scholarly journals Box Behken design for optimization of COD removal from Palm oil mill effluent (POME) using Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Said ◽  
Muneer ba Abbad ◽  
Siti Rozaimah Sheik Abdullah ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ro Membrane ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The optimization of COD removal from palm oil mill effluent (POME) using the Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane was investigated. Experimental conditions for reduce the COD value of POME were achieved successfully using the Box Behken design. The values of affecting factors (POME concentration, pH and Transmembrane pressure were optimized according to the polynomial regression model. The predicted conditions to produce lower COD values were found to be POME concentration (vol. %) =28.30, pH =10.75 and Transmembrane pressure= 0.69 kPa. The predicted of COD value was 24.137 mg/l which in good agreed with experiment value as 25.763 mg/l was obtained.

Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Supernatants Using Aerobic Attached–Growth System: Trickling Filter as a Case Study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad Hakimi Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd. Omar Ab. Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Kertas kerja ini membincangkan tentang kecekapan penuras cucur dalam merawat supernatan kumbahan kilang kelapa sawit (POME). Supernatan POME diperoleh menerusi dua jenis perawatan. Dalam perawatan 1, pengendapan graviti digunakan untuk menyingkir pepejal boleh mendak. Perawatan 2 digunakan untuk menyingkir pepejal boleh mendak dan gumpalan partikal dengan menggunakan 350 ppm alum. Influen dialurkan secara titisan pada biojisim yang terlekat pada penyokong pepejal rawak PVC setinggi 1 m. Penuras cucur berupaya menyingkir lebih daripada 90.0% dari keperluan oksigen biologi (BOD) dan keperluan oksigen kimia (COD) di bawah 1 m3/m2–hari. Pada 2.53 m3/m2–hari, influen dengan Perawatan 1 menghasilkan kecekapan penyingkiran COD sebanyak 40.3%, berbanding 83.1% bila Perawatan 2 digunakan. Perkara ini berlaku berikutan penyingkiran bahan organik tak boleh resap semasa Perawatan 2. Kecekapan penyingkiran menurun dengan meningkatnya bebanan hidraulik kerana wujudnya kelemahan dalam hidrolisis bahan tak boleh resap kepada substratum larut. Dengan edaran semula (α=1), penyingkiran BOD dan COD yang lebih tinggi dicapai di bawah 7 m3/m2–hari. Pencapaian ini disebabkan oleh bebanan organik yang lebih rendah serta pergedaran semula enzim dan biojisim yang aktif kepada sistem. Perawatan 2 menghasilkan enap cemar yang lebih tinggi kerana penukaran substratum boleh larut kepada biojisim tak boleh larut. Hidrolisis bahan organik tak boleh resap didapati berlaku secara aktif pada bahagian atas penuras cucur sementara bahagian bawahnya cenderung mengoksidakan substratum organik. Kata kunci: POME, turas cucur, bahan organik bolehresap, penggumpalan, alir semula This paper discusses the efficiency of a trickling filter to treat Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) supernatants. POME supernatants were obtained via two treatments. In Treatment 1, gravity sedimentation was used to remove settleable solids. In Treatment 2, both settleable solids and colloidal particles were removed using 350 ppm of alum. The influents were allowed to trickle over biomass attached to 1 m high random PVC solid support. Below 1 m3/m2–day, the filter demonstrated Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiencies of more than 90.0%. At 2.53 m3/m2–day, the influent with Treatment 1 gave a COD removal efficiency of 40.3%, but increased to 83.1% when the influent with Treatment 2 was used. This was ascribed to the removal of non–diffusible organics during Treatment 2. The removal efficiencies decreased with an increase in hydraulic loading due to limitations in the hydrolysis of non–diffusibles into soluble substrates. With recirculation (α=1), higher BOD and COD removals were achieved below 7.0 m3/m2–day, attributed to lower organic loading and the recycling of active enzyme and biomass to the system. The influent with Treatment 2 demonstrated higher sludge production due to higher conversion of soluble substrates into insoluble biomass. Hydrolysis of non–diffusible organics mainly took place at upper reaches of the filter column while lower reaches were involved in oxidizing the organic subtrates. Key words: POME, trickling filter, diffusible organic, coagulation, recirculation

scholarly journals Fouling Behavior in a High-Rate Anaerobic Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Wiparat Chaipetch ◽  
Arisa Jaiyu ◽  
Panitan Jutaporn ◽  
Marc Heran ◽  
Watsa Khongnakorn
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Cake Layer ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The characteristics of foulant in the cake layer and bulk suspended solids of a 10 L submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) used for treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) were investigated in this study. Three different organic loading rates (OLRs) were applied with prolonged sludge retention time throughout a long operation time (270 days). The organic foulant was characterized by biomass concentration and concentration of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The thicknesses of the cake layer and foulant were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The membrane morphology and inorganic elements were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Roughness of membrane was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the formation and accumulation of protein EPS in the cake layer was the key contributor to most of the fouling. The transmembrane pressure evolution showed that attachment, adsorption, and entrapment of protein EPS occurred in the membrane pores. In addition, the hydrophilic charge of proteins and polysaccharides influenced the adsorption mechanism. The composition of the feed (including hydroxyl group and fatty acid compounds) and microbial metabolic products (protein) significantly affected membrane fouling in the high-rate operation.

scholarly journals Waste reduction and nutrient recovery during the co-composting of empty fruit bunches and palm oil mill effluent

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Baron ◽  
Jajang Supriatna ◽  
Clarisse Marechal ◽  
Rajiv Sadasiban ◽  
Xavier Bonneau
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Mature Compost ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Waste Management Practices

AbstrakMinyak kelapa sawit adalah minyak nabati yang paling banyak dikonsumsi dunia. Setengah dari produksinya berasal dari Indonesia, walaupun perluasannya telah dikritik dari sudut pandang lingkungan. Pengurangan dampak lingkungan perkebunan melalui praktik pengelolaan limbah yang lebih baik sangat penting untuk mencapai produksi yang lebih bersih. Dalam konteks ini, penelitian difokuskan pada pengomposan, praktik yang semakin banyak diterapkan di agroindustri. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji pengomposan produk samping pabrik kelapa sawit yaitu tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LCPKS), pada rasio LCPKS/TKKSdan frekuensi pembalikan yang berbeda. Setelah 60 hari, kompos masih dalam fase mesofilik dan tidak dapat dianggap sebagai kompos matang karena rasio C/N dan suhu yang tinggi. Penurunan bobot dan volume yang tinggi telah dicapai masing-masing sebesar 40% dan 60%, serta penguapan air yang signifikan dari LCPKSdan TKKS(60%). Rasio LCPKSterhadap TKKSpada 1 – 1.5 m3/ton adalah optimal untuk mencapai kelembaban (65-70%), ruang udara bebas (>50%) dan pemulihan nutrisi, juga menunjukkan bahwa dalam kondisi percobaan ini proses pengomposan tidak dapat menggunakan semua LCPKSyang diproduksi oleh pabrik (3m3/ton TKKS). Tingkat pemulihan nutrisi mendekati 100% untuk fosfor, kalium dan magnesium, sedangkan untuk nitrogen terjadikehilangan sekitar 30-35%. Pengomposan dengan platform beton dan beratap, tidak melakukan penyemprotan pada tumpukan secara berlebihan, dan mendaur ulang semua limbah cair merupakan hal penting untuk mencapai efisiensi pemulihan nutrisi yang tinggi dan untuk mengontrol kualitas kompos akhir.[Kata kunci:pengomposan, tandan kosong, pemulihan nutrisi, kelapa sawit, limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit, keberlanjutan]AbstractPalm oil is the most consumed edible oil in the world. Roughly half of the production originates from Indonesia, where the expansion of the crop has been criticized from an environmental perspective. Reducing the environmental impact of plantations through better waste management practices is critical to achieve cleaner production. In this context, our study was focused on composting, a practice increasingly adopted among agro-industries. Our trial was designed to test co-composting of the main palm oil mill by-products – empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) – under different POME/EFB ratios and turning frequencies. After 60 days the compost was still in a mesophilic phase and could not be considered as mature compost due to high C/N ratio and temperature. High weight and volume reduction were achieved (40% and 60% respectively), as well as significant water evaporation from the POME and EFB (60%). We found that a POME to EFB ratio of 1 to 1.5 m3/ton was optimal for moisture (65-70%), free air space (>50%) and nutrient recovery, showing that in our experimental conditions the composting process could not use all the POME produced by the mill (3m3/ton of EFB). The nutrient recovery rate was close to 100% for phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. For nitrogen we observed 30-35% of losses. Composting on a concrete platform with a roof, not over-spraying the piles and recycling all the leachates are critical points to achieve high nutrient recovery efficiency and to control final compost quality.[Keywords:composting, empty fruit bunch, nutrient recovery, oil palm, palm oil mill effluent, sustainability]

scholarly journals Phycoremediation of treated palm oil mill effluent (TPOME) using Nannochloropsis sp. cells immobilized in the biological sodium alginate beads: Effect of POME concentration

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 9429-9443
Author(s):  
Quin Emparan ◽  
Razif Harun ◽  
Yew Sing Jye
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The use of freely suspended cells of microalgae culture to treat wastewater is of current global interest because of their effective photosynthetic uptake of pollutants, carbon dioxide sequestration, and biomass production for desirable high value-products. Biomass immobilization is a promising option to overcome the harvesting problem that is encountered when using free-cells upon completion of the wastewater treatment process. In this study, Nannochloropsis sp. cells were immobilized in sodium alginate beads to eliminate the harvesting limitation. The microalgal beads were further cultivated in treated palm oil mill effluent (TPOME) for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The effect of POME concentration on COD removal and microalgal cells growth was investigated, respectively. It was found that the maximum biomass concentration of 1.23 g/L and COD removal of 55% from 10% POME were achieved after 9 days. An increment of POME concentration did not cause any improvement to the treatment efficiency due to the inhibitory effect of high initial COD of POME on the biomass concentration and was further responsible for low COD removal. The immobilized cells showed a systematic growth, demonstrating that the beads are biocompatible as immobilization carrier. In conclusion, the immobilized microalgal cells could be a viable alternative technology system for POME treatment as well as biomass production.

scholarly journals An enhanced treatment efficiency for diluted palm oil mill effluent using a photo-electro-fenton hybrid system

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noralisya Ali ◽  
Chee Yeoh ◽  
Seng Lau ◽  
Meng Tay
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Photocatalysis, electrolysis and Fenton process are three important advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) which produce hydroxyl radical in order to degrade organic matter in wastewater within 4-6 hours under ambient conditions. A photocatalysis, electrolysis and Fenton (photo-electro-Fenton) process hybrid system has been carried out to treat the diluted palm oil mill effluent (POME) in this study. An electrolytic cell was set up with a stainless steel anode and a platinum wire cathode with the applied cell voltage of 1.5 V. The diluted POME was then treated in the cell with the mixture of titanium oxide as the photocatalyst, sodium sulfate solution as the electrolyte, hydrogen peroxide and iron sulfate as the Fenton reagents. The effects on the duration, pH, concentration of TiO2 and different light conditions on the removal efficiency of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the diluted POME were studied. The optimal conditions for the photo-electro-Fenton hybrid system were found to be 4 hr contact time at pH 4 with 60 mg/L TiO2 under sunlight. With such conditions, the COD removal efficiency was able to achieve 97 %. On the other hand, the photo-electro-Fenton hybrid system gave the highest COD removal efficiency, compared to the electro-Fenton hybrid system, Fenton and photocatalyst, respectively.

Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes in Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-149
Author(s):  
Azmi Aris ◽  
Muhammad Noor Hazwan Jusoh ◽  
Nurul Shakila Ahmad Abdul Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

This chapter presents a review on limited studies that have been conducted using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in treating biologically treated palm oil mill effluent. Palm oil mill effluent is the byproducts of palm oil production that is normally treated using a series of biological processes. However, despite being treated for a long period of retention time, the effluent still possesses high concentration of organics, nutrients, and highly colored, and will pollute the environment if not treated further. Advanced oxidation processes that utilized hydroxyl radicals as their oxidizing agents have the potential of further treating the biologically treated POME. Fenton oxidation, photocatalysis, and cavitation are the main AOPs that have been studied in polishing the biologically treated POME. Depending on the experimental conditions, the removal of organics, in terms of COD, TOC, and color, could reach up to more than 90%. Nevertheless, each of this process has its own limitations and further studies are needed to overcome these limitations.

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