scholarly journals Does the Way We Teach Children Interview Ground Rules Impact the Number of Details They Provide?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Kitchin
Keyword(s):  
Learning Theories ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Ground Rule ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Child Reports ◽  
Standard Training ◽  
Intense Training ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Larger Sample

<p>Ground rules are instructions commonly provided to children in investigative interviews. The ultimate aim of ground rules is to help children provide accurate accounts and resist acquiescence. Therefore, it is no surprise that research into ground rule use has so far focused on the impact ground rule training has on the accuracy of children’s reports. Yet, the amount of information a child provides is also important when it comes to legal processes ensued when a child reports abuse. This study is unique as it focuses on how ground rule training impacts the amount of information a child provides and whether this varies as a result of more intense training. So far, there is little research available that systematically evaluates multiple training methods within one study. The current study involves a condition with no ground rule training, one with the standard training often suggested in interview protocols, and two more intense training methods informed by relevant learning theories. Children aged between 5 and 12-years-old experienced a live event at their school and were interviewed about this event after a delay of approximately 2-weeks. Results did not support the hypotheses that ground rule training method would impact the number of unique details provided by children and that this relationship would vary across age. Results also showed that children’s accuracy responding to questions used to elicit ground rule responses was not related to the number of details provided. A larger sample is necessary to investigate whether the findings of the current study are accurate when the analyses are satisfactorily powered. Currently, this study suggests that more intense ground rule training does not compromise the richness of children’s reports. Findings also indicate that children’s acquiescence to suggestive, unanswerable or confusing questions is not related to the amount of information they provide when asked answerable questions. </p>

scholarly journals Does the Way We Teach Children Interview Ground Rules Impact the Number of Details They Provide?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Kitchin
Keyword(s):  
Learning Theories ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Ground Rule ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Child Reports ◽  
Standard Training ◽  
Intense Training ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Larger Sample

<p>Ground rules are instructions commonly provided to children in investigative interviews. The ultimate aim of ground rules is to help children provide accurate accounts and resist acquiescence. Therefore, it is no surprise that research into ground rule use has so far focused on the impact ground rule training has on the accuracy of children’s reports. Yet, the amount of information a child provides is also important when it comes to legal processes ensued when a child reports abuse. This study is unique as it focuses on how ground rule training impacts the amount of information a child provides and whether this varies as a result of more intense training. So far, there is little research available that systematically evaluates multiple training methods within one study. The current study involves a condition with no ground rule training, one with the standard training often suggested in interview protocols, and two more intense training methods informed by relevant learning theories. Children aged between 5 and 12-years-old experienced a live event at their school and were interviewed about this event after a delay of approximately 2-weeks. Results did not support the hypotheses that ground rule training method would impact the number of unique details provided by children and that this relationship would vary across age. Results also showed that children’s accuracy responding to questions used to elicit ground rule responses was not related to the number of details provided. A larger sample is necessary to investigate whether the findings of the current study are accurate when the analyses are satisfactorily powered. Currently, this study suggests that more intense ground rule training does not compromise the richness of children’s reports. Findings also indicate that children’s acquiescence to suggestive, unanswerable or confusing questions is not related to the amount of information they provide when asked answerable questions. </p>

scholarly journals The Impact of 8-Week Deceleration Training on Dynamic Balance Skills of Young Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Cem Akyuz ◽  
Asiye Filiz Camliguney
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of deceleration training method on improving dynamic balance skills of young soccer players in comparison with the conventional training methods. This study included 26 young soccer players (mean age: 13.54±1.48, height: 154.98±12.44, weight: 46.16±11.06, Body Mass Index 18.96±2.21 kg/m2, fat percentile 18.22%±3.22). Thirteen players participated in the deceleration training group (DTG) group and thirteen players participated in the conventional training group (CTG). The training programs were executed on three nonconsecutive days in a week for a total of eight weeks. Y-balance tests were conducted both before and after the eight week training programs. The differences between the averages were analyzed with Wilcoxon, comparison between the groups were analyzed with Mann-Whitney-U post hoc analyses. There was no difference in left-right balance variation (p > 0.05) performance measurements between DTG and CTG before the exercise program. However, after the 8 week training programs, the performance measurements between DTG and CTG were significantly different (p < 0.05) and the dynamic balance skill development of the DTG were more advanced. Based on these results, the deceleration training method seems to be a more effective method in developing dynamic balance skills than conventional training methods.

scholarly journals The Continuous and Fractionated Game Format on the Training Load in Small Sided Games in Soccer

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Luís C. Branquinho ◽  
Ricardo Ferraz ◽  
Mário C. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Game Format ◽  
The Impact

The training load has become relevant for coaches in recent years. Several studies were carried out to verify the impact on the training load during the performance of small-sided games in soccer. However, recent research is now focused on the effects of using different methods and the study of different recovery times on training load in SSG deserves more attention. In this brief review, we critically analyze the impact of using different training methods and different recovery time, inferring with their impact on the external and internal training load during the performance of Small-Sided Games in soccer. The correct choice of training method can help coaches to increase the performance of their teams and achieve the proposed training objectives.

scholarly journals Innovating Occupational Safety Training: A Scoping Review on Digital Games and Possible Applications in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1868
Author(s):  
Lucia Vigoroso ◽  
Federica Caffaro ◽  
Margherita Micheletti Cremasco ◽  
Eugenio Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Game Mechanics ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Safety Knowledge

Digital games have been successfully applied in different working sectors as an occupational safety training method, but with a very limited application in agriculture. In agriculture and other productive sectors, unintentional injuries tend to occur with similar dynamics. A literature review was carried out to understand how occupational risks are addressed during game-based safety training in different productive sectors and how this can be transferred to agriculture. Literature about “serious game” and “gamification” as safety training methods was searched in WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, PUBMED and PsycINFO databases. In the forty-two publications retained, the computer was identified as the most adopted game support, whereas “points”, “levels”, “challenges” and “discovery” were the preferred game mechanics. Moreover, an association can be detected between the game mechanics and the elements developed in the game. Finally, during the game assessment, much positive feedback was collected and the games proved to be able to increase the operators’ skills and safety knowledge. In light of the results, insights are provided to develop an effective, satisfying and engaging safety game training for workers employed in agriculture. Games can be best used to learn and they are certain to improve over the next few years.

scholarly journals Riding the waves: the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on a national surgical training cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orla Hennessy ◽  
Amy Lee Fowler ◽  
Conor Hennessy ◽  
David Brinkman ◽  
Aisling Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Surgical Services ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Secondary Survey ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The World Health Organisation declared a global pandemic on the 11 March 2020 resulting in implementation of methods to contain viral spread, including curtailment of all elective and non-emergent interventions. Many institutions have experienced changes in rostering practices and redeployment of trainees to non-surgical services. Examinations, study days, courses, and conferences have been cancelled. These changes have the potential to significantly impact the education and training of surgical trainees. Aim To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on training, educational, and operative experiences of Irish surgical trainees. Methods Surgical trainees were surveyed anonymously regarding changes in working and educational practices since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic on 11 March 2020. The survey was circulated in May 2020 to both core and higher RCSI surgical trainees, when restrictions were at level five. Questions included previous and current access to operative sessions as well as operative cases, previous and current educational activities, access to senior-led training, and access to simulation-/practical-based training methods. A repeat survey was carried out in October 2020 when restrictions were at level two. Results Overall, primary and secondary survey response rates were 29% (n = 98/340) and 19.1% (n = 65/340), respectively. At the time of circulation of the second survey, the number of operative sessions attended and cases performed had significantly improved to numbers experienced pre-pandemic (p < 0.0001). Exposure to formal teaching and education sessions returned to pre-COVID levels (p < 0.0001). Initially, 23% of trainees had an examination cancelled; 53% of these trainees have subsequently sat these examinations. Of note 27.7% had courses cancelled, and 97% of these had not been rescheduled. Conclusion Surgical training and education have been significantly impacted in light of COVID-19. This is likely to continue to fluctuate in line with subsequent waves. Significant efforts have to be made to enable trainees to meet educational and operative targets.

scholarly journals Development of training method for vessel traffic service based on cognitive process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbing Song ◽  
Hiroko Itoh ◽  
Yasumi Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
International Association ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Maritime Traffic

AbstractVessel traffic service (VTS) is important to protect the safety of maritime traffic. Along with the expansion of monitoring area per VTS operator in Tokyo Bay, Japan, inexperienced operators must acquire the ability to quickly and accurately detect conditions that requires attention (CRAs) from a monitoring screen. In our previous study (Song B, Itoh H, Kawamura Y, Fukuto J (2018) Analysis of Cognitive Processes of Operators of Vessel Traffic Service. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International Association of Institutes of Navigation. IAIN 2018, pp 529–534, Song et al., J Jpn Inst Navig 140:48–54, 2019), we established a task analysis method based on the assumption that the cognitive process model consists of three stages: “situational awareness”, “situation judgment”, and “decision making”. A simulation experiment was conducted for VTS operators with different levels of ability and their cognitive processes were compared based on the observation of eye movements. The results showed that the inexperienced operators’ abilities to predict situation changes were lower. And it was considered that oral transmission of the knowledge is difficult, thus new training methods are needed to help the inexperienced operators to understand the prediction methods of experienced operators. In this study, based on the cognitive process of an experienced operator, we analyzed the prediction procedures of situation changes and developed an educational tool called vessel traffic routine (VTR). The training method learning VTR aims to quickly improve inexperienced VTS operators’ abilities to predict situation changes. A simulation verification experiment of the VTR effect was conducted for four inexperienced operators, who were divided into two groups with and without prior explanation of VTR. By evaluating the cognitive processes of inexperienced operators, it was confirmed that those given prior explanations of VTR were better at detecting CRAs.

A descriptive study of stress fractures in competitive event horses in the UK

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Emma Hayton ◽  
Jennifer C Sneddon
Keyword(s):  
Stress Fracture ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
Fracture Prevalence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Age Category

AbstractThe impact of stress fractures on competitive event horses in the UK is completely unknown. Ninety-one replies to 450 questionnaires sent to competitive event riders across the UK indicated that 11 horses, representing 12% of the responders, had a confirmed stress fracture. As data on the total number of horses owned or ridden by the riders were not available, the true prevalence of stress fractures in this sample of horses could not be directly assessed. Within the bounds of this study, competitive level of the rider had a significant effect on stress fracture prevalence (X2(0.05, df. 2) = 24.74, P<0.05), as did years of eventing experience (X2(0.05, df. 1) = 27.80, P<0.01). Training regime was also influential (X2(0.05,df. 1) = 26.30, PX20.01). There was a predominance of fractures in geldings (X2(0.05, df. 1) = 24.45, P<0.03); however, geldings constituted 82% of reported cases. Thoroughbred cross horses had a significantly lower incidence of stress fractures than Thoroughbreds (X2(0.05, df. 1) = 20.82, P<0.01) but constituted only 18% of the sample. Horses in the oldest age category (9–12 years) had 6% of all stress fractures (X2(0.05, df. 2) = 24.54, P<0.1). All fractures occurred on the foreleg at the knee or below, with no significant effect of anatomical location. Seventy-three per cent of horses were not competing when diagnosed (X2(0.05, df. 1) = 22.27, P<0.1). These data indicate that useful preliminary data were yielded by the questionnaire and that further research with a larger sample size is justified.

The Impact of a Community Supervision Officer Training Program on Client Outcomes: A Propensity Score Modeling Analysis by Officer Training Dosage

2020 ◽  
pp. 009385482098078
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Labrecque ◽  
Jill Viglione
Keyword(s):  
Staff Training ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Client Outcomes ◽  
Officer Training ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Technical Violations ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Standard Training ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Training Dosage

A growing body of research indicates officer training in correctional supervision programs is associated with improved use of evidence-based practices and lower rates of client recidivism. This scholarship also suggests larger reductions in recidivism can be achieved when officers implement program skills with higher quality. Despite their potential, research has shown standard training regiments alone are not sufficient in making all participants proficient users of skills. There is a need to determine what intensity of training produces the best results. In response, this study assessed the impact of federal probation officer training dosage in the Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Re-arrest (STARR) program on the outcomes of their clients. The results indicated clients of STARR-trained officers had fewer probation revocations and new arrests but more technical violations and positive drug tests. We also found clients supervised by officers with more versus less exposure to the STARR model had better outcomes.

5. Does It Matter What Your Employees Do Outside of Work? - Off-Duty Conduct and its Implications for Organizations and their Employees

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matei Olaru
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
Preliminary Conclusion ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Organization Analysis ◽  
Explicit Mention ◽  
Drug Manufacturing ◽  
Tax Fraud ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Larger Sample

This research is among the first to explore the phenomenon of off-duty conduct and its implications for organizations and their employees. This research reviewed cases of offdutyconduct to understand the nature of conduct that faced arbitration, the discipline imposed for the conduct, and the arguments made by the parties about the impact of theconduct on the organization itself. In 1967, a case in Ontario (Re Millhaven Fibres Ltd. & Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers I.U. Loc. 9-670,[[1967] O.L.A.A. No. 4]) set out five factors to evaluate the impact of an employee’s off-duty conduct on the organization. Analysis was based on explicit mention of one or more Millhaven principles. The research included 116 diverse Canadian arbitration cases. Examples of infractions in the sample pool include: theft, drug trafficking, vandalism, assault, tax fraud, murder, sexual assault, drug manufacturing, impaired driving, political protest, and defamatory statements. Trend analyses led to the preliminary conclusion that employers will use reputational damage (one of the five Millhaven principles) as an umbrella defense in arbitration. These findings raise the question of the effectiveness of the reputation Millhaven principle as a valid argument. The initial findings from this   research also shed some light on organizations’ reactions to the off-duty conduct of their employees. Further research of interest will include a larger sample with reputation specific grievances to determine if an  abnormally large number of reputation-based grievances are allowed.

An initial investigation into the effects of the equine transeva technique (pulsating current electrotherapy) on the equine Gluteus superficialis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
H. Knaggs ◽  
G. Tabor ◽  
J.M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Pretreatment Condition ◽  
Negative Change ◽  
Temporal Variables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Athletic Horse ◽  
Pulsating Current ◽  
Larger Sample

The equine transeva technique (ETT), is a novel electrotherapy, which utilises pulsating current electrotherapy to target sensory and motor neurons. The technique may facilitate increased circulation and correction of musculoskeletal issues and injuries, such as tendon and ligament tears and muscle atrophy. Despite the importance of understanding the impact of ETT on horses, no current scientific research exists in this area. This preliminary study investigated the effects of ETT on the musculoskeletal system of the horse, specifically within the Gluteus superficialis (GS). Using surface electromyography, muscle workload was measured in 11 sound and healthy horses of varying breeds and disciplines within the inclusion criteria. Integrated electromyography (iEMG) calculated the percentage change in maximal contractions before and after ETT treatment during one minute trials at 30 s intervals. An ANCOVA determined if these constituted significant changes (Bonferroni adjusted alpha: P≤0.02). Significant differences in muscle workload were found on the left side between pre- and post-treatment readings across trials (P≤0.02), however no significant changes occurred for the right side. The majority of horses (82%; n=9) experienced bilateral changes, with 78% of these (n=7) exhibiting a negative change in muscle workload recorded from the pretreatment condition, which may indicate muscular relaxation. The results suggest ETT may have some effect on muscle workload in the athletic horse, however further research is needed to confirm the effects observed. Future studies should include randomising the side which is treated first, a larger sample size, expansion of temporal variables and consideration of a longitudinal study to determine if these trends accrue over multiple maintenance-purposed treatments.

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