented at the facilities of Russian trunk pipeline system. Domestic and foreign regulatory documents in the field of tank and tank-farm design and operation were analysed, as well as world experience in practical application of systems and technologies for detecting leaks from tanks. It was found that technical solutions implemented at the facilities of PJSC Transneft for the purpose of prompt leak detection and protection from their spread, provide the required level of control. According to predicted cost calculations, the economic efficiency of the development of an automated system prototype for monitoring tank integrity and remote detection of leaks based on the registration of acoustic emission sources and the use of fiber-optic sensors was determined. The conclusion is made that there are no grounds for carrying out the design work on the development of this system.

Improvement of legislation in the field of development and approval of plans for the prevention and elimination of oil spillage and spills of petroleum products at the facilities of main pipelines

The procedure for action in cases of a threat or an accident at oil pipeline transport facilities is defined in the relevant plans for emergency spillage prevention and response – ESPR. The purpose of the article is to analyze the requirements of the legislation in the field of development and approval of ESPR. The specifics of ESRP development at trunk pipeline facilities in Russia are noted, the US experience in combating oil and oil products spillage is presented. The problematic issues in the development and approval of ESRP, relevant for the domestic system of main oil pipeline transport, have been considered. It was established that the Federal Law No. 207-FL, adopted in July 2020, fundamentally changed the outdated and required revision approach to the coordination and approval of ESRP. At the same time, further work is needed to create a regulatory framework that establishes requirements for ESRP, as well as to improve ESRP, taking into account modern methods of predicting accidents, identifying emergencies, risk-oriented approaches to planning measures to localize and eliminate accidents, the specifics of operating organizations.