scholarly journals 3D Fuzzy Graphene Microelectrode Array for Neurotransmitter Sensing at Sub-cellular Spatial Resolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Castagnola ◽  
Raghav Garg ◽  
Sahil Rastogi ◽  
Tzahi Cohen-Karni ◽  
Xinyan Tracy Cui
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Brain Functions

<div>Dopamine (DA) is a monoamine neurotransmitter involved in the modulation of various physiological brain functions, including learning, motivation, reward, and motor functions. The development of a high sensitivity real-time sensor for multi-site detection of DA with high spatial resolution has critical implications for both neuroscience and clinical communities to improve understanding and treatments of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we present high-surface area out-of-plane grown three-dimensional (3D) fuzzy graphene (3DFG) microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for highly selective, sensitive, and stable DA electrochemical sensing. 3DFG microelectrodes present a remarkable sensitivity to DA (2.87 ± 0.25 nA/nM, with</div><div>LOD of 990±15 pM), the highest reported for nanocarbon MEAs using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV). The high surface area of 3DFG allows for miniaturization of electrode down to 2 x 2 μm^2, without compromising the electrochemical performance. Moreover, 3DFG MEAs are electrochemically stable under 7.2 million scans of continuous FSCV cycling, present exceptional selectivity over the most common interferents in vitro with minimum fouling by electrochemical byproducts, and can discriminate DA and serotonin (5-HT) in response to the injection of their 50:50 mixture. These results highlight the potential of 3DFG MEAs as a promising platform for FSCV based multi-site detection of DA with high sensitivity, selectivity, and spatial resolution.</div>

scholarly journals 3D Fuzzy Graphene Microelectrode Array for Neurotransmitter Sensing at Sub-cellular Spatial Resolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Castagnola ◽  
Raghav Garg ◽  
Sahil Rastogi ◽  
Tzahi Cohen-Karni ◽  
Xinyan Tracy Cui
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Brain Functions

<div>Dopamine (DA) is a monoamine neurotransmitter involved in the modulation of various physiological brain functions, including learning, motivation, reward, and motor functions. The development of a high sensitivity real-time sensor for multi-site detection of DA with high spatial resolution has critical implications for both neuroscience and clinical communities to improve understanding and treatments of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we present high-surface area out-of-plane grown three-dimensional (3D) fuzzy graphene (3DFG) microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for highly selective, sensitive, and stable DA electrochemical sensing. 3DFG microelectrodes present a remarkable sensitivity to DA (2.87 ± 0.25 nA/nM, with</div><div>LOD of 990±15 pM), the highest reported for nanocarbon MEAs using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV). The high surface area of 3DFG allows for miniaturization of electrode down to 2 x 2 μm^2, without compromising the electrochemical performance. Moreover, 3DFG MEAs are electrochemically stable under 7.2 million scans of continuous FSCV cycling, present exceptional selectivity over the most common interferents in vitro with minimum fouling by electrochemical byproducts, and can discriminate DA and serotonin (5-HT) in response to the injection of their 50:50 mixture. These results highlight the potential of 3DFG MEAs as a promising platform for FSCV based multi-site detection of DA with high sensitivity, selectivity, and spatial resolution.</div>

Hierarchical Nano/Micro-structured Surfaces with High Surface Area/Volume Ratios

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Ketki Lichade ◽  
Yizhou Jiang ◽  
Yayue Pan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Light Trapping ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Structured Surfaces ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Abstract Recently, many studies have investigated additive manufacturing of hierarchical surfaces with high surface area/volume (SA/V) ratios, and their performance has been characterized for applications in next-generation functional devices. Despite recent advances, it remains challenging to design and manufacture high SA/V ratio structures with desired functionalities. In this study, we established the complex correlations among the SA/V ratio, surface structure geometry, functionality, and manufacturability in the Two-Photon Polymerization (TPP) process. Inspired by numerous natural structures, we proposed a 3-level hierarchical structure design along with the mathematical modeling of the SA/V ratio. Geometric and manufacturing constraints were modeled to create well-defined three-dimensional hierarchically structured surfaces with a high accuracy. A process flowchart was developed to design the proposed surface structures to achieve the target functionality, SA/V ratio, and geometric accuracy. Surfaces with varied SA/V ratios and hierarchy levels were designed and printed. The wettability and antireflection properties of the fabricated surfaces were characterized. It was observed that the wetting and antireflection properties of the 3-level design could be easily tailored by adjusting the design parameter settings and hierarchy levels. Furthermore, the proposed surface structure could change a naturally-hydrophilic surface to near-superhydrophobic. Geometrical light trapping effects were enabled and the antireflection property could be significantly enhanced (&gt;80% less reflection) by the proposed hierarchical surface structures. Experimental results implied the great potential of the proposed surface structures for various applications such as microfluidics, optics, energy, and interfaces.

scholarly journals An Efficient Electrochemical Sensor Driven by Hierarchical Hetero-Nanostructures Consisting of RuO2 Nanorods on WO3 Nanofibers for Detecting Biologically Relevant Molecules

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 3295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyerim Lee ◽  
Yeomin Kim ◽  
Areum Yu ◽  
Dasol Jin ◽  
Ara Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Trioxide ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Sensing Platform ◽  
Thermal Annealing Process ◽  
Biologically Relevant Molecules

By means of electrospinning with the thermal annealing process, we investigate a highly efficient sensing platform driven by a hierarchical hetero-nanostructure for the sensitive detection of biologically relevant molecules, consisting of single crystalline ruthenium dioxide nanorods (RuO2 NRs) directly grown on the surface of electrospun tungsten trioxide nanofibers (WO3 NFs). Electrochemical measurements reveal the enhanced electron transfer kinetics at the prepared RuO2 NRs-WO3 NFs hetero-nanostructures due to the incorporation of conductive RuO2 NRs nanostructures with a high surface area, resulting in improved relevant electrochemical sensing performances for detecting H2O2 and L-ascorbic acid with high sensitivity.

Three-Dimensional Cage Type Mesoporous CN-Based Hybrid Material with Very High Surface Area and Pore Volume

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 4367-4372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajayan Vinu ◽  
Pavuluri Srinivasu ◽  
Dhanashri P. Sawant ◽  
Toshiyuki Mori ◽  
Katsuhiko Ariga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Very High

In vitro and preliminary in vivo toxicity screening of high-surface-area TiO2–chondroitin-4-sulfate nanocomposites for bone regeneration application

2015 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Kandiah ◽  
Rajendran Venkatachalam ◽  
Chunyan Wang ◽  
Suresh Valiyaveettil ◽  
Kumaresan Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity

Sol-gel-derived glass scaffold with high pore interconnectivity and enhanced bioactivity

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 3495-3502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Marques ◽  
Rui M. Almeida ◽  
Amath Thiema ◽  
Shaojie Wang ◽  
Matthias Falk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Process ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Solvent Exchange ◽  
Sol Gel Transition ◽  
The One

We report on the preparation of a bioactive CaO–SiO2 monolithic scaffold with interconnected bimodal nanomacro porosity, which simulates the morphology of a natural trabecular bone, by a newly developed modified sol-gel process. This method inherently creates nanopores, whose average diameter can be tailored to approximately 5–20 nm by solvent exchange. To achieve interconnected macroporosity (pores ∼5–300 μm in size), a polymer [poly(ethylene oxide)] is added, which causes phase separation simultaneously with the sol-gel transition. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry demonstrate a high degree of three-dimensional interconnectivity and sharp distributions of pore size. In vitro bioactivity tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) show bioactivity of the material after soaking for approximately 5 h, as verified by the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer deep into the scaffold structure. Analysis of the SBF after the reaction indicates the dissolution of the samples, another desired feature of temporary scaffolds for bone regeneration. MG63 osteoblast-like cells seeded on our sol-gel glass samples responded better to samples with nanopores enlarged by a solvent exchange process than to the one with normal nanopores. Thus, the benefits of the high surface area achieved by sol-gel and solvent exchange procedures are most clearly demonstrated for the first time.

Fabrication of Ultra-Low Density, High Surface Area Carbon Aerogels and their Application in Supercapacitors

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 1349-1355
Author(s):  
Jia Yi Zhu ◽  
Xi Yang ◽  
Zhi Bing Fu ◽  
Chao Yang Wang ◽  
Wei Dong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Carbon Aerogel ◽  
Carbon Aerogels ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Organic Aerogel ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry Test

The ultra-low density carbon aerogel, as low as 20 mg/cm3, was fabricated by pyrolysis of the organic aerogel formed by aqueous condensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde. Its surface area was as high as 1783 m2/g and it was used for investigation of electrochemical capacitive behaviours. The ultra-low density carbon aerogel displayed capacitive performance (110 F/g at 0.2 A/g) in 6 M KOH aqueous solution. Additionally, over 98% of the initial capacitance was retained after repeating the cyclic voltammetry test for 1000 cycles. The electrochemical performance might be attributed to the combination of three dimensional “opened” structure and high surface area of the carbon aerogel.

A theoretical morphologic analysis of convergently evolved erect helical colony form in the Bryozoa

Paleobiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. McGhee ◽  
Frank K. McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Colony Form ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Morphologic Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Surface

Exploration of the theoretical morphospace of erect helical colony form in Bryozoa, created by McKinney and Raup (1982), reveals that only a small volume of the three-dimensional space of hypothetical form is occupied by actual colonies of the Paleozoic fenestrates (Class Stenolaemata) Archimedes and Helicopora, helical species of the cheilostome (Class Gymnolaemata) Bugula, and the cyclostome (Class Stenolaemata) Crisidmonea archimediformis. Actual helical-colony bryozoans are not found in regions of the morphospace characterized by colony geometries that possess the largest surface areas of filtration sheet. Examination of computer-simulated colonies in the theoretical morphospace reveals that, although possessing high surface areas, colonies in the empty region of high-surface-area morphospace possess other aspects of geometry that are unrealistic as filter-feeding geometries: the filtration-sheet whorls are held at small acute angles to the central colony axis and are deeply nested within one another, both of which are disadvantageous conditions for the system of filter feeding used by the extant cheilostome Bugula, and presumably by extinct helical-colony bryozoans as well.Even though actual bryozoans are found only in the low to intermediate surface-area regions of the theoretical morphospace, surface area of filtration sheet is a major determinant of form in these helical colonies, as is evidenced by a negative correlation in values of the parameters BWANG and ELEV exhibited by the colony data. Minimum values of BWANG are even further constrained by the apparent need of the Archimedes colonies to maintain filtration-sheet branching densities within the range of 20 to 50.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document