scholarly journals Some Moot Points on the 1980 Hague Abduction Convention

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Nigel Lowe
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Habitual Residence ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
International Child ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Hague Convention

This article discusses the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction which, despite having been in existence for over 30 years, continues to present a number of uncertainties for Contracting States. The article focuses on the issues around appealing return orders after a child has been taken out of the jurisdiction, the concept of “habitual residence”, and the non-enforcement of return orders with reference to recent case law from the United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand and the European Union. 

Monasky v. Taglieri (U.S. Sup. Ct.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-887
Author(s):  
Linda Silberman
Keyword(s):  
Hague Convention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Habitual Residence ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
International Child ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Hague Convention ◽  
Critical Aspects

The Supreme Court of the United States has decided four cases under the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of the International Child Abduction (hereinafter the Hague Convention), the most recent one coming this term in Monasky v. Taglieri. The Hague Convention, adopted in 101 countries, requires the judicial or administrative authority of a country that is party to the Convention to return a child who has been wrongfully removed or retained to the country of the child's habitual residence.The Convention also provides for a limited number of defenses to return. The obligation of return is a “provisional” remedy, in that the merits of any custody dispute will be determined by a court in the country of habitual residence. One of the most critical aspects of the Convention is this concept of “habitual residence,” which was the issue presented to the Court in Monasky.

scholarly journals Sustracción internacional de menores. Asunto vinculado con Suiza y España. Comentario de la sentencia de la Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra (Sección 1ª) núm. 52/2018, de 17 de abril = International child abduction. Case related with Switzerland and Spain. Comment on the judgment of the Spanish Court of Appeal of Pontevedra (Section 1) number 52/2018 of 17th April

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Carmen Azcárraga Monzonís
Keyword(s):  
Hague Convention ◽  
Parental Responsibility ◽  
Habitual Residence ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
International Child ◽  
The Hague ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Hague Convention ◽  
Court Of Appeal

Resumen: Sustracción internacional a España de menor residente en Suiza en aplicación del Con­venio de La Haya de 1980 sobre los aspectos civiles de la sustracción internacional de menores. Discre­pancia sobre la residencia habitual del menor. No se aprecian motivos de no retorno.Palabras clave: sustracción internacional de menores, Convenio de La Haya sobre sustracción, Convenio de La Haya sobre responsabilidad parental y protección de menores, residencia habitualAbstract: International abduction to Spain of a minor residing in Switzerland under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction of 1980. Discrepancy about the habi­tual residence of the minor. No grounds for return denial are appreciated.Keywords: international child abduction, Hague Convention on Child Abduction, Hague Conven­tion on Parental Responsibility and Measures of the Protection of Children, habitual residence

Part I General and Introductory, 4 Subject-Matter Scope: Civil and Commercial Matters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartley Trevor C
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Hague Convention ◽  
Civil Matter

This chapter discusses the ‘subject-matter scope’ of Brussels 2012, Lugano 2007, and the Hague Convention. ‘Subject-matter scope’ refers to the scope covered by a measure as regards its subject matter, that is to say the branches and areas of the law to which it applies. For the three legal instruments under consideration, the relevant provisions are contained in Article 1 of Brussels 2012 and Lugano, and Articles 1 and 2 of Hague. A review of case law shows that the distinction between a civil matter and public matter is far from straightforward. There is a significant grey area in which the Court of Justice of the European Union could legitimately go either way.

scholarly journals A Contribuição dos Processos de Integração – União Europeia e Mercosul – para a Superação das Dificuldades de Aplicação da Convenção da Haia

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Correa Jacques Brauner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
International Child ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Hague Convention

A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DOS PROCESSOS DE INTEGRAÇÃO – UNIÃO EUROPEIA E MERCOSUL – PARA A SUPERAÇÃO DAS DIFICULDADES DE APLICAÇÃO DA CONVENÇÃO DA HAIA SOBRE ASPECTOS CIVIS DO SEQUESTRO INTERNACIONAL DE CRIANÇAS THE CONTRIBUTION OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES - EUROPEAN UNION AND MERCOSUR - TO OVERCOME DIFFICULTIES OF APPLICATION OF THE HAGUE CONVENTION ON THE CIVIL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION Daniela Correa Jacques Brauner*RESUMO: O artigo inicia abordando a Convenção da Haia sobre Aspectos Civis da Subtração Internacional de Crianças de 1980 como forma de superação dos mecanismos tradicionais do direito internacional privado para resolver casos de litígio internacional em que um dos responsáveis parental se desloca para outro país com a criança, violando direito de guarda do outro responsável. Analisa-se o mecanismo de cooperação inserido na Convenção em que se determina o retorno imediato da criança para o local de sua residência habitual para que a autoridade judiciária dessa localidade resolva a questão da guarda e as exceções a esse retorno pela autoridade local. Sob essa perspectiva, analisa-se a efetividade da resolução de casos nessa temática e, em seguida, na segunda parte, propõe-se analisar se os processos de integração, com legislações próprias, contribuíram para a resolução dos casos de subtração internacional, conferindo maior confiabilidade nos mecanismos de circulação de decisões entre os tribunais. Examina-se o contexto da União Europeia com intensa normativa comum sobre casos de direito de família, inclusive com a participação da Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos, para compará-lo ao Mercosul em que não se verifica mecanismos de integração aptos para aprimorar a solução de litígios. Em conclusão, salienta-se que a Convenção da Haia é mais bem cumprida em um ambiente de integração jurídica e econômica e com a possibilidade de instrumentos outros, como normativas comunitárias e acesso a Tribunais Internacionais. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Convenção da Haia sobre Aspectos Civis do Sequestro Internacional de Crianças. Direito Internacional Privado. Cooperação. União Europeia. Mercosul. ABSTRACT: The article starts approaching the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction as a way of overcoming the traditional mechanisms of private international law to resolve international law disputes in which one parent (taking-parent) moves to another country violating custody rights of the other parent. It is analyzed the cooperation mechanism in the Convention that determines immediate return to the habitual place of residence so that the judicial authority of that location resolve the question of custody and the exceptions to this return by the local authority. From this perspective, it is analyzed the effectiveness of dispute resolution in this theme, and then, in the second part, it is proposed to examine whether the integration processes, with their own legislation, contributed to the resolution of cases of international abduction, providing greater reliability in circulation mechanisms of decisions between the courts. It is examined the context of the European Union with intense common rules on cases of family law, including the participation of the European Court of Human Rights, to compare it to Mercosur  in which are not found integration mechanisms able to improve the dispute resolution. In conclusion, it is noted that the Hague Convention is best accomplished in a legal and economic integration environment and with the possibility of other instruments such as Community regulations and access to international courts. KEYWORDS: Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction; Conflict of Law; Cooperation. European Union; Mercosur.  SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1. A Convenção sobre Aspectos Civis do Sequestro Internacional de Crianças como superação dos mecanismos tradicionais do direito internacional privado. 1.1. A restituição imediata da criança ao país de residência habitual. 1.2. As exceções: permanência da criança no país de refúgio. 2. A influência dos processos de integração na aplicação da Convenção sobre Aspectos Civis do Sequestro Internacional de Crianças. 2.1. União Europeia: europeização do direito internacional privado. 2.2. Mercosul: a influência dos protocolos de cooperação jurídica. Considerações Finais. Referências.* Doutoranda em Direito pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Mestre em Direito pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Defensora Pública Federal.

scholarly journals The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction 1980: The New Zealand Courts' Approach to the "Grave Risk" Exception for Victims of Domestic Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allie Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Habitual Residence ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
International Child ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Hague Convention

The Hague Convention 1980 was welcomed by the international community to resolve the emerging issue of international child abduction. The Convention is premised on the assumption that all child abduction is inherently harmful. Thus, it is generally in the best interests of children to be returned to the country of habitual residence as expediently as possible, restoring the status quo.Domestic violence victims do not fall within the typical abduction paradigm which the Convention was drafted to remedy. New Zealand courts have adopted a narrow approach to the "grave risk" defence, requiring the abducting party to prove that the country of habitual residence cannot adequately protect the child. This is rarely established due to the influence of the principle of comity. This approach therefore effectively blocks the discretionary inquiry, which only occurs once the defence is established, in which the Convention principles can be weighed against the welfare and best interests of the individual child, a consideration paramount in both domestic and international law. Domestic violence makes it unlikely that return will ever be in the child's welfare and best interests. A change in approach is suggested, under which consideration of the adequacy of the habitual residence's protection laws becomes a relevant consideration in the exercise of discretion. This ensures all considerations are given due regard and the safety of young domestic violence victims is better assured.

scholarly journals Hague convention on the civil aspects of international child abduction: content and methodological approaches to the application in judicial education

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-86
Author(s):  
Tetiana Fuley ◽  
Oksana Kuchiv
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
Judicial Education ◽  
International Child ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Hague Convention

The article is focused on the most essential issues of the application of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction of 25 October 1980 (“the Hague Convention”) in the judgements of Ukrainian courts and some methodological aspects of workshop development on the topic. The Hague Convention recently has been applied more often as an important international act. Moreover, there are at least 3 judgements of the European Court of Human Rights v. Ukraine on the matter (Chabrowski v. Ukraine, no. 61680/10, 17 January 2013; Vilenchik v. Ukraine, no. 21267/14, 3 October 2017, M.R. and D.R. v. Ukraine, no. 63551/13, 22 May 2018). The Court reiterates that in the area of international child abduction, the obligations that Article 8 of the ECHR imposes on the Contracting State must be interpreted, in particular, in the light of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction of 25 October 1980 which also attaches paramount importance to the best interests of the child. Therefore such a topic was selected for a workshop to be developed and implemented in the educational process of the National School of Judges of Ukraine (NSJU). According to the Concept of National Standards of Judicial Training, which was approved by the Science and Methodology Council of the NSJU, and later became a part of the Rules of Procedure of the NSJU, all training courses for judges and candidates are developed taking into consideration three dimensions – so-called 3D (dimension) – which encompass knowledge, skills, and values. Therefore the workshop on the Hague Convention is designed using all 3D, and is aimed to consolidate knowledge and to develop judicial skills in application of the Hague Convention, Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) and ECtHR case law as well as to contribute to strengthening of the values of respect for human rights, rule of law, and enforcement of Ukraine’s international obligations. In order to achieve these goals, there certain tools and techniques that are effective in basic courses on the ECtHR case-law were used. In particular, the use of interactive adult learning methods – mini lectures, filling the analytical framework, video review, express survey etc. The development of the workshops took place jointly with a scientific research in this field, specifically focused of the new Supreme Court jurisprudence, the best practices and lessons learned. The results of the research has been used for the workshop development with the help of the modern innovative tools. Key words: Hague Convention of 25 October 1980 (Convention of Abduction), international child abduction, place of ordinary residence, Article 8 of the ECHR, practice of the ECHR, judicial education, methodological support, workshop.

scholarly journals Application of Brussels II bis regulation in exercising the right of access to a child by extended family members

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (90) ◽  
pp. 189-205
Author(s):  
Radmila Dragišić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Parental Responsibility ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Hague Convention ◽  
Right Of Access

In this paper, the author explores the sources of European Union Law that regulate one segment of parental responsibility - the right of access to a child. The focal point of research is the transition from the conventional (interstate) regulation of judicial cooperation in marital disputes and parental responsibility issues to the regulation enacted by the European Union institutions, with specific reference to the Brussels II bis Regulation. First, the author briefly points out to its relationship with other relevant international law sources regulating this subject matter: the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction; the Hague Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Cooperation in the Field of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children; and other international sources of law. Then, the author examines in more detail its relationship with the Brussels II bis recast Regulation, which will be applicable as of 1 August 2022. In addition, the paper includes an analysis of the first case in which the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) decided on the application of the Brussels II bis Regulation, at the request of granparents to exercise the right of access to the child. On the issue of determining the competent court which has jurisdiction to decide on how this right shall be exercised, the CJEU had to decide whether the competent court is determined on the basis of the Brussels II bis Regulation or on the basis of national Private International Law rules. This paper is useful for the professional and scientific community because it deals (inter alia) with the issue of justification of adopting a special source of law at the EU level, which would regulate the issue of mutual enforcement of court decisions on the right of access to the child. This legal solution was proposed by the Republic of France, primarily guided by the fundamental right of the child to have contact with both parents.

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