Cellular and tissue mechanisms for the action of low-intensity optical radiation on patients with diabetic foot syndrome

Introduction. The low-intensity visible and infrared radiation of lasers and LEDs is widely used in medicine for the treatment of a number of diseases, including in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. However, there is no consistency and certainty in the characteristics of radiation and the duration of exposure to achieve the best effect in a particular patient. The aim of the work is a systematic analysis of the literature on the influence of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the optical spectrum range on the healing of foot ulcers and the normalization of the condition of patients with diabetes, as well as the mechanisms of therapeutic action. Materials and methods. An analysis of medical publications based on the MedLine database for the period from 1995 to 2019 was carried out on this topic. Results. Based on the analysis of published works, the parameters of low intensity optical radiation are established that stimulate the healing of ulcers, the normalization of blood supply and innervation in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. The most probable mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of low intensity optical radiation with diabetic foot syndrome have been identified. Findings. A systematic analysis of the literature shows that low-intensity optical radiation from both lasers and LEDs causes a reaction at the cellular and tissue levels, which results in pronounced therapeutic effects, including the healing of ulcers in both experimental animals and patients with diabetic syndrome feet. The mechanisms of therapeutic action of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the optical spectrum range are biochemical rather than thermal. As a result of photochemical stimulation, the proliferation of cells, in particular fibroblasts, is accelerated, cellular respiration, production of collagen and growth factors are enhanced, macrophage activity and angiogenesis are activated, which leads to the cleansing of wounds and ulcers, the removal of inflammation, the normalization of microcirculation and the development of a new blood vessel system. period from 1995 to 2019 was carried out on this topic.