PROSPECTS FOR OBTAINING FOOD INGREDIENTS AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM SUGAR BEET PULP

Author(s):  
С.О. СЕМЕНИХИН ◽  
В.О. ГОРОДЕЦКИЙ ◽  
Н.И. КОТЛЯРЕВСКАЯ ◽  
Е.П. ВИКТОРОВА ◽  
М.В. ЛУКЬЯНЕНКО

Представлен обзор зарубежных научных исследований по получению ванилина, олигосахаридов, липидов и ферментов из свекловичного жома. Наличие в составе свекловичного жома лигнина, состоящего в основном из феруловой кислоты, делает его перспективным источником для получения ванилина; по данным иранских исследователей его выход составляет 1439,3 мг/100 г свекловичного жома. В работах польских и нидерландских исследователей отмечено, что с применением различных ферментов можно достичь 95%-й степени гидролиза пищевых волокон свекловичного жома до олигосахаридов. При микробиологической обработке свекловичного жома для получения липидов их выработка составляет 0,12 г/г сухих веществ при длине цепи 16–18 атомов углерода, что аналогично длинам цепей липидов растительных масел. Микробиологический синтез ферментов из свекловичного жома также показал свою перспективность. Так, при жидкофазном ферментировании свекловичного жома с содержанием сухих веществ 2% выработка β-амилазы с применением P. chitinolyticus составила 2,237 ед./мл. При твердофазном синтезе β-глюкооксидазы с применением T. aurantiacus выработка составила 70 ед./г сухих веществ, а A. pullulans – 13 ед./г сухих веществ. При твердофазном синтезе α-галактозидазы плесенями A. niger выработка составила 230,159 ед./г сухих веществ, A. spinosa – 117,8 ед./г сухих веществ, F. moniliforme – 207,33 ед./г сухих веществ. Отмечено, что получаемые путем микробиологической обработки свекловичного жома ферменты обладают высокой активностью, а также устойчивостью к изменению температуры и реакции среды. Полученные различными исследователями данные показывают перспективность применения свекловичного жома для получения пищевых ингредиентов и биологически активных веществ. The article provides a review of foreign scientific research on the production of vanillin, oligosaccharides, lipids and enzymes from sugar beet pulp. The presence of lignin in beet pulp, mainly consisting of ferulic acid, makes it a promising source for vanillin obtaining – according to Iranian researchers, its yield is 1439,3 mg/100 g of sugar beet pulp. In the works of Polish and Dutch researchers, it was noted that using various enzymes it is possible to achieve a 95% degree sugar beet pulp dietary fiber hydrolysis to oligosaccharides. In the microbiological treatment of sugar beet pulp to produce lipids, their production is 0,12 g/g of dry substances with a chain length of 16–18 carbon atoms, which is similar to the vegetable oils lipid chains length. Microbiological synthesis of enzymes from beet pulp has also shown its prospects. So, with liquid-phase fermentation of sugar beet pulp with a dry substances content of 2%, the production of β-amylase using P. chitinolyticus was 2,237 units/ml. During solid-phase synthesis of β-glucooxidase using T. aurantiacus, it was 70 units/g of dry substances, and A. pullulans – 13 units/g of dry substances. During solid-phase synthesis of α-galactosidase by A. niger molds, production amounted to 230,159 units/g of dry substances, A. spinosa – 117,8 units/g of dry substances and F. moniliforme – 207,33 units/g of dry substances. It is noteworthy that the enzymes obtained by microbiological treatment of sugar beet pulp have high activity, as well as resistance to changes in temperature and the medium reaction. The data obtained by various researchers show the prospects of using beet pulp for the food ingredients and biologically active substances production.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
E. V. Flisyuk ◽  
S. S. Belokurov ◽  
I. A. Narkevich ◽  
O. M. Flisyuk ◽  
D. Yu. Ivkin

Introduction. Vibration cavitation homogenizers are increasingly used in various industries, including the pharmaceutical industry – for the preparation of creams, gels to give them a homogeneous composition, and more recently for the extraction of valuable substances from plant materials. As we have shown earlier, a comparison of the extraction of dioscin from fenugreek seeds, carried out in devices of various designs, under the same conditions for organizing the process showed that the most effective method was the extraction method in a vibro-cavitation field. Obviously, this is due to the fact that cavitation reduces the diffusion resistance of the process and, thus, increases the intensity of the process of transferring the mass of a substance from the solid phase to the solution. However, the extraction process in apparatus of this type is complex and is accompanied by crushing of seeds, which leads to a change in the dispersed composition of the solid phase.Aim. Conduct a theoretical and experimental analysis of the process of grinding hay fenugreek seeds particles in a vibrocavitation homogenizer, accompanied by the extraction of biologically active substances, as well as obtaining dependences that allow evaluating the contribution of grinding to the formation of the dispersed composition of the meal in this apparatus and determining the average particle size as a result of crushing. In earlier works, using the example of the extraction of dioscin from fenugreek seeds, it was shown that an increase in the rotor speed increases the yield of biologically active substances. However, fine grinding of raw materials often leads to the formation of a sediment layer that pollutes the solution with ballast substances and complicates its purification, and also reduces the yield of biologically active substances, therefore, the study of this process is necessary to control the dispersed composition in order to ensure the highest extraction efficiency in devices of this type.Materials and methods. The first stage of the study was the theoretical analysis of the grinding process, since it is a special case of a large class of processes in which the dispersed composition of the solid phase is not constant. Therefore, in this work, for the mathematical description of particle grinding, a model is used that takes into account the kinetic features of the process under consideration. An experimental study of the extraction of valuable components from plant raw materials was carried out in a laboratory setup with a vibro-cavitation homogenizer of periodic action. As a raw material, we used fenugreek seeds purchased from LLC «Stoing», Moscow (Russia), which we used for research. Commodity analysis showed the compliance of raw materials with the requirements of the GF XIV edition. The initial, aqueous solution of ethanol (volume concentration 60 %) with fenugreek seeds was loaded into glass 6, in a volume of 0.2 liters, then the rotor of the apparatus was brought into rotation and brought to a given rotation frequency. The experiments were carried out at a rotation frequency of 1000, 3000 and 5000 rpm (16.7; 50 and 83.3) 1/s. At each value of the rotor speed, the process time varied in the range from 0 to 50 minutes, and the process was carried out for 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 seconds. Studies carried out for 5 minutes or more showed that the dispersed composition of the meal practically does not change over time, but significantly depends on the rotor speed. Thus, after 5 minutes, a certain stabilization of the dispersed composition occurs and further residence of the material in the apparatus does not lead to a noticeable change in the dispersed composition. After each experiment, the meal was taken, dried, and sieve analysis of the dispersed composition was carried out.Results and discussion. Based on the results obtained by processing the experimental data according to the equation, the values of the average probability of particle crushing were calculated and, as it turned out, it practically does not depend on time, but depends only on the rotor speed. The dependence of the change in the average probability of particle grinding at different rotor speed was obtained. The analysis of these results showed that the value of the average probability of particle grinding in the cavitation homogenizer increases with an increase in the rotor speed, which is quite expected, since the frequency of contacts of particles with the working organs of the apparatus increases. In addition, the obtained dependence for the average probability of particle crushing is linear. This Expression quite accurately describes the values of the change in time of the relative mass of particles in the working range n = 16.7 – 83.3 1/s. Taking these values into account, the experimental and calculated results are in good agreement.Conclusions. The proposed approach and the results obtained can be used to assess the dispersed composition of particles obtained in other designs of devices of similar action.


1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1201-1202
Author(s):  
R. A. Carlton ◽  
E. Orton ◽  
C. E. Lyman

Solid phase synthesis (SPS) is used for the discovery and optimization of biologically active substances for the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. Large numbers of novel organic compounds are generated by successively adding functional groups onto a solid substrate - usually polystyrene. Several techniques have been applied to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these polymer-bound compounds with varying success. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) offers a unique approach to the qualitative analysis of SPS resins. Heteroatoms (such as Cl, Br, and S) are added either as a part of the synthesis or as a marker for analysis. Heavier atoms, such as these, are easily detected by EDS. The advantages of EDS are speed, sensitivity, and small required weight of the sample. The advantages of the ESEM are that it eliminates the need for a conductive coating and the vacuum conditions are not as severe on the specimen as with a conventional SEM.


1986 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Nicolas ◽  
Antoine Delfour ◽  
Hamadi Boussetta ◽  
Alain Morel ◽  
Mohamed Rholam ◽  
...  

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 2791-2800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Funakoshi ◽  
Eigoro Murayama ◽  
Lili Guo ◽  
Nobutaka Fujii ◽  
Haruaki Yajima

Usefulness of a dimethoxybenzhydrylamine derivative, 3-(3-(Fmoc-amino-4-methoxyphenylmethyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid, for Fmoc-based solid phase synthesis of peptide amides was demonstrated by preparation of three biologically active peptide amides, i.e. tetragastrin, neuromedin B and [8-arginine]vasopressin. 1M trimethylsilyl bromide-thioanisole (molar ratio 1 : 1) in trifluoroacetic acid was recommended as a deprotecting reagent for releasing the peptide amides from the resin.


Peptides ◽  
1988 ◽  
pp. 524-526
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Casten ◽  
Pravin Kaumaya ◽  
Mark S. Anderson ◽  
John A. Smith ◽  
Susan K. Pierce

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