scholarly journals Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (review of the literature)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Daria V Abbasova ◽  
Svetlana B Polikarpova ◽  
Nikolai A Kozlov ◽  
Madina P Baranova ◽  
Irina P Kovalenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Neuroendocrine Differentiation ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cancer

Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEC) of the prostate gland is a rather rare extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma and makes up only 0.5 to 1% of all malignant neoplasms of this localization. NEC of the prostate gland is a tumor of epithelial origin, histologically and immunohistochemically identical to analogues in the lungs and digestive system. When stained with hemotoxylin-eosin, neuroendocrine cells cannot always be visualized; they are best recognized by the immunohistochemical method of investigation using specific markers. Currently, a number of neuroendocrine markers are used, the expression of which may indicate a neuroendocrine nature. Androgen neuroendocrine cells themselves are independent and do not cause an increase in the concentration of prostate-specific antigen. Prostate NECs are represented by some histological forms according to WHO classification (2015): 1. Adenocarcinoma with focal neuroendocrine differentiation. 2. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. 3. Small cell neuroendocrine cancer is a high - grade tumor with high malignant potential. 4. Large cell neuroendocrine cancer is a high - grade tumor. Due to the rarity of NEC of the prostate, a specific algorithm for diagnosis and treatment has not been developed, as a rule, they are similar to methods of other malignant forms of prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumors.

The Spectrum of Neuroendocrine Tumors: Histologic Classification, Unique Features and Areas of Overlap

2015 ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Klimstra ◽  
Himisha Beltran ◽  
Rogerio Lilenbaum ◽  
Emily Bergsland
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Neuroendocrine Differentiation ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Grade 3

Neuroendocrine neoplasms are diverse in terms of sites of origin, functional status, and degrees of aggressiveness. This review will introduce some of the common features of neuroendocrine neoplasms and will explore the differences in pathology, classification, biology, and clinical management between tumors of different anatomic sites, specifically, the lung, pancreas, and prostate. Despite sharing neuroendocrine differentiation and histologic evidence of the neuroendocrine phenotype in most organs, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (WD-NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (PD-NECs) are two very different families of neoplasms. WD-NETs (grade 1 and 2) are relatively indolent (with a natural history that can evolve over many years or decades), closely resemble non-neoplastic neuroendocrine cells, and demonstrate production of neurosecretory proteins, such as chromogranin A. They arise in the lungs and throughout the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, but WD-NETs of the prostate gland are uncommon. Surgical resection is the mainstay of therapy, but treatment of unresectable disease depends on the site of origin. In contrast, PD-NECs (grade 3, small cell or large cell) of all sites often demonstrate alterations in P53 and Rb, exhibit an aggressive clinical course, and are treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Only WD-NETs arise in patients with inherited neuroendocrine neoplasia syndromes (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1), and some common genetic alterations are site-specific (e.g., TMPRSS2-ERG gene rearrangement in PD-NECs arising in the prostate gland). Advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of NETs should lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and is an area of active investigation.

Primary mixed large cell neuroendocrine and high grade serous carcinoma of the endometrium

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e234977
Author(s):  
Liesel Elisabeth Hardy ◽  
Zia Chaudry ◽  
King Wan ◽  
Chloe Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Pelvic Mass ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Vaginal Mass ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Line Chemotherapy

Endometrial large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma admixed with a high-grade serous (HGS) adenocarcinoma is extremely rare with only one reported case in the literature. We present the second reported case in a 47-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain, distension and loss of weight. On examination she had a fixed pelvic mass and vascular left vaginal mass. Imaging confirmed a 13 cm solid cystic rectouterine pelvic mass, omental disease and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. She underwent a modified posterior exenteration, partial posterior vaginectomy, omentectomy and Hartmanns procedure with suboptimal debulking. Histopathology revealed a stage 4B mixed carcinoma with large cell neuroendocrine (70%) and HGS carcinoma (30%). Eight cycles of adjuvant cisplatin and paclitaxel were given with a complete radiological and biochemical response after 7 months. Unfortunately, she developed widespread recurrence at 9 month and was offered second line chemotherapy.

scholarly journals A Rare Presentation of Stage IV Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cervix with Metastasis to the Cranium

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Neema Hooker ◽  
Sveta Mohanan ◽  
R. Tucker Burks
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Caucasian Woman ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
The Right

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are aggressive diseases developing from neuroendocrine cells that most frequently involve the gastro-entero-pancreatic tract and the lung, but more rarely are found in almost all body tissues. Limited biological and clinical data are currently available for NETs in uncommon sites, such as female genital tract. NETs represent 0.9% to 1.5% of the tumors of the uterine cervix. This case is reported on a 75-year-old Caucasian woman, presenting with dental and generalized pain for two weeks. Later during her admission, facial droop and diplopia were noticed. Radiological findings ruled out cerebrovascular accident but revealed multiple bone marrow lesions involving the left and the right clivus, right Meckel's cave, and posterior margin of the right cavernous sinus. Findings also included pulmonary nodules and adenopathy supporting diagnosis of likely stage IV metastatic carcinoma. Further imaging revealed homogeneous enhancement of the uterus suggestive of diffusely infiltrative carcinoma; pathology results confirmed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix (LCNEC) giving her a 1.5-month median survival range.

scholarly journals Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation and co-expression of adenocarcinoma markers: a case report and review of the literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Sakai ◽  
Takashi Yamasaki ◽  
Yoshito Kusakabe ◽  
Daisuke Kasai ◽  
Yoshikazu Kotani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Domain ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
L858r Mutation

Purpose: A high rate of response to treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) has been observed in certain patients (women, of East Asian ethnicity, with non-smoking history and adenocarcinoma histology) with mutations in exons 18 to 21 of the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR. Some cases of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung harboring mutations have been sporadically reported. Methods: We describe the case of a 78-year-old woman with large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung, with mutation in exon 21 L858R and co-expression of adenocarcinoma markers. Results: A mass (3.0 cm in diameter) was identified in the inferior lobe of the left lung, accompanied by metastases into ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes and elevations of serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide and carcinoembryonic antigen. Initial transbronchial brushing cytology suggested high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma favoring small-cell carcinoma in poorly smeared and degenerated preparations, and revealed exon 21 L858R mutation. Re-enlargement of the cancer and bone metastases was observed after chemotherapy, and further testing suggested large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with immunoreactivity to markers of primary lung adenocarcinoma and L858R mutation. High-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR may be associated with adenocarcinoma, as reviewed from the literature and may also apply to our case. Conclusions: EGFR-TKI could provide better quality of life and survival in patients with advanced or relapsed high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with EGFR gene mutations. Further studies in this respect are warranted.

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