scholarly journals A pilot study of clinical cell therapy for patients with vascular dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Yunliang Wang ◽  
Xiaoling Guo ◽  
Yanqiu Liu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Group Patient ◽  
Verbal Recall ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Age Related

Background:Vascular dementia (VD) is a series of clinical and neurophysiological manifestations caused by cerebrovascular disease. As the human lifespan increases, the number of people affected by age-related dementia is growing at an alarming pace, but no proved therapeutic methods can stop it from getting worse.Objective:To investigate the neurorestorative effects of injecting olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), Schwann cells (SCs), and olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) into olfactory sub-mucosa in VD patients.Methods:A pilot study of double-blind randomized controlled cell therapies was conducted in VD patients (n = 5). Cells were injected into the patients’ olfactory sub-mucosa. Two patients received OEC treatment, one received SC treatment, one ORN treatment, and one OEC combined with ORN. Mental state and cognitive function were observed before treatment and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) was performed before treatment and 12 months after treatment.Results:The directional function score on the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) in the patient who received SC treatment had increased slightly 1 and 3 months after treatment. The scores for orientation, attention, delayed verbal recall, and repetition increased in the ORN group patient 1 month after treatment. The orientation and repetition scores of the ORN group patient continued to increase 3 months after treatment. The scores for attention, delayed verbal recall, and phase 3 command decreased in the OEC and the OEC + ORN group patients after treatment assessment Scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale also improved in the ORN group patient. Clinical and MRI or CT examinations did not find any side effects from the cell therapy or transplanting procedure.Conclusion:All of the cell transplantations were found to be safe. ORN was shown to be a promising therapy for VD patients. Phase II clinical trials of ORN, SC, and OEC therapy are required to verify their effects on VD symptoms, especially ORNs.

scholarly journals A pilot study of clinical cell therapies in Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-284
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Guo ◽  
Yunliang Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yanqiu Liu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cell ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cell Therapies

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease dominated by progressive cognitive dysfunction causing significant social, economic, and medical crises. Cell therapy has demonstrated favorable effects for AD. This pilot study examined the safety and neurorestorative effects of the olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC), olfactory neuron (ON), and Schwann cell (SC) on patients with AD. Seven patients with AD were enrolled in this two-center, randomized, double-blind, and placebo- controlled cell therapy study with a subsequent 12-month follow-up. We randomly assigned one or two participants in OEC, ON, and SC therapy or OEC combined with ON and placebo control. All enrolled patients were injected cells or medium into the olfactory sub-mucosa. They got an assessment of Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Clinical Dementia Rating before treatment and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after treatment. We performed MRI or CT scans before treatment and 12 months after treatment. After integrating the results from the three evaluation methods, all cell types showed better results than a placebo control. ON and SC seem to exhibit more vital potential neurorestorative ability to enhance or convert the neurological functions of patients with AD, and OEC may help AD patients keep neurological functions stable. In this pilot study, there was no adverse or side-effect event. The results of this study strongly suggest conducting a phase II clinical trial of ON, SC, and OEC therapy to prove their neurorestorative effect on patients with AD.

4. Therapy using pluripotent stem cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Jonathan Slack
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Existing Form

‘Therapy using pluripotent stem cells’ examines some of the diseases that have been the first to be treated by cell therapy using pluripotent stem cells as the source material. Proposed cell therapies involve making the required differentiated cells in vitro and then implanting them into the appropriate site in the patient. The biggest success story so far is the treatment of the retina for a condition called age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Diabetes is one of the top targets for cell therapy based on pluripotent stem cells, building on an existing form of cell therapy called islet transplantation.

Rivastigmine in Vascular Dementia

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoona Vincent ◽  
Roger Lane
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Mixed Dementia ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Small Pilot Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Efficacious Treatment

Vascular dementia (VaD), like Alzheimer's disease (AD), is associated with cholinergic deficits. Rivastigmine provides sustained, brain-selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Preliminary data suggest that rivastigmine may provide significant benefits in patients with AD and cerebrovascular disease (mixed dementia), and in patients with VaD. Open-label rivastigmine treatment has been associated with improved cognitive and functional abilities, behavioral symptoms, and reduced caregiver stress in a small pilot study in these patients. Larger, prospective, double-blind studies of rivastigmine in patients with VaD are under way. These studies will confirm whether rivastigmine is an efficacious treatment option for a range of patients for whom, until now, there have been few symptomatic therapies.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Degeneration: The Value Proposition for a Cell-Based Therapy, Immunomodulatory Properties of Discogenic Cells and the Associated Clinical Evaluation Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Ionescu Silverman ◽  
Will Heaton ◽  
Niloofar Farhang ◽  
Lindsey Hart Saxon ◽  
Galina Dulatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Lumbar Disc Degeneration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

Low back pain (LBP) is a serious medical condition that affects a large percentage of the population worldwide. One cause of LBP is disc degeneration (DD), which is characterized by progressive breakdown of the disc and an inflamed disc environment. Current treatment options for patients with symptomatic DD are limited and are often unsuccessful, so many patients turn to prescription opioids for pain management in a time when opioid usage, addiction, and drug-related deaths are at an all-time high. In this paper, we discuss the etiology of lumbar DD and currently available treatments, as well as the potential for cell therapy to offer a biologic, non-opioid alternative to patients suffering from the condition. Finally, we present an overview of an investigational cell therapy called IDCT (Injectable Discogenic Cell Therapy), which is currently under evaluation in multiple double-blind clinical trials overseen by major regulatory agencies. The active ingredient in IDCT is a novel allogeneic cell population known as Discogenic Cells. These cells, which are derived from intervertebral disc tissue, have been shown to possess both regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Cell therapies have unique properties that may ultimately lead to decreased pain and improved function, as well as curb the numbers of patients pursuing opioids. Their efficacy is best assessed in rigorous double-blinded and placebo-controlled clinical studies.

A pilot study with autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy in patients with severe peripheral arterial disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (12) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Boda ◽  
Miklós Udvardy ◽  
Katalin Farkas ◽  
Judit Tóth ◽  
László Jámbor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Autologous Bone Marrow ◽  
Thromboangiitis Obliterans ◽  
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Súlyos perifériás artériás érbetegségekben a gyógyszeres és/vagy érsebészeti beavatkozások kimerülését követően a tűrhetetlen fájdalom, kiterjedt végtagi fekélyek, gangraenák megszüntetésének egyetlen módja a végtag amputációja. Betegek és módszerek: A szerzők – hazánkban elsőként – 5 előrehaladott perifériás artériás érbetegben (1 arteriosclerosis obliterans és 4 thromboangiitis obliterans) autológ csontvelői eredetű őssejtterápiát végeztek. A csontvelői őssejteket (CD34+ sejtek) crista biopsia végzésével nyerték. Mágneses sejtszeparálással CD34+ sejtszuszpenziót állítottak elő. Meghatározták a CD34+, CD133+ és CD45± sejtek számát és arányát. Az őssejtszuszpenziót intramuscularis injekció formájában a beteg végtagba juttatták vissza. Betegenként 0,37–1,14 × 10 5 /kg őssejt visszaadására került sor. Betegeiket 12 hónapig követték. Vizsgálatok történtek a beavatkozás előtt és után (1, 3, 6, 9 és 12 hónappal). Klinikai vizsgálatok: nyugalmi fájdalom, dysbasiás távolság, ischaemiás fekélyek gyógyhajlama, boka-kar index. Laboratóriumi vizsgálatok: angiográfia (az őssejtterápia előtt és után 1 és 6 hónappal), duplex ultrahang- és lézer-Doppler-scan, transcutan oxigéntenzió mérése, az endothelfunkciók vizsgálata. Eredmények: A nyugalmi fájdalom mind az öt betegük esetében megszűnt. A dysbasiás távolság szignifikánsan nőtt (36/440 m). Három beteg végtagi ischaemiás fekélye begyógyult, egy beteg nagyméretű fekélye lényegesen kisebbé és felületesebbé vált, egy betegben a végtagi fekély nem változott. A kezelt oldalon a boka-kar index szignifikánsan nőtt (0,41/0,83) tizenkét hónappal az őssejtterápiát követően, s nem változott az ellenoldalon. Három betegben tapasztaltak számottevő változást angiográfiával az őssejtterápia után hat hónappal. Csak szerény javulást észleltek color-Doppler- és lézer-Doppler-vizsgálatokkal. Az őssejtterápia előtt és után 1, 6 és 12 hónappal a transcutan oxigéntenzió-értékek a lábháton 18,10/16,78/23,83/37,50 Hgmm-re, míg a lábszáron 36,66/31,25/45,00/37,30 Hgmm-re változtak. A makro- és mikrocirkulációs paraméterek nem mutattak javulást az őssejtterápiát követően 1 hónappal, azonban az őssejtterápia után 3, 6, 9 és 12 hónappal már mérhető javulást tapasztaltak. Szövődményt, mellékhatást nem észleltek. Következtetések: Klinikai eredményeik alapján az autológ csontvelői eredetű őssejtterápiát hatásosnak, tartósnak és biztonságosnak tartják előrehaladott perifériás artériás érbetegségben. Szükség van további klinikai tapasztalatgyűjtésre.

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