scholarly journals The Analysis of Process of Crushing in the Vibrocavitational Homogenizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
E. V. Flisyuk ◽  
S. S. Belokurov ◽  
I. A. Narkevich ◽  
O. M. Flisyuk ◽  
D. Yu. Ivkin
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rotation Frequency ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Particle Crushing ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Average Probability ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction. Vibration cavitation homogenizers are increasingly used in various industries, including the pharmaceutical industry – for the preparation of creams, gels to give them a homogeneous composition, and more recently for the extraction of valuable substances from plant materials. As we have shown earlier, a comparison of the extraction of dioscin from fenugreek seeds, carried out in devices of various designs, under the same conditions for organizing the process showed that the most effective method was the extraction method in a vibro-cavitation field. Obviously, this is due to the fact that cavitation reduces the diffusion resistance of the process and, thus, increases the intensity of the process of transferring the mass of a substance from the solid phase to the solution. However, the extraction process in apparatus of this type is complex and is accompanied by crushing of seeds, which leads to a change in the dispersed composition of the solid phase.Aim. Conduct a theoretical and experimental analysis of the process of grinding hay fenugreek seeds particles in a vibrocavitation homogenizer, accompanied by the extraction of biologically active substances, as well as obtaining dependences that allow evaluating the contribution of grinding to the formation of the dispersed composition of the meal in this apparatus and determining the average particle size as a result of crushing. In earlier works, using the example of the extraction of dioscin from fenugreek seeds, it was shown that an increase in the rotor speed increases the yield of biologically active substances. However, fine grinding of raw materials often leads to the formation of a sediment layer that pollutes the solution with ballast substances and complicates its purification, and also reduces the yield of biologically active substances, therefore, the study of this process is necessary to control the dispersed composition in order to ensure the highest extraction efficiency in devices of this type.Materials and methods. The first stage of the study was the theoretical analysis of the grinding process, since it is a special case of a large class of processes in which the dispersed composition of the solid phase is not constant. Therefore, in this work, for the mathematical description of particle grinding, a model is used that takes into account the kinetic features of the process under consideration. An experimental study of the extraction of valuable components from plant raw materials was carried out in a laboratory setup with a vibro-cavitation homogenizer of periodic action. As a raw material, we used fenugreek seeds purchased from LLC «Stoing», Moscow (Russia), which we used for research. Commodity analysis showed the compliance of raw materials with the requirements of the GF XIV edition. The initial, aqueous solution of ethanol (volume concentration 60 %) with fenugreek seeds was loaded into glass 6, in a volume of 0.2 liters, then the rotor of the apparatus was brought into rotation and brought to a given rotation frequency. The experiments were carried out at a rotation frequency of 1000, 3000 and 5000 rpm (16.7; 50 and 83.3) 1/s. At each value of the rotor speed, the process time varied in the range from 0 to 50 minutes, and the process was carried out for 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 seconds. Studies carried out for 5 minutes or more showed that the dispersed composition of the meal practically does not change over time, but significantly depends on the rotor speed. Thus, after 5 minutes, a certain stabilization of the dispersed composition occurs and further residence of the material in the apparatus does not lead to a noticeable change in the dispersed composition. After each experiment, the meal was taken, dried, and sieve analysis of the dispersed composition was carried out.Results and discussion. Based on the results obtained by processing the experimental data according to the equation, the values of the average probability of particle crushing were calculated and, as it turned out, it practically does not depend on time, but depends only on the rotor speed. The dependence of the change in the average probability of particle grinding at different rotor speed was obtained. The analysis of these results showed that the value of the average probability of particle grinding in the cavitation homogenizer increases with an increase in the rotor speed, which is quite expected, since the frequency of contacts of particles with the working organs of the apparatus increases. In addition, the obtained dependence for the average probability of particle crushing is linear. This Expression quite accurately describes the values of the change in time of the relative mass of particles in the working range n = 16.7 – 83.3 1/s. Taking these values into account, the experimental and calculated results are in good agreement.Conclusions. The proposed approach and the results obtained can be used to assess the dispersed composition of particles obtained in other designs of devices of similar action.

CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF PASTA WITH POWDER FROM MARIGOLD INFLORESCENCES (TAGETES L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
SHAPOVALOVA Nataliia ◽  
VEZHLIVTSEVA Svitlana ◽  
ANTIUSHKO Dmytro
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

Background. The deficiency of essential nutrients in the human body is the root cause of reduced efficiency, general resistance of the body to various diseases. That is an urgent problem in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection. In this regard, the search for opportunities to meet the needs of the population in food products that contain biologically active substances (BAS) through the use of high-value and at the same time available plant raw materials is extremely important. Marigolds attract special attention among such raw materials. The aim of the work is to study the chemical composition and evaluate the consumer properties of Tagetes L. varieties, zoned in the Kiev region, to prove the possibility of increasing the biological value of pasta by adding to their recipe powder from marigold inflorescences. Materials and methods. The object of research is pasta of B group (noodles). Inflorescences of marigolds of different varieties gathered during the flowering period in July-September 2019–2020 in the territory of Vasylkiv and Obukhiv districts of Kyiv region, Ukraine were used as enriching plant raw materials. The quality of finished pasta was assessed by organoleptic and physicochemical indexes (moisture content and titratable acidity). The content of mineral elements in the fine powder of marigold inflorescences was determined on the EXHERT-3L device, the quantitative composition and BAS identification – by spectrophotometric analysis on the device Specord-200 Analytic Jena UV-vis. The integrated quality index of pasta products was calculated taking into account the importance factors of individual indexes. Results. Comparing the obtained results, we can state that all the studied varieties – Gold Kopfen, Orange Flame, Hawaii, Equinox are characterized by high biological value, regardless of the area of collection. As a result of calculated and experimental studies it was determined that the addition of 7 % of the supplement does not provide the required supply of vitamins and minerals. Replacing the flour in the recipe by 20 % significantly improves the mineral composition, but deteriorates the taste and aromatic properties of pasta. The most optimal and rational amount of added additive is 15 %, as it improves the organoleptic properties of pasta and enriches their BAS. Conclusion. The usage of non-traditional vegetable raw materials, in particular powder from marigold inflorescences, which is rich in biologically active substances, allows not only to expand the range, improve the quality of finished products, but also increase the biological value of the product. The optimal amount of additive –powder from marigold inflorescences, was defined. It is 15 % by weight of flour in the production of noodles. This concentration allows not only to improve the organoleptic properties, but also to increase the content of biologically active substances – vitamins, micro- and macronutrients. The usage of non-traditional natural raw materials (powder from marigold inflorescences) allows to abandon artificial colorsand give the finished pasta a pleasant colorand aroma.

scholarly journals Study on domestic market of medicinal products of plant origin

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
V. M. Minarchenko ◽  
A. Yu. Butko
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Natural Resource Base ◽  
Active Substances

The popularity of herbal remedies and medicines, with the participation of biologically active substances from plants is traditionally high. The annual increase of the domestic market for herbal remedies is due to the preservation and modernization of production capacities for processing of medicinal vegetative raw materials in Ukraine, introduction of modern scientific developments, a large natural resource base of medicinal plants and attracting investments in the development of this industry. The aim of our work was the study of the domestic market of medicines of plant origin, which includes herbal remedies, substances and preparations with the participation of biologically active substances from plants. The object of the study was domestic medicines of plant origin that are registered in Ukraine for 2012–2017. The study used the analytical, statistical methods, and the results of its own resource studies of medicinal plants. Phytopharmaceutical market of Ukraine is actively developing due to the attraction of new types of medicinal plants and expanding the range of medicines. The number of domestic drugs with the participation of biologically active substances from plants has increased by 17.4% compared with 2014. It is established that as of 1 January 2017 in Ukraine was 1 141 the form of medicinal drugs of plant origin. Of them: 645 – domestic products, 496 – foreign. Most of the herbal drugs in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine are made from wild and cultivated domestic raw materials.

scholarly journals Biologically active substances from Achillea nobilis L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
А.S. Kishkentayeva ◽  
◽  
S.N. Mantler ◽  
М.М. Zhakanov ◽  
S.М. Adekenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

The review summarizes data on biologically active compounds of Achillea nobilis L. and methods of their isolation. From Achillea nobilis L., collected in different places of growth, the following have been isolated: essential oil, the main components of which are monoterpene compounds; sesquiterpene lactones estafiatin, hanphyllin, anobin, chrysartemine A, canin, anolide and tanapartin-β-peroxide; the steroid acetyleucanbin; flavonoids: 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,4’-tetramethoxyflavone and 5,3’-di-hydroxy-3,6,7,4’-tetramethoxyflavone. It has been determined that the component composition of the essen-tial oil of Achillea nobilis L. largely depends on the soil and climatic factors in the places of its growth, the phase of the growing season and the method of its extraction from plant raw materials, and the extractant used (chloroform, ethanol, hot water, diethyl ether). Antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic activi-ties are characteristic both for the sums of extractive substances from Achillea nobilis L. and for individual compounds isolated from them. Methods for the isolation of biologically active substances from Achillea nobilis L. for the development of new drug substances are described. The main aim of this work was a com-parative analysis of the available research results on the phytochemical study of Achillea nobilis L.

BACKGROUND CONTENT OF TECHNOGENIC AND NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN DETOXIFYING AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
G.А. Zhorov ◽  
◽  
L.L. Zakharova ◽  
V.N. Obryvin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Active Substances

For correctly assess the effectiveness and safety of the use of sorption-detoxifying agents and feed additives intended for animals receiving feed with an excess content of toxicants, it is necessary to take into account the background levels of radionuclides, toxic elements, pesticides and other technogenic and natural pollutants in the studied substances. The need for such studies is due both to the existence of areas with a naturally elevated level of natural toxicants in the sources of raw materials for the production of additives and drugs, and to the increasing anthropogenic influence, accompanied by the entry of xenobiotics into environmental objects. In series of radiometric studies, the specific activity of technogenic and natural radioactive isotopes (90Sr, 137Cs, 40К, 226Ra, 232Th) in a number of sorption-detoxifying and biologically active substances and preparations used in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine as part of feed additives and pharmacological agents was determined. It was found that in 43% of the studied samples, the level of specific activity of 1,1Sr in 3-90 times higher than allowed by the current standards. The maximum level of 90Sr, equal to (137±9) Bq/kg, was detected in perlite. The specific activity of 137Cs did not exceed the permissible level: in mineral sorbents its amount reached (40±7) Bq/kg, in organic and complex sorbents – (24±4), and in feed additives – (29±8) Bq/kg. The maximum levels of 40K were (1429±83) Bq/ kg in minerals (radionite) and (2613±100) Bq/kg in organic substances (lignohumate). The levels of 226Ra and 232Th did not exceed (153±13) and (79±13) Bq/kg, respectively, and were higher in the mineral samples.

THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION STUDY OF PLANTS IN THE SIBERIAN FLORA (ALFREDIA CERNUA AND FILI-PENDULA ULMARIA), EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS TO CREATE DRUGS BASED ON THEM

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
Vladimir Il'ich Otmahov ◽  
Inessa Vladimirovna Shilova ◽  
Elena Vasil'yevna Petrova ◽  
Anastasiya Alekseyevna Loginova ◽  
Evgeniya Sergeyevna Rabtsevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Control ◽  
Active Substances

Using the methods of arc atomic emission spectrometry (AAES), atomic emission flame photometry (AEFP), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the elemental composition of the aerial part of widely used in medical practice Alfredia cernua and Filipendula ulmaria, extracts and fractions obtained from them, is investigated. It was shown that not only biologically active substances, but also mineral elements are extracted by extractants, which may be due both to the formation of complexes with biologically active substances and affinity for extractants. Therefore, the elemental composition must be considered as an important component of plant extracts and medicinal products obtained from them. Simultaneously with biologically active substances in ethanol extracts there is an accumulation of not only biogenic, but also toxic elements, which degree of extraction is often higher. It increases even more during the transition from periodic to countercurrent extraction, which allows to obtain extracts with the highest yield of biologically active substances. Since the enriched extract is directly used to obtain the dosage form, a preliminary elemental analysis is necessary. Analytical control of the content of TM is also necessary when choosing the place of growth of plants raw materials, which are used to create medicinal herbal remedies.

ECDYSTEROIDS IN NATURE AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Э. Наумова ◽  
E. Naumova ◽  
Б. Валентинов ◽  
B. Valentinov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Adaptogenic Activity ◽  
Active Substances

Ecdysteroids are biologically active substances of natural origin. Their adaptogenic activity, hormone-like and bioregulatory effects used in traditional and folk medicine are known. Sources of raw materials are diverse. Applications depend on the methods of obtaining ecdysteroids and their natural sources.

scholarly journals Scientific substantiation and the release of saponins from plant raw material for food and cosmetic cream technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.13) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Butova ◽  
Vera A. Salnikova ◽  
Lyudmila A. Ivanova ◽  
Irina D. Schegoleva ◽  
Lyudmila A. Churmasova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
State University ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

The article presents the results of author scientific research dealing with the use of saponins, biologically active substances in food and cosmetics technology. The problems of their formation in plants, the chemical nature and the features are considered, biological and physico-chemical properties of saponins are studied. By their nature, saponins are divided into steroid and triterpene, differing by glycoside part of a molecule, thus, with different biological and chemical properties, but they are all capable to develop foam in aqueous solutions, and this feature is the origin of their name. The name originated from the word «Sapo», which means soap. It should be noted that at present saponins are not studied fully as other biologically active substances (BAS), although they are of interest and relevance. In the course of scientific work, about 20 species of saponin-containing plant material, both steroid and triterpene ones, were selected and analyzed for the determination of saponins. The selection of raw materials with the highest content was performed for their further use in cosmetics and as the surfactants in the production of emulsion food products. The following research methods were used in the work: qualitative reactions to the presence of saponins, foaming, saponin extraction, the release from dry aqueous extract of both steroid and triterpin ones. The method and the scheme of their release and precipitation are presented in the article.The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of FSBEI HE «Moscow State University of Food Production» No. 14.7404.2017/бч «Scientific and applied bases of application of traditional and nonconventional vegetable raw materials and secondary products of its processing (fruit and berry, grain, bean, oil, essential oil, herbs) in technology of specialized products of the food industry, cosmetology and pharmacy»  

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